Craugastoridae
{{Short description|Family of amphibians}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range =
| image = Craugastor longirostris.jpg
| image_caption = Craugastor longirostris
| taxon = Craugastoridae
| authority = Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008
| subdivision = See text
}}
Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.{{BioRef|ASW6|title=Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke |year=2008 |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Brachycephaloidea/Craugastoridae |access-date=13 February 2022}}
Taxonomy
The taxon was created by Stephen Blair Hedges, William Edward Duellman and Matthew P. Heinicke in 2008. The taxonomy of these frogs is not yet settled,{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Higher-taxonomy-and-progress |title=Higher taxonomy and progress |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=25 April 2014}}{{cite journal|author1=Blackburn, D.C. |author2=Wake, D.B. |name-list-style=amp | title=Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| year=2011| pages=39–55|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8 | url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p055.pdf}} and other sources may treat the subfamily Strabomantinae as a family, Strabomantidae,{{ITIS|id=773194 |taxon=Strabomantidae Hedges, Duellman and Heinicke, 2008}}{{cite web |url=http://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Strabomantidae.shtml |title=Strabomantidae |year=2014 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |access-date=25 April 2014}} with correspondingly smaller Craugastoridae.{{ITIS|id=773181 |taxon=Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman and Heinicke, 2008}}{{cite web |url=http://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Craugastoridae.shtml |title=Craugastoridae |year=2014 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |access-date=25 April 2014}} The family was rearranged in 2014, and more recently in 2021.{{cite journal |url=http://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Craugastoridae.shtml |author1=Motta, A. P. |author2=P. P. G. Taucce |author3=C. F. B. Haddad |author4=C. Canedo |title=A new terraranan genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with comments on the systematics of Brachycephaloidea (Amphibia: Anura). |year=2021 |journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=663–679 |doi=10.1111/jzs.12452 |s2cid=234058664 |access-date=13 February 2022|doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}
Life history
With the possible exception of Craugastor laticeps that may be ovoviviparous,{{cite journal |author=McCranie, J.R. |author2=M.H. Wake |author3=L. Valdés Orellana |name-list-style=amp |year=2013 |title=Craugastor laticeps. Possible ovoviviparity |journal=Herpetological Review |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=653–654}}
craugastorid frogs have direct development: no free-living tadpole stage is known; instead, eggs develop directly into small froglets.{{cite journal |author1=Hedges, S. B. |author2=Duellman, W. E. |author3=Heinicke, M. P |name-list-style=amp | year=2008 | title=New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation |journal=Zootaxa | volume=1737 | pages=1–182 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1 |url=http://www.hedgeslab.org/pubs/196.pdf}}
Genera
Two genera are recognised in the family Craugastoridae:
- Craugastor Cope, 1862 (126 species)
- Haddadus Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (three species)
=Taxa formerly in Craugastoridae=
The following two taxa were formerly placed in Craugastoridae, but are now incerta sedis within the superfamily Brachycephaloidea, awaiting more data to resolve their position:{{Cite journal | last1 = Padial | first1 = J. M. | last2 = Grant | first2 = T. | last3 = Frost | first3 = D. R. |name-list-style=amp | year = 2014 | title = Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3825 | pages = 1–132 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1| url = http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3825.1.1 | pmid = 24989881| url-access = subscription }}
- Atopophrynus Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1982 (monotypic){{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Atopophrynus |title=Atopophrynus Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1982 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=7 June 2015}}
- Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915 (monotypic){{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Geobatrachus |title=Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=7 June 2015}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Anura}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q110907310|from3=Q55463|from2=Q5938285}}