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Criniger

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}

{{Italic title}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| name=Criniger

| image = XenocichlaKeulemans.jpg

| image_caption = White-bearded greenbul (above) and yellow-bearded greenbul (below)

| taxon = Criniger

| authority = Temminck, 1820

| type_species = Criniger barbatus
(Western bearded greenbul)

| type_species_authority = Temminck, 1821

| range_map = Criniger distribution map.png

| synonyms = * Trichophorus

  • Tricophorus

}}

Criniger is a genus of songbirds in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. The species of Criniger are found in western and central Africa.

Taxonomy

The genus Criniger was introduced in 1820 by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck,{{ cite book | last=Temminck | first=Coenraad Jacob | author-link=Coenraad Jacob Temminck | year=1820 | title=Manuel d'ornithologie, ou, Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe | volume=Part 1 | edition=2nd | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=H. Cousin | page=60 (LX) | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41001509 }} the name Criniger is Latin for "long-haired" (from crinis, meaning "hair" and gerere, meaning "to carry"). A year later Temminck designated the type species as the western bearded greenbul.{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1960 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=9 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=273 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480948 }}{{ cite book | last=Temminck | first=Coenraad Jacob | author-link=Coenraad Jacob Temminck | year=1838 | orig-date=1821 | title=Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon | volume=3 | at=Plate 88 | publisher=F.G. Levrault | location=Paris | language=French | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36704614 }} The 5 volumes were originally issued in 102 livraison (parts), 1820-1839. For the dates see: {{ cite journal | last=Dickinson | first=E.C. | author-link=Edward C. Dickinson | year=2001 | title=Systematic notes on Asian birds. 9. The Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées of Temminck & Laugier (1820–1839) | journal=Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden | volume=335 | issue= | pages=7–53 | url=http://repository.naturalis.nl/document/46425 }}

=Species=

The genus contains five species:{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2021 | title=Bulbuls | work=IOC World Bird List Version 11.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/bulbuls/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=27 June 2021}}

class="wikitable"
ImageScientific nameCommon NameDistribution
-Western bearded greenbulCriniger barbatusGuinean Forests of West Africa
-eastern bearded greenbulCriniger chloronotusCongolian rainforests
-Red-tailed greenbulCriniger calurusAfrican tropical rainforest
-White-bearded greenbulCriniger ndussumensisCongolian rainforests
-Yellow-bearded greenbulCriniger olivaceusUpper Guinean forests

=Former species=

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Criniger:

