Crystal field excitation

Crystal field excitation is the electronic transition of an electron between two orbitals of an atom that is situated in a crystal field environment.{{Cite journal |last1=Rückamp |first1=R |last2=Benckiser |first2=E |last3=Haverkort |first3=M W |last4=Roth |first4=H |last5=Lorenz |first5=T |last6=Freimuth |first6=A |last7=Jongen |first7=L |last8=Möller |first8=A |last9=Meyer |first9=G |last10=Reutler |first10=P |last11=Büchner |first11=B |last12=Revcolevschi |first12=A |last13=Cheong |first13=S-W |last14=Sekar |first14=C |last15=Krabbes |first15=G |date=2005-06-17 |title=Optical study of orbital excitations in transition-metal oxides |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/144 |journal=New Journal of Physics |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=3 |doi=10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/144 |arxiv=cond-mat/0503405 |bibcode=2005NJPh....7..144R |issn=1367-2630}} They are often observed in coordination complexes of transition metals.{{Cite web |date=2016-08-21 |title=A. Introduction to Crystal Field Theory |url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Saint_Marys_College_Notre_Dame_IN/CHEM_342%3A_Bio-inorganic_Chemistry/Readings/Purgatory/Chapter_3%3A_Introduction_to_Advanced_Bonding_Theories/3.1_Crystal_Field_Theory/A._Introduction_to_Crystal_Field_Theory |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Chemistry LibreTexts |language=en}} Some examples of crystal field excitations are dd-transitions on a copper atom that is surrounded by an octahedron of oxygen atoms, or ff-transitions on the uranium atom in uranium antimonide.{{Cite book |last=Furrer |first=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IOvTBwAAQBAJ |title=Crystal Field Effects in Metals and Alloys |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4615-8801-6 |pages=220 |language=en}}