Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts

The institution was founded in Zagreb on 29 April 1861 by the decision of the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) as the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts.The adjective "Yugoslav" was coined in mid-19th century by the movement that sought national unity of the South Slavs from Austria-Hungary with their eastern neighbors. Its extent was likely ambiguous, e.g. in whether or not it meant to include Bulgarians and Macedonians. Later the term became associated specifically with the country and peoples of Yugoslavia. The bishop and benefactor Josip Juraj Strossmayer, a prominent advocate of higher education during the 19th century Croatian national romanticism, set up a trust fund for this purpose and in 1860 submitted a large donation to the then viceroy (ban) of Croatia Josip Šokčević for the cause of being able to

{{Cquote|bring together the best minds {{interp|...}} and find a way in which books in the national languages could be produced in the Slavic South; the Academy should also take under its aegis all the areas of human science{{cite web | url=http://info.hazu.hr/foundation_of_academy | title=The Founding of the Academy | publisher=Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts | access-date=2009-01-17 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606084626/http://info.hazu.hr/foundation_of_academy | archive-date=6 June 2010 | df=dmy-all }}}}

File:Agram, Academy Palace, with St. George Monument, by Fernkorn, Croatia, Austro-Hungary-LCCN2002710733.jpg

After some years of deliberations by the Croatian Parliament and the emperor Franz Joseph, it was finally sanctioned by law in 1866. The official sponsor was Josip Juraj Strossmayer, while the first chairman of the academy was the distinguished Croatian historian Franjo Rački. Serbian linguist Đuro Daničić was elected secretary general of the academy, where he played a key role in preparing the academy's dictionary, the Croatian or Serbian Dictionary of JAZU.

The academy's creation was the logical extension of the University of Zagreb, the institution initially created in 1669 and also renewed by bishop Strossmayer in 1874. Bishop Strossmayer also initiated the building of the Academy Palace in the Zrinjevac park of Zagreb, and the Palace was completed in 1880. In 1884, the palace also became a host of the Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters that contained 256 works of art (mostly paintings). The same is today one of the most prominent art galleries in Zagreb.

The academy started publishing the academic journal Rad in 1867. In 1882, each of the individual scientific classes of the academy started printing their own journals. In 1887, the academy published the first "Ljetopis" as a year book, as well as several other publications in history and ethnology.

Vatroslav Jagić, Baltazar Bogišić, Nikola Tesla, Mihailo Petrović, Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, Andrija Mohorovičić, Ivan Meštrović, Lavoslav Ružička, Vladimir Prelog, Ivo Andrić, Miroslav Krleža, Ivan Supek and Franjo Tuđman were JAZU/HAZU members.

The academy briefly changed name from "Yugoslav" to "Croatian" between 1941 and 1945 during the Axis client regime of the Independent State of Croatia.

It has again been renamed "Croatian" in 1991 after Croatia gained independence from Yugoslavia.

File:HAZU 58 17 lipnja 2008.jpg

The academy is divided into nine departments (classes):{{cite web | url=http://info.hazu.hr/classes | title=Classes of Academy | publisher=Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts | access-date=2009-01-14 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224223631/http://info.hazu.hr/classes | archive-date=24 December 2008 | df=dmy-all }}

• Department of Social Sciences
• Department of Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences
• Department of Natural Sciences
• Department of Medical Sciences
• Department of Philological Sciences
• Department of Literature
• Department of Fine Arts
• Department of Music and Musicology
• Department of Technical Sciences

One of the research units of the academy is the Institute for Historical Sciences. It is located in a Renaissance villa in Dubrovnik, and holds a rich manuscript and library collection. Two peer-reviewed journals are published by the institute, which are fully available online: Anali in Croatian and Dubrovnik Annals in English.[http://www.zavoddbk.org/en/about-the-institute/ About the Institute]

The Institute for Ornithology houses the Croatian bird ringing scheme, and is a member of the European Union for Bird Ringing (EURING).{{cite web |url=https://euring.org/national-schemes/euring-member-schemes |title=EURING Member Schemes |website=euring.org |language=en |access-date=2024-02-28}}

{{see also|List of members of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts}}

There are four classes of members:{{cite web | url=http://info.hazu.hr/member_of_academy | title=Members of Academy | publisher=Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts | access-date=2009-01-14 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224141747/http://info.hazu.hr/member_of_academy | archive-date=24 December 2008 | df=dmy-all }}

• Full members
• Associate members
• Honorary members
• Corresponding members

The number of full members and corresponding members is limited to 160 each, while the maximum number of associate members is 100. Number of full members per department is limited to 24. Only the full members may carry the title of "academician" ({{langx|en|F.C.A.}}, {{langx|hr|akademik}} (male members) or {{lang|hr|akademkinja}} (female members)).

