Cubatão

The municipality was created by state law in 1948.{{Cite web|url=https://www.al.sp.gov.br/documentacao/municipios-paulistas|title=Municípios Paulistas|access-date=2024-06-26|website=www.al.sp.gov.br|language=Portuguese}}

File:Estado de São Paulo (Brasil) 1950, Acervo do Museu Paulista da USP.jpg

In the early 1980s, Cubatão was one of the most polluted cities in the world, nicknamed "Valley of Death", due to births of brainless children and respiratory, hepatic and blood illnesses. High air pollution was killing forest over hills around the city. It was ranked the top ten dirtiest cities in the world by Popular Science.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Around 0:00 BRT (3:00 GMT) on Saturday, 25 February 1984, an oil spill set the shantytown Vila Socó on fire, killing 93 people according to official figures of the government, though the actual death toll may be more than 200.{{Cite news |last=Upi |date=1984-03-26 |title=DEATH TOLL IN BRAZILIAN FIRE IS NOW PUT AT 508 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/26/world/death-toll-in-brazilian-fire-is-now-put-at-508.html |access-date=2023-05-11 |issn=0362-4331}}

The contamination of workers with persistent organic pollutants put the now defunct Rhodia into Greenpeace's top 10 world's worst corporate crimes ever in its report to Rio Summit in 1992.

Strong efforts were made to diminish pollution in the city, costing US$ 1.2 billion so far.{{when|date=May 2024}}{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Although things have improved a lot, it is impossible to completely clean the soil and groundwater and while many large industries continue to work in such a small area, there will always be some pollution.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

Cubatão was mentioned as the "world's most polluted town" in the Jello Biafra-Sepultura collaboration "Biotech is Godzilla" on the group's 1993 album Chaos A.D.

Cubatão is the name of an A La Carte song from 1981.{{Cite web|url=https://www.musixmatch.com/lyrics/A-la-Carte/Cubatao|title = A la Carte – Cubatao Lyrics}}

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• {{flagicon|BRA}} Taquaritinga, Brazil (1972){{cite web |title=LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 907, DE 09/04/1972 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal |url=http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1972/L0907.htm |publisher=Cubatão Municipal Council |trans-title=MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 907, FROM 1972-4-9 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529023830/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1972/L0907.htm |archive-date=29 May 2015 }}{{cite web |title=Um monumento à amizade (2) |url=http://www.novomilenio.inf.br/cubatao/cfoto058a.htm#Taquaritinga |publisher=Novo Milênio Electronic Journal |trans-title=A monument to friendship (2) |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015}}
• {{flagicon|BRA}} Conchal, Brazil (1986){{cite web |title=LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 1.594, DE 18/06/1986 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal |url=http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1986/L1594.htm |publisher=Cubatão Municipal Council |trans-title=MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 1,594, FROM 1986-6-18 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529044104/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1986/L1594.htm |archive-date=29 May 2015 }}{{cite web |title=Um monumento à amizade (2) |url=http://www.novomilenio.inf.br/cubatao/cfoto058a.htm#Conchal |publisher=Novo Milênio Electronic Journal |trans-title=A monument to friendship (2) |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015}}
• {{flagicon|BRA}} Peruíbe, Brazil (1991){{cite web |title=LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 1.976, DE 03/10/1991 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal |url=http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1991/L1976.htm |publisher=Cubatão Municipal Council |trans-title=MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 1,976, FROM 1991-10-3 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529030430/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1991/L1976.htm |archive-date=29 May 2015 }}{{cite web |title=Um monumento à amizade (2) |url=http://www.novomilenio.inf.br/cubatao/cfoto058a.htm#Peruibe |publisher=Novo Milênio Electronic Journal |trans-title=A monument to friendship (2) |language=pt |access-date=29 May 2015}}
• {{flagicon|BRA}} Serra Negra, Brazil (1991){{cite web |title=LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 1.993, DE 07/11/1991 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal |url=http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1991/L1993.htm |publisher=Cubatão Municipal Council |trans-title=MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 1,993, FROM 1991-11-7 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529031225/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1991/L1993.htm |archive-date=29 May 2015 }}{{cite web |title=Um monumento à amizade (2) |url=http://www.novomilenio.inf.br/cubatao/cfoto058a.htm#Serra%20Negra |publisher=Novo Milênio Electronic Journal |trans-title=A monument to friendship (2) |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015}}
• {{flagicon|BRA}} Águas de São Pedro, Brazil (1991){{cite web |title=LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 2.002, DE 18/11/1991 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal |url=http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1991/L2002.htm |publisher=Cubatão Municipal Council |trans-title=MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 2,002, FROM 1991-11-18 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174536/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1991/L2002.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}{{cite web |title=Um monumento à amizade (2) |url=http://www.novomilenio.inf.br/cubatao/cfoto058a.htm#SPedro |publisher=Novo Milênio Electronic Journal |trans-title=A monument to friendship (2) |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015}}
• {{flagicon|POR}} Aveiro, Portugal (1992){{cite web|title=LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 2.086, DE 17/09/1992 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal |url=http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1992/L2086.htm |publisher=Cubatão Municipal Council |trans-title=MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 2,086, FROM 1992-9-17 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529024014/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1992/L2086.htm |archive-date=29 May 2015 }}{{cite web |title=Um monumento à amizade (2) |url=http://www.novomilenio.inf.br/cubatao/cfoto058a.htm#Aveiro |publisher=Novo Milênio Electronic Journal |trans-title=A monument to friendship (2) |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015}}
• {{flagicon|CHI}} Melipilla, Chile (2005){{cite web |title=LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 3.047, DE 26/12/2005 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal |url=http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/2005/L3047.htm |publisher=Cubatão Municipal Council |trans-title=MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 3,047, FROM 2005-12-26 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation |language=pt |access-date=28 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529030813/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/2005/L3047.htm |archive-date=29 May 2015 }}

