Craniofacial abnormality

{{Short description|Birth defects of the cranium and facial bones}}

{{redirect|Orafacial abnormality|other orofacial abnormalities|Mouth disease}}

{{Infobox medical condition (new)

| name = Craniofacial abnormality

| image = Human skull side simplified (bones).svg

| caption = Human skull

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Craniofacial abnormalities are congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the cranium and facial bones.{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/topics/craniofacial_abnormalities/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040823015005/http://www.who.int/topics/craniofacial_abnormalities/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 23, 2004 |title=WHO – Craniofacial abnormalities }}

They are associated with the development of the pharyngeal arches.{{cite web |url=http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec19/ch288/ch288d.html |title=Craniofacial Abnormalities: Congenital Craniofacial and Musculoskeletal Abnormalities: Merck Manual Professional }} Approximately, 5% of the UK or USA population present with dentofacial deformities requiring Orthognathic surgery, jaw surgery, and Orthodontics, brace therapy, as a part of their definitive treatment.{{cite book | last1 = Posnick | first1 = Jeffrey C. | title = Orthognatic Surgery: Principles and Practice| publisher = Elsevier| pages = 61–68| location = Amsterdam | date = September 2013| isbn = 978-145572698-1 | doi=10.1016/B978-1-4557-2698-1.00003-4 | title-link = Orthognatic Surgery: Principles and Practice }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Harrington C, Gallagher JR, Borzabadi-Farahani A|title=A retrospective analysis of dentofacial deformities and orthognathic surgeries using the index of orthognathic functional treatment needs (IOFTN).|journal=Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol|volume=79|pages=1063–6 |issue=7 |date= 2015 |pmid=25957779 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.04.027}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Borzabadi-Farahani A, Eslamipour F, Shahmoradi M |title=Functional needs of subjects with dentofacial deformities: A study using the index of orthognathic functional treatment need (IOFTN)|journal=J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg|volume=69|pages=796–801 |issue=6 |date= 2016 | pmid=27068664 |doi=10.1016/j.bjps.2016.03.008}}