The academy has been criticized to the effect that membership and activities are based on academic cronyism and political favor rather than on scientific and artistic merit.{{cite web|last=Šimičević |first=Hrvoje |date=6 June 2022 |title=Prilozi za biografiju HAZU-a |trans-title=Contributions to the biography of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts |language=hr |url=https://www.portalnovosti.com/prilozi-za-biografiju-hazu-a |publisher=Novosti (Croatia) |location=Zagreb |issn=1845-8955 |access-date=6 June 2022|df=dmy-all}}{{cite magazine |last=Jindra |first=Jelena |date=20 July 2010 |title=HAZU: najskuplji starački dom |trans-title=Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts: the most expensive retirement home |url=http://82.94.203.142/hrvatska/hazu-najskuplji-staracki-dom?onepage=1 |language=hr |magazine=Nacional |location=Zagreb |archive-date=15 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115015914/http://82.94.203.142/hrvatska/hazu-najskuplji-staracki-dom?onepage=1 |access-date=12 December 2018 |df=dmy-all }}{{cite web|first=Mija |last=Pavliša |date=9 February 2011 |title=Nevjerodostojnom biografijom do članstva u HAZU: nepostojeće knjige Dunje Brozović |url=http://www.tportal.hr/kultura/knjizevnost/110709/Nevjerodostojnom-biografijom-do-clanstva-u-HAZU.html |language=hr |location=Zagreb |publisher=T-portal |issn=1334-3130 |archive-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053930/http://www.tportal.hr/kultura/knjizevnost/110709/Nevjerodostojnom-biografijom-do-clanstva-u-HAZU.html |access-date=27 September 2016 |df=dmy }}{{cite web|first=Tamara |last=Opačić |date=9 February 2011 |title=Čija je Dunja Brozović Rončević? |url=http://www.h-alter.org/vijesti/kultura/cija-je-sve-dunja-brozovic-roncevicc |language=hr |location=Zagreb |publisher=H-alter |issn=1847-3784 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203025717/http://h-alter.org/vijesti/kultura/cija-je-sve-dunja-brozovic-roncevicc |access-date=12 December 2013 |df=dmy }}{{cite web|first=Branko |last=Detelj |date=14 February 2011 |title=Hrvatska akademija zadrtosti i učmalosti |trans-title=Croatian Academy of Bigotry and Stuffiness |url=http://www.evarazdin.hr/kolumna/hazu-hrvatska-akademija-zadrtosti-i-ucmalosti/ |language=hr |location=Varaždin |publisher=E-Varaždin.hr |archive-date=4 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604020833/http://www.evarazdin.hr/kolumna/hazu-hrvatska-akademija-zadrtosti-i-ucmalosti/ |access-date=12 December 2012 |df=dmy }}{{cite magazine|last=Popović |first=Sofija |date=6 December 2011 |title=HAZU treba ukinuti a jezične puritance bojkotirati jer zarađuju na nacionalizmu: razgovor sa Snježanom Kordić |trans-title=Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts should be abolished and puritan linguists boycotted because they profit from nationalism: Interview with Snježana Kordić |url=http://arhiva.nacional.hr/clanak/121072/hazu-treba-ukinuti-a-jezicne-puritance-bojkotirati-jer-zaraduju-na-nacionalizmu |language=hr |magazine=Nacional |location=Zagreb |pages=64–68 |archive-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601173850/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/565689.Intervju_Nacional.PDF |access-date=23 August 2017 |df=dmy }} In 2006 matters came to a head with the academy's refusal to induct Dr. Miroslav Radman, an accomplished biologist, a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and an advocate of a higher degree of meritocracy and accountability in Croatian academia. His supporters within the academy and the media decried the decision as reinforcing a politically motivated, unproductive status quo.

Dr. Ivo Banac, a Yale University professor and then a deputy in the Croatian parliament, addressed the chamber in a speech decrying a "dictatorship of mediocrity" in the academy, while Globus columnist Boris Dežulović satirized the institution as an "academy of stupidity and obedience". Dr. Vladimir Paar and others defended the academy's decision, averring that it did take pains to include accomplished scientists but that, since Dr. Radman's work has mostly taken place outside Croatia, it was appropriate that he remain a corresponding rather than a full member of the academy."Dictatorship of Mediocrity" debate, Feral Tribune, 2006. [http://feral.audiolinux.com/tpl/weekly1/article_sngl.tpl?IdLanguage=7&NrIssue=1081&NrSection=1&NrArticle=13700 Banac speech], [http://feral.audiolinux.com/tpl/weekly1/section3.tpl?IdLanguage=7&NrIssue=1083&NrSection=13 Paar reply], [http://feral.audiolinux.com/tpl/weekly1/section3.tpl?IdLanguage=7&NrIssue=1084&NrSection=13 Banac response] Retrieved 2009-10-21 {{in lang|hr}}