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{{Expand section|date=October 2022}}

Piaçaguera is a location within the city of Cubatão in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The Rodovia Cônego Domênico Rangoni highway, formerly known as the Piaçaguera-Guarujá highway, starts there. It connects the Via Anchieta to Guarujá, crossing the Bertioga canal. It is there that the climb through the Serra do Mar escarpment begins by way of the Santos-Jundiaí railway line.

"Piaçaguera" is a term from the Tupi language that means "old port" by way of the conjunction of the two words "peasaba" ("port") and "ûera" ("velho").Navarro, E. A. Método moderno de tupi antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos. 3ª edição. São Paulo. Global. 2005. p 118.

In telecommunications, the city was served by the Companhia Telefônica da Borda do Campo until 1975, when it began to be served by the Telecomunicações de São Paulo.{{Cite web|url=https://www.imprensaoficial.com.br/DO/BuscaDO2001Documento_11_4.aspx?link=/1973/ineditoriais/abril/24/p1/pag_0054_DUI6O3SN7V5CNe7E7ANSRTTG04F.pdf&pagina=54&data=24/04/1973&caderno=Ineditoriais&paginaordenacao=100054|title=Creation of Telesp - April 12, 1973|access-date=2024-05-26|website=www.imprensaoficial.com.br|language=Portuguese}} In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).{{Cite web|url=https://ri.telefonica.com.br/en/the-company/our-history/|title=Our History - Telefônica RI|access-date=2024-05-26|website=Telefônica}}

• List of municipalities in São Paulo

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.cubatao.sp.gov.br/ Cubatão web site]
• [http://www.encontracubatao.com.br/cubatao/ EncontraCubatão – Find everything about Cubatão city]

{{Geographic Location

| Centre = Cubatão

| North = Santo André

| Northeast =

| East = Santos

| Southeast =

| South = São Vicente

| Southwest =

| West = São Bernardo do Campo

| Northwest =

}}

{{São Paulo state|Metropolitana de São Paulo}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cubatao}}

Category:Populated places established in 1833

Category:Environmental disasters in South America

Category:1833 establishments in Brazil