Creaky-voiced glottal approximant

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʔ̞⟩, ⟨ʔ̰⟩ or ⟨ʔ̬⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Creaky-voiced glottal approximant

|ipa symbol=ʔ̞

|ipa symbol2=ʔ̰

|ipa symbol3=ʔ̬

}}

The creaky-voiced glottal approximant is a consonant sound in some languages. In the IPA, it is transcribed as {{angbr IPA|ʔ̞}}, {{angbr IPA|ʔ̰}}, or {{Angbr IPA|ʔ̬}}.{{cite journal |last1=Kehrein |first1=Wolfgang |last2=Golston |first2=Chris |title=A prosodic theory of laryngeal contrasts |journal=Phonology |date=2005 |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=325–357 |doi=10.1017/S0952675704000302|s2cid=62734231 }} It involves tension in the glottis and diminution of airflow, compared to surrounding vowels, but not full occlusion.

Features

Features of the creaky-voiced glottal approximant:

Its phonation is creaky-voiced.

Occurrence

It is an intervocalic allophone of a glottal stop in many languages.

class="wikitable"

!Language

!Family

!Word

!IPA

!Meaning

!Notes

Gimi

|Papuan

|{{Lang|gim|hagok}}

|{{IPA|/haʔ̞oʔ/}}

|'many'

|It is reported to be contrastive in which it is phonologically the voiced equivalent of the glottal stop {{IPA|/ʔ/}}.{{SOWL|77–78}} Indicated as {{IPA|/ʔ/}} by one author.Gimi Organised Phonology Data. [Manuscript] [http://www-01.sil.org/pacific/png/abstract.asp?id=928474542483]

Tundra Nenets

|Samoyedic

|{{Example needed|date=November 2023}}

|Katz, Hartmut. 1975. Generative Phonologie und phonologische Sprachbunde des Ostjakischen und Samojedischen. (Münchener Universit"ats-Schriften, Finnisch-ugrische Bibliothek, 1.) München: Universit"at München.Tereshchenko, N. M. 1966. Neneckij jazyk. In Lytkin, V. I. and Majtinskaja, K. E. (eds.), Jazyki narodov SSSR. Volume 3: Finno-ugorskie i samodijskie jazyki, 376–395. Moscow / Leningrad: Nauka.Décsy, Gyula. 1966. Yurak Chrestomathy. (Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, 50.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Hajdú, Peter. 1963. The Samoyed Peoples and Languages. (Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, 14.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Ristinen, Elaine K. 1965. On the Phonemes of Nenets. Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 40. 22–44.Ristinen, Elaine K. 1968. Problems Concerning Vowel Length in Nenets. Ural-Altaisches Journal 40. 22–44.{{sfnp|Colarusso|2012|p=2}}