Nenad Ban, a distinguished molecular biologist from ETH Zurich and a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina is only a corresponding member of HAZU.{{cite news | url = http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/uspjeh-dikica-priznali-nijemci-a-hazu-nije-prosao-clanak-196958 | newspaper = Večernji list | title = Uspjeh: Đikića priznali i Nijemci, a u HAZU nije prošao |trans-title=Success: Đikić recognized by the Germans, but could not enter HAZU | date = 2010-09-29 | quote = Dodao je i da je još jedan Hrvat, inače jedan od vodećih strukturalnih biologa u svijetu, Nenad Ban, takoder član Leopoldine u Razredu za biokemiju i biofiziku. | access-date = 2010-10-18}} Ivan Đikić, a molecular biologist working at the Goethe University Frankfurt, and also a member of Leopoldina since 2010, has not been able to join HAZU even as a corresponding member, despite being the most cited Croatian scientist, with more citations than the academy's 18-member Department of Medical Sciences combined.{{cite news|url=http://arhiva.nacional.hr/clanak/92383/dikic-pocascen-sam-izborom-u-prestiznu-akademiju-ali-to-je-i-obvezujuce |newspaper=Nacional |language=hr |title=Đikić: Počašćen sam izborom u prestižnu akademiju, ali to je i obvezujuće |trans-title=Đikić: I'm honored with the election into the prestigious academy, but it is also an obligation |date=2010-09-29 |access-date=2014-10-18 |archive-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523183203/http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/92383/dikic-pocascen-sam-izborom-u-prestiznu-akademiju-ali-to-je-i-obvezujuce |df=dmy }}{{cite web|url=http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Spektar/tabid/94/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/96854/Default.aspx |title=Đikić citiraniji od cijelog medicinskog razreda HAZU-a |date=27 March 2010 |work=Slobodna Dalmacija |language=hr |access-date=7 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222002630/http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Spektar/tabid/94/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/96854/Default.aspx|archive-date=22 February 2014}}{{cite web|url=https://www.telegram.hr/zivot/ivan-dikic-sad-je-i-sluzbeno-postao-clan-ugledne-americke-akademije-znanosti-i-umjetnosti/|title=Ivan Đikić sad je i službeno postao član ugledne Američke akademije znanosti i umjetnosti|date=21 October 2019|work=telegram.hr|language=hr|access-date=21 October 2019}}

From 2005 to 2007, the Department of Philological Sciences at the academy released several declarations on the linguistic situation in Croatia, which were criticised for being nationalistically motivated rather than linguistically based.{{cite journal|author=Kordić, Snježana |author-link=Snježana Kordić |title=Komentar Izjave HAZU |trans-title=Commentary on HAZU's Declaration |url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/430097.KOMENTAR_IZJAVE_HAZU.PDF |language=hr |journal=Književna Republika |location=Zagreb |volume=3 |issue=3–4 |pages=226–231 |year=2005 |issn=1334-1057 |ssrn=3445272 |id={{CROSBI|430097}}. {{ZDB|2122129-7}} |archive-date=29 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529002440/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/430097.KOMENTAR_IZJAVE_HAZU.PDF |access-date=17 October 2016 |df=dmy }} [http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000607466 (NSK)].{{cite journal|author=Kordić, Snježana |author-link=Snježana Kordić |title=Akademičke bajke |trans-title=Tales by academicians |url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/429737.AKADEMICKE_BAJKE.PDF |url-status=live |language=hr |journal=Književna Republika |location=Zagreb |volume=5 |issue=5–6 |pages=150–173 |year=2007 |issn=1334-1057 |ssrn=3432957 |s2cid=171605244 |id={{CROSBI|429737}}. {{CEEOL|51241}} |archive-date=1 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601175243/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/429737.AKADEMICKE_BAJKE.PDF |access-date=6 November 2021 |df=dmy }} [http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000695182 (NSK)].{{cite journal|author=Kordić, Snježana |author-link=Snježana Kordić |title=Kako HAZU pravi jezičnu paniku |trans-title=How HAZU makes a moral panic about language |url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/429736.KAKO_HAZU_PRAVI_JEZICNU_PANIKU.PDF |url-status=live |language=hr |journal=Književna Republika |location=Zagreb |volume=5 |issue=7–9 |pages=224–229 |year=2007 |issn=1334-1057 |ssrn=3432953 |s2cid=222611870 |id={{CROSBI|429736}}. {{CEEOL|257364}} |archive-date=29 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529002102/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/429736.KAKO_HAZU_PRAVI_JEZICNU_PANIKU.PDF |access-date=6 May 2019 |df=dmy }} [http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000694773 (NSK)]. Despite pressure from members of the Department of Philological Sciences, one journal refused to stop publishing criticism.{{cite book |last=Visković |first=Velimir |chapter=Slučaj Kordić |trans-chapter=The Kordić case |title=O drugima, o sebi: autobiografsko-memoarski zapisi |trans-title=About others, about myself: autobiographical-memoir records |language=hr |chapter-url=https://radiogornjigrad.blog/2024/10/22/velimir-viskovic-prije-83-godine-roden-je-tonko-maroevic/ |series=Biblioteka Posebna izdanja |location=Zagreb |publisher=Naklada Ljevak |year=2022 |pages=207–208 |isbn=978-953-355-596-6 |oclc=1356400109 |lccn=2022489279 |id={{COBISS|129538051}} |accessdate=2024-11-23 |archive-date=2024-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104102136/https://radiogornjigrad.blog/2024/10/22/velimir-viskovic-prije-83-godine-roden-je-tonko-maroevic/ |url-status=live}}

