Cromorne
{{Short description|Musical instrument}}
{{confuse|Crumhorn}}
Cromorne is a French woodwind reed instrument of uncertain identity{{what?|date=April 2023}}, used in the early Baroque period in French court music. The name is sometimes confused with the similar-sounding name crumhorn, a musical woodwind instrument probably of different design, called "tournebout" by French theorists in the 17th century.{{sfn|Boydell|2001a}}{{sfn|Boydell|2001c}}
Crumhorn
{{Listen|type=music|filename=Basse Cromorne Dandrieu.ogg|title=Basse de Cromorne from Organ Suite in D major|description=By Jean-François Dandrieu}}
By contrast, the crumhorn (also known by names including crum horn, crumm horn, Krummhorn, Krummpfeife, Kumbhorn, cornamuto torto, and piva torto) is a capped double-reed instrument usually shaped like a letter "J" and possessing a rather small melodic range spanning a ninth (i.e. just over an octave) unless extended downward by keys or by the technique of underblowing, which increases the range by a perfect fifth.{{sfn|Boydell|2001b}} However, this instrument was apparently little used in England—despite listings in the inventories of Henry VIII and the earls of Arundel at Nonsuch House, and mention in a poem by Sir William Leighton, they are conspicuously absent from inventories and other documents of English town waits{{sfn|Boydell|2001b}}—or France and was called a "tournebout" by French theorists including Mersenne (1636), Pierre Trichet (ca 1640), and even as late as Diderot (1767).{{sfn|Boydell|2001a}}{{sfn|Boydell|2001b}}{{sfn|Boydell|2001c}}
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Boydell|2001a}}|reference=Boydell, Barra R. 2001a. "Cromorne (i)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.}}
- {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Boydell|2001b}}|reference=Boydell, Barra R. 2001b. "Crumhorn". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.}}
- {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Boydell|2001c}}|reference=Boydell, Barra R. 2001c. "Tournebout". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.}}
Further reading
- {{Cite book
| last = Haynes
| first = Bruce
| title = The Eloquent Oboe: A History of the Hautboy from 1640 to 1760
| year = 2007
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| isbn = 978-0195337259|ref=none}}
{{Double reed}}