Crovan dynasty

File:Kingdom of the Isles, circa 1200 (png version) 02.png, in about 1200. ]]

The Crovan dynasty, from the late 11th century to the mid 13th century, was the ruling family of an insular kingdom known variously in secondary sources as the Kingdom of Mann, the Kingdom of the Isles, and the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles. The eponymous founder of the dynasty was Godred Crovan, who appeared from obscurity in the late 11th century, before his takeover of the Isle of Man and Dublin. The dynasty was of Gaelic-Scandinavian origin, descending from a branch of the Uí Ímair, a dominant kindred in the Irish Sea region which first appears on record in the late 9th century.

Leading members of the Crovan dynasty formed marriage-alliances with the Irish and Norwegian kings, as well as Hebridean, Gallovidian, and Anglo-Norman lords, and possibly Welsh princes as well. Surrounded by sometimes threatening English, Norwegian and Scottish monarchs, and various warlords from the western seaboard of Scotland, the leading members of the dynasty at times tactfully recognised the overlordship of certain kings of Norway and England, and even the Papacy. The military might of the dynasty were their fleets of galleys, and their forces battled in Ireland, the Hebrides, Wales, and the Isle of Man. The importance of the galley to the sea-Kings of the Crovan dynasty is illustrated in its implementation upon seals that certain members are known to have used.

Alex Woolf believes the Clann Somhairle can be regarded as a female line cadet branch of the Crovan dynasty.Alex Woolf, [https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/staff/alexwoolf/originsandancestry.pdf The origins and ancestry of Somerled: Gofraid mac Fergusa and 'The Annals of the Four Masters'], Medieval Scandinavia 15 (2005)

After Somerled's coup, the Crovan dynasty were temporarily deposed from all except the Isle of Man, and Dublin. On Somerled's death, they were allowed to inherit part of the realm : Lewis, Harris, and Skye.

Dynasts

Godred Crovan, died 1095
Logmann, d. 1103, son of Godfred
Olaf, d. 1153, son of Godfred
Godred, d. 1187, son of Olaf, who lost most of the Kingdom to Somerled's family
Reginald, {{fl.}} 1164, son of Olaf, half-brother of Godred, he and successors ruled only in Northern Isles
Godred, restored
Reginald, d. 1229, son of Godred
Olaf the Black, s. 1237, son of Godred, half-brother of Reginald
Godred, d. 1231, son of Reginald
Harald, d. 1248, son of Olaf
Reginald, d. 1249, son of Olaf
Harald, {{fl.}} 1249, son of Godred
Magnus, died 1265, son of Olaf

In Magnus's lifetime, Ewan MacDougall, a descendant of Somerled, was appointed king of the Hebrides by Haakon, the Norwegian king. Magnus remained titular king of Man. In the year after Magnus died, in 1266, the Treaty of Perth was signed, transferring overlordship of the Isles and Man to the Scottish king.

{{tree chart|border=0| GC | | | | | | | | | | | | |GC=1
Godred
Crovan
died 1095}}

{{tree chart|border=0| LG | | OG1 | | | | | | | | |LG=2
Logmann
died 1103|OG1=3
Olaf
died 1153}}

{{tree chart|border=0| | | | GO1 | | RO1 | | | | |GO1=4;6
Godred
died 1187|RO1=5
Reginald
{{fl.}} 1164}}

{{tree chart|border=0| RG1 | | | OG2 | | | | | | | |RG1=7
Reginald
died 1229|OG2=8
Olaf
died 1237}}

{{tree chart|border=0| GR1 | | HO1 | | RO1 | | MO1 |GR1=9
Godred
died 1231|HO1=10
Harald
died 1248|RO1=11
Reginald
died 1249|MO1=13
Magnus
died 1265}}

{{tree chart|border=0| HG1 | | | | | | | | | |HG1=12
Harald
{{fl.}} 1249}}

References

;Bibliography

{{citation |last=Downham |first=Clare |title=Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014 |publisher=Dunedin Academic Press |location=Edinburgh |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-903765-89-0 |ref=D1 }}.
{{citation |last=McDonald |first=R. Andrew |title=Manx Kingship in its Irish sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan dynasty |year=2007 |publisher=Four Courts Press |publication-place=Dublin |isbn=978-1-84682-047-2 |ref=M1 }}.

Category:Monarchs of the Isle of Man

Category:Scandinavian Scotland

Category:Norse-Gaelic monarchs

Category:11th-century establishments in Scotland

Category:12th century in Scotland

Category:13th century in Scotland

Category:13th-century disestablishments in Scotland