Criminalization of migration

Criminalization of migration is the increasing trend of dealing with immigration using criminal law, as opposed to regulating it with administrative procedures. Alongside an imposition of criminal penalties for actions relating to migration, there is also increased incarceration of people crossing borders without authorization.{{cite journal |last1=De Giorgi |first1=Alessandro |title=Immigration control, post-Fordism, and less eligibility: A materialist critique of the criminalization of immigration across Europe |journal=Punishment & Society |date=April 2010 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=147–167 |doi=10.1177/1462474509357378}}{{cite journal |last1=Marin |first1=Luisa |last2=Spena |first2=Alessandro |title=Introduction: The Criminalization of Migration and European (Dis)Integration |journal=European Journal of Migration and Law |date=17 June 2016 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=147–156 |doi=10.1163/15718166-12342096 |url=https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6929402/15718166_018_02_s001_text.pdf |language=en |issn=1388-364X}} In an Oxford University Press book, Professor Cathryn Costello argues that criminalization of migration does not meet the classic liberal principles of criminalization and there are compelling arguments against it.{{cite book |last1=Costello |first1=Cathryn |title=Criminality at Work |date=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=309–326 |language=en |chapter=Victim or Perpetrator? The Criminal Migrant and the Idea of ‘Harm’ in a Labour Market Context}} According to economist Walter Block, illegal immigration is a victimless crime from a libertarian perspective.{{cite book |last1=Block |first1=Walter |title=Labor Economics From A Free Market Perspective: Employing The Unemployable |date=2008 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-4475-86-0 |page=176 |language=en}}