CubeRover
{{Short description|Class of planetary rover}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = CubeRover
| names_list =
| image = Astrobotic's CubeRover (KSC-20220630-PH-GEB01 0096).jpeg
| image_caption = Astrobotic's CubeRover
| image_size =
| mission_type = Technology demonstrator
| operator = Astrobotic Lab and Carnegie Mellon University
| COSPAR_ID =
| SATCAT =
| website = {{URL|http://www.astrobotic.com}}
| mission_duration =
| distance_travelled =
| spacecraft = Iris[https://irislunarrover.space "Iris Lunar Rover".] Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute. [https://www.ri.cmu.edu/robot/iris/ Carnegie Mellon Unveils Lunar Rover "Iris".] Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.
| spacecraft_type = Robotic lunar rover
| spacecraft_bus = CubeRover
| launch_date = 8 January 2024 07:18:36 UTC
| launch_rocket = Vulcan Centaur VC2S
| launch_site = Cape Canaveral SLC-41
| launch_contractor = United Launch Alliance
| interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = rover
|object = Moon
|arrival_date = 23 February 2024 (originally planned)
|location = Planned: Mons Gruithuisen Gamma
}}
| instruments = Two cameras with 1936 × 1456 resolution
| trans_band = Wi-Fi
}}
CubeRover is a class of planetary rover with a standardized modular format meant to accelerate the pace of space exploration. The idea is equivalent to that of the successful CubeSat format, with standardized off-the-shelf components and architecture to assemble small units that will be all compatible, modular, and inexpensive.{{cite news |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/astrobotic-wins-nasa-award-produce-small-lunar-rover/ |title=Astrobotic wins NASA award to produce small lunar rover |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814140120/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/astrobotic-wins-nasa-award-produce-small-lunar-rover/ |archive-date=2019-08-14 |first=Lloyd |last=Campbell |work=Spaceflight Insider |date=18 March 2018}}
The rover class concept is being developed by Astrobotic Technology in partnership with Carnegie Mellon University, and it is partly funded by NASA awards. A Carnegie Mellon University initiative - completely independent of NASA awards - developed Iris, the first flightworthy CubeRover. It was launched on 8 January 2024 along with Peregrine Mission One.{{Cite news |last=Belam |first=Martin |date=2024-01-08 |title=Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2024/jan/08/nasa-peregrine-1-launch-rocket-moon-latest-news-updates-live |access-date=2024-01-08 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} Surface operations phased out along with landing of Peregrine lander due to excessive propellant leak.{{Cite news |last=Wattles |first=Jackie |last2=Fisher |first2=Kristin |date=2024-01-08 |title=Peregrine mission abandons moon landing attempt after suffering 'critical' fuel loss |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/08/world/peregrine-lunar-lander-anomaly-astrobotic-nasa-scn/index.html |access-date=2024-05-17 |work=CNN}}
Overview
=Concept=
The idea is to create a practical modular concept similar that used for CubeSats and apply it to rovers, effectively creating a new standardized architecture of small modular planetary rovers with compatible parts, systems, and even instruments so that each mission can be easily tailored to its objectives.{{cite news |url=https://www.space.com/40000-astrobotic-cuberover-moon-launch-2020.html |title=This Tiny Private CubeRover Could Reach the Moon by 2020 |first=David |last=Leonard |website=Space.com |date=16 March 2018}}{{cite news |url=https://www.autonomousvehicletech.com/articles/64-astrobotic-to-develop-cuberover-standard-for-planetary-surface-mobility |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209212622/https://www.autonomousvehicletech.com/articles/64-astrobotic-to-develop-cuberover-standard-for-planetary-surface-mobility |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 9, 2018 |title=Astrobotic to develop CubeRover standard for planetary surface mobility |first=Kevin |last=Jost |work=Autonomous Vehicle Technology |date=8 May 2018 }} The rovers are expendable and do not use solar arrays for electrical power, depending solely on non-rechargeable batteries. This allows it to be lighter, have a larger cooling radiator panel for electronics, and have a simpler avionics design. [https://andrewtallaksen.com/2018/02/19/cuberover-2-kg-lunar-rover/ CubeRover – 2-kg Lunar Rover]. Andrew Tallaksen's blog, lead systems engineer for CubeRover. 2018.
The CubeRover program intends that standardizing small rover design with a common architecture will open access to planetary bodies for companies, governments, and universities around the world at a low cost, while increasing functionality, just as the CubeSat has in Earth orbit. This would motivate other members of the space exploration community to develop new systems and instruments that are all compatible with the CubeRover's architecture.
=Development=
In May 2017 Astrobotic Technology, in partnership with Carnegie Mellon University, were selected by NASA's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) to receive a $125,000 award[https://www.sbir.gov/sbirsearch/detail/1425501 Cuberover for Lunar Resource Site Evaluation]. SBIR, US Government. Accessed on 8 December 2018. to develop a small lunar rover architecture capable of performing small-scale science and exploration on the Moon and other planetary surfaces. During Phase I, the team built a 2-kg rover and performed engineering studies to determine the architecture of a novel chassis, power, computing systems, software and navigation techniques.
In March 2018, the team was awarded funds to move on to Phase II, and under this agreement, Astrobotic and CMU were to produce a flight-ready rover with a mass of approximately {{cvt|2|kg|abbr=on}}.
In future missions, CubeRovers may be designed to take advantage of lander-based systems to shelter for the cold lunar night, that lasts for 14 Earth days. Similarly, future larger CubeRovers may be able to incorporate thermal insulation and systems qualified for ultra-low temperatures.
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://cuberover.com/ CubeRover official web site]
- [https://irislunarrover.space/ Iris Lunar Rover official web site]
- [https://www.astrobotic.com/2017/5/4/astrobotic-to-develop-cuberover-standard-for-planetary-surface-mobility Astrobotic to Develop CubeRover Standard for Planetary Surface Mobility] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209123917/https://www.astrobotic.com/2017/5/4/astrobotic-to-develop-cuberover-standard-for-planetary-surface-mobility |date=2018-12-09 }}. Astrobotic Technology. Press release on 4 May 2017.
- [https://www.astrobotic.com/2018/9/27/cuberover-to-develop-next-generation-planetary-rovers-in-luxembourg CubeRover to Develop Next Generation Planetary Rovers in Luxembourg]. Astrobotic Technology, press release on 27 September 2018.
- {{cite news |title=Astrobotic's Cuberover Program Awarded $2 Million Contract By NASA |date=October 2, 2019 |work=Astrobiotic |url=https://www.astrobotic.com/2019/10/2/astrobotic-s-cuberover-program-awarded-2-million-contract-by-nasa |access-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030221035/https://www.astrobotic.com/2019/10/2/astrobotic-s-cuberover-program-awarded-2-million-contract-by-nasa |url-status=dead }}
{{Lunar Rovers}}