In May 2022, the academy published a document outlining conditions for Bosnia and Herzegovina's entry into the European Union, calling for a third Croat entity to be implemented in the country due to the rising challenges faced by Croats from "Serbian secessionist and Bosniak unitarist" policies. It also proposed conditions to be fulfilled by Serbia and Montenegro before they joined the EU. It has been criticized by analysts for its ethno-nationalist and political nature and has drawn comparisons to the controversial SANU memorandum.{{cite news |last1=Zvijerac |first1=Predrag |title=Hrvatski akademici uvjetuju ulazak BiH u EU trećim entitetom |url=https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/bih-hrvati-eu-treci-entitet/31870122.html |work=Radio Slobodna Evropa |date=26 May 2022}}

In 2023 the museum restituted to the heirs of Dane Reichsmann artworks that had been looted, including André Derain's “Still Life With a Bottle” and Maurice de Vlaminck's “Landscape by the Water,” as well as lithographs by Pablo Picasso, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne and Pierre Bonnard.{{Cite news |last=Hickley |first=Catherine |date=2023-09-22 |title=Croatian Museums Return Art Looted During Holocaust to Jewish Heir |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/22/arts/design/croatia-restitution-holocaust.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

• Matica hrvatska

{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts}}

• {{official website|http://www.hazu.hr/}} {{in lang|hr|en}}
• [http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/254559.html Zakon o Hrvatskoj akademiji znanosti i umjetnosti] {{in lang|hr}}
• {{cite journal|url=http://arhiva.nacional.hr/clanak/25792/milan-mogus-cuvar-tradicije-hrvatske-akademije |title=Milan Moguš - čuvar tradicije Hrvatske akademije |language=hr |journal=Nacional |issue=552 |author=Robert Bajruši |trans-title=Milan Moguš - guardian of traditions of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts |access-date=7 July 2012 |archive-date=25 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225054715/http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/25792/milan-mogus-cuvar-tradicije-hrvatske-akademije |df=dmy }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071014003714/http://www.globus.com.hr/Clanak.aspx?BrojID=233&ClanakID=6480 Intelektualna krema pred vratima HAZU-a] {{in lang|hr}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20050109110051/http://mirror.veus.hr/vijenac/stari/broj80/80-8.html VIJENAC 80 - Svjeza krv u Akademiji] {{in lang|hr}}
• {{cite news | url=http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx?ID=387F8648-D149-4500-B471-DFF51595FC6E | archive-date=14 June 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120614111648/http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx?ID=387F8648-D149-4500-B471-DFF51595FC6E | title=Upisani zlatnim slovima: Štampar, Krleža, Supek... | date=25 April 2011 | newspaper=Vjesnik | last=Katunarić | first=Sandra Viktorija | language=hr |trans-title=Written in gold: Štampar, Krleža, Supek... | access-date=6 May 2011 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}

{{Zagreb}}

{{Croatia topics|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

Academy of Sciences and Arts

Academy of Sciences and Arts

Category:1866 establishments in Croatia

Category:Buildings and structures in Zagreb

Category:Donji grad, Zagreb

Category:National academies of sciences

Category:National academies of arts and humanities

Category:Arts in Croatia

Academy of Sciences and Arts

Category:Members of the International Council for Science

Category:Arts organizations established in 1866

Category:Scientific organizations established in 1866

Category:1866 establishments in the Austrian Empire

Category:Romanesque Revival architecture

Academy of Sciences and Arts