  • Striated bulbul (as Tricophorus striatus or Criniger striatus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=AF1E4A9BE6B8640A|title=Pycnonotus striatus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-03-08}}{{Cite web|url=http://avis.indianbiodiversity.org/books/pycnonotus-striatus/21994|title=277. Alcurus striatus|last=Admin|first=Avis|date=2014-09-10|website=AVIS-IBIS|language=en|access-date=2017-03-08}}
  • Streak-eared bulbul (as Criniger Conradi){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=E5A86DFA&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Pycnonotus conradi - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-03-31}}
  • Western greenbul (as Trichophorus tephrolaemus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=DA399CC6AFD9B0DA|title=Arizelocichla tephrolaema - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-03}}
  • Olive-headed greenbul (as Criniger olivaceiceps){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=3754823802AF0CB3|title=Arizelocichla olivaceiceps - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-06}}
  • Golden greenbul (as Criniger serinus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=3B3C39F173CE8DCB|title=Calyptocichla serinus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-11}}
  • Honeyguide greenbul (as Criniger indicator){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=E6A0D208&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Baeopogon indicator - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-11}}
  • Upper Guinea honeyguide greenbul (as Trichophorus leucurus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=C2289951&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Baeopogon indicator leucurus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-11}}
  • Yellow-bellied greenbul (as Trichophorus flaviventris){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=D083BB3F92A1CBC0|title=Chlorocichla flaviventris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-13}}
  • Falkenstein's greenbul (as Criniger Falkensteini){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=FCA9F934B4B074A0|title=Chlorocichla falkensteini - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-16}}
  • Simple greenbul (as Trichophorus simplex){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=D3D4D1B7CDB80226|title=Chlorocichla simplex - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-16}}
  • Yellow-throated leaflove (as Trichophorus flavicollis or Criniger flavicollis){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cItIAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Xenocichla+flavicollis%22&pg=PA97|title=Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum: Passeriformes, or perching birds. Cichlomorphœ: pt. III-IV, containing the ... family Timeliidœ (babbling-thrushes) by R.B. Sharpe|date=1881-01-01|publisher=order of the Trustees|language=en}}
  • Uganda yellow-throated greenbul (as Trichophorus flavigula){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=89C51401&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Atimastillas flavicollis flavigula - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-17}}
  • Northern brownbul (as Criniger strepitans){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=29820AD92710CDC0|title=Phyllastrephus strepitans - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-21}}
  • Fischer's greenbul (as Criniger Fischeri){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=2DA2C52F36170D37|title=Phyllastrephus fischeri - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-02}}
  • Cabanis's greenbul (as Criniger cabanisi){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=3029C547F9319279|title=Phyllastrephus cabanisi - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-02}}
  • Icterine greenbul (as Trichophorus icterinus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=7D300BBE&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Phyllastrephus icterinus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-04}}
  • Red-tailed bristlebill (multicolor) (as Criniger multicolor){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=2B6F9DF3&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Bleda syndactylus syndactylus (multicolor) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-07}}
  • Green-tailed bristlebill (as Trichophorus eximius){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=68043A8853CE665E|title=Bleda eximius - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-07}}
  • Yellow-lored bristlebill (as Trichophorus notatus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=619DFAA8&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Bleda notatus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-07}}
  • Grey-headed bristlebill (as Trichophorus canicapillus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D4B9EE90&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Bleda canicapillus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-07}}
  • Finsch's bulbul (as Criniger finschi){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=F9E2A503B23EF856|title=Alophoixus finschii - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-12}}
  • White-throated bulbul (as Trichophorus flaveolus or Criniger flaveolus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=31754E31D9C19D12|title=Alophoixus flaveolus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-12}}
  • White-throated bulbul (burmanicus) (as Criniger burmanicus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=8A6E6C26&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus flaveolus burmanicus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-13}}
  • Puff-throated bulbul (as Criniger pallidus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=C916F1C7&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus pallidus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-14}}
  • Grey-crowned bulbul (as Criniger griseiceps){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D02FCDDF&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus pallidus griseiceps - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-14}}
  • Puff-throated bulbul (henrici) (as Criniger Henrici){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=EA27F692&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus pallidus henrici - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-14}}
  • Ochraceous bulbul (as Criniger ochraceus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=2AB998D6&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus ochraceus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-15}}
  • Ochraceous bulbul (sordidus) (as Criniger sordidus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=024A92B5&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus ochraceus sordidus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-15}}
  • Ochraceous bulbul (sumatranus) (as Criniger sumatranus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=BD982CA0&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus ochraceus sumatranus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-15}}
  • Ochraceous bulbul (ruficrissus) (as Criniger ruficrissus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D5AFE4A7&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus ochraceus ruficrissus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-15}}
  • Grey-cheeked bulbul (as Criniger bres){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=44DB2E85&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus bres - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-15}}
  • Grey-cheeked bulbul (tephrogenys) (as Trichophorus tephrogenys){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=0CA534B2&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus bres tephrogenys - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-15}}
  • Grey-cheeked bulbul (gutturalis) (as Trichophorus gutturalis or Criniger gutturalis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=EDC6A24F&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus bres gutturalis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-15}}
  • Palawan bulbul (as Criniger frater){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=50D0244D&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus frater - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-23}}
  • Yellow-bellied bulbul (as Criniger phaeocephalus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=3499C2A5&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus phaeocephalus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-29}}
  • Yellow-bellied bulbul (diardi) (as Criniger diardi){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=1FD7EE54&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus phaeocephalus diardi - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-29}}
  • Yellow-bellied bulbul (sulphuratus) (as Trichophorus sulphuratus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=A2FB2BD3&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alophoixus phaeocephalus sulphuratus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-05-29}}
  • Yellow-browed bulbul (as Trichophorus indicus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=36D71C61&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Acritillas indica - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-06-01}}
  • Yellow-browed bulbul (icterica) (as Criniger ictericus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=8B9592CB&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Acritillas indica icterica - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-06-01}}
  • Hairy-backed bulbul (as Trichophorus minutus){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cQFHAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Trichophorus+minutus%22&pg=PA490|title=The Ibis|date=1872|publisher=British Ornithologists' Union|language=en}}
  • Hairy-backed bulbul (sericeus) (as Criniger sericea){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=31F2E6BC&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Tricholestes criniger sericeus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-06-03}}
  • Grey-eyed bulbul (as Criniger propinquus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=176522DA2AC5064A|title=Iole propinqua - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-06-05}}
  • Charlotte's bulbul (as Criniger charlottae){{Cite web|url=http://www.hbw.com/species/buff-vented-bulbul-iole-charlottae|title=Buff-vented Bulbul (Iole charlottae)|website=www.hbw.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-05}}
  • Sulphur-bellied bulbul (as Criniger palawanensis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=4763A554B752FD79|title=Iole palawanensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-06-05}}
  • Seram golden bulbul (as Criniger affinis){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=712764DC&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Thapsinillas affinis (Seram Golden Bulbul) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-10-18}}
  • Ambon golden bulbul (as Trichophorus flavicaudus){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=FDB1A2B1&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Thapsinillas affinis flavicaudus (Ambon Golden Bulbul) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-10-18}}
  • Northern golden bulbul (as Criniger longirostris){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=33A73A5B&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Thapsinillas longirostris (Sula Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-10-21}}
  • Sangihe golden bulbul (as Criniger Platenae){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=C4890A33&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Thapsinillas platenae (Sangihe Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-10-21}}
  • Togian golden bulbul (as Criniger aureus){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=61540F2E&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Thapsinillas aurea (Togian Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-10-21}}
  • Halmahera golden bulbul (as Criniger Chloris){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=8EA40B11&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Thapsinillas chloris (Halmahera Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-10-21}}
  • Buru golden bulbul (as Criniger mystacalis){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=07BCEAC0&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Thapsinillas mysticalis (Buru Golden Bulbul) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-10-21}}
  • Yellowish bulbul (as Criniger Everetti){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=8190AD1FC3F99BAC|title=Hypsipetes everetti (Yellowish Bulbul) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-11-06}}
  • Sulu bulbul (as Criniger Haynaldi){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D18AE87D&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Hypsipetes everetti haynaldi (Sulu Bulbul) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-11-06}}

References

{{Reflist | refs =

{{cite book | title = The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Names | url = https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | first = James A. | last = Jobling | year = 2010 | location = London, UK | publisher = Christopher Helm | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n121 121] }}

}}

Further reading

  • {{ cite journal | last1=Huntley | first1=Jerry W. | last2=Harvey | first2= Johanna A. | last3=Pavia | first3=Marco | last4=Boano | first4=Giovanni | last5=Voelker | first5= Gary| year=2017 | title=The systematics and biogeography of the Bearded Greenbuls (Aves: Criniger) reveals the impact of Plio-Pleistocene forest fragmentation on Afro-tropical avian diversity | journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume= 183| issue= 3| pages= 672–686| doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx086 }}

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Category:Bird genera

Category:Greenbuls

Category:Birds of the African tropical rainforest

Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot