Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation
{{also|Cuneiform (Unicode block)|Early Dynastic Cuneiform|l2=Early Dynastic Cuneiform (Unicode block)}}
{{for|a list of all numerals encoded in Unicode|Numerals in Unicode}}
{{Infobox Unicode block
|blockname = Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation
|rangestart = 12400
|rangeend = 1247F
|script1 = Cuneiform
|symbols = Numeric signs
Fractions
Punctuation
|5_0 = 103
|7_0 = 13
|note = {{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/ucd/|title=Unicode character database|work=The Unicode Standard|access-date=2023-07-26}}{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/enumeratedversions.html|title=Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard|work=The Unicode Standard|access-date=2023-07-26}}
}}
In Unicode, the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script is covered in three blocks in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP):
- U+12000–U+123FF Cuneiform
- U+12400–U+1247F Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation
- U+12480–U+1254F Early Dynastic Cuneiform
The sample glyphs in the chart file published by the Unicode Consortium[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U12000.pdf Cuneiform Unicode.org chart (PDF)] show the characters in their Classical Sumerian form (Early Dynastic period, mid 3rd millennium BCE). The characters as written during the 2nd and 1st millennia BCE, the era during which the vast majority of cuneiform texts were written, are considered font variants of the same characters.
Organization
The final proposal for Unicode encoding of the script was submitted by two cuneiform scholars working with an experienced Unicode proposal writer in June 2004.[http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2786.pdf Unicode cuneiform]
The base character inventory is derived from the list of Ur III signs compiled by the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative of UCLA based on the inventories of Miguel Civil, Rykle Borger (2003), and Robert Englund. Rather than opting for a direct ordering by glyph shape and complexity, according to the numbering of an existing catalogue, the Unicode order of glyphs was based on the Latin alphabetic order of their 'main' Sumerian transliteration as a practical approximation.
Block
{{Unicode chart Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation}}
Signs
:See also list of cuneiform signs.
The following table allows matching of Borger's 1981 and 2003 numbering with Unicode characters (after Anderson's [http://www.cuneiformsigns.org/SignList1.htm sign list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408005006/http://cuneiformsigns.org/SignList1.htm |date=2010-04-08 }})
The "primary" transliteration column has the glyphs' Sumerian values as given by the official glyph name, slightly modified here for legibility by including traditional assyriological symbols such as "x" rather than "TIMES". The exact Unicode names can be unambiguously recovered by prefixing,
"CUNEIFORM [NUMERIC] SIGN", replacing "TIMES" for "x", "PLUS" for "+" and "OVER" for "/", "ASTERISK" for "*", "H" for "Ḫ", "SH" for "Š", and switching to uppercase.
| class="wikitable sortable" | |||||
| Sign | Code point | Name | Borger (2003) | Borger (1981) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{cuneiform|𒀸}} | U+12038 | one AŠ | 001 | 1, from general Cuneiform_(Unicode_block) not this block | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐀}} | U+12400 | two AŠ | 002 | 2 | 2, = U+1212C |
| {{cuneiform|𒐁}} | U+12401 | three AŠ | 004 | 3, EŠ6 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐂}} | U+12402 | four AŠ | 215 | 124,42 | 4, LIMMU2, LIMM2, TAB.TAB |
| {{cuneiform|𒐃}} | U+12403 | five AŠ | 216 | 5, IA7, TAB.TAB.AŠ | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐄}} | U+12404 | six AŠ | 217 | 6, AŠ4, TAB.TAB.TAB | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐅}} | U+12405 | seven AŠ | 218 | 7, IMIN2, TAB.TAB.TAB.AŠ | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐆}} | U+12406 | eight AŠ | 219 | 8, USSU2, TAB.TAB.TAB.TAB | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐇}} | U+12407 | nine AŠ | 220 | 9, ILIMMU2, TAB.TAB.TAB.TAB.AŠ | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐈}} | U+12408 | three DIŠ | 834 | 593 | 3, 180, EŠ5 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐉}} | U+12409 | four DIŠ | 851; 852; 853 | 316 | 4, 240, ZA, LIMMU5, NIGIDALIMMU, = U+1235D |
| {{cuneiform|𒐊}} | U+1240A | five DIŠ | 861 | 598a | 5, 300, IA2 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐋}} | U+1240B | six DIŠ | 862 | 598b | 6, 360, AŠ3 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐌}} | U+1240C | seven DIŠ | 863 | 598c | 7, 420 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐍}} | U+1240D | eight DIŠ | 864 | 598d | 8, 480 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐎}} | U+1240E | nine DIŠ | 9, 540 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒐏}} | U+1240F | four U | 713 | 474 | 40, NIMIN |
| {{cuneiform|𒐐}} | U+12410 | five U | 714 | 475 | 50, NINNU |
| {{cuneiform|𒐑}} | U+12411 | six U | 715 | 476 | 60 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐒}} | U+12412 | seven U | 716 | 477 | 70 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐓}} | U+12413 | eight U | 717 | 478 | 80 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐔}} | U+12414 | nine U | 718 | 479 | 90 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐕}} | U+12415 | one GEŠ2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐖}} | U+12416 | two GEŠ2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐗}} | U+12417 | three GEŠ2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐘}} | U+12418 | four GEŠ2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐙}} | U+12419 | five GEŠ2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐚}} | U+1241A | six GEŠ2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐛}} | U+1241B | seven GEŠ2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐜}} | U+1241C | eight GEŠ2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐝}} | U+1241D | nine GEŠ2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐞}} | U+1241E | one GEŠU | 824 | 534 | GEŠ2.U; 600 or 70 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐟}} | U+1241F | two GEŠU | 1200 or 80 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒐠}} | U+12420 | three GEŠU | 1800 or 90 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒐡}} | U+12421 | four GEŠU | 2400 or 100 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒐢}} | U+12422 | five GEŠU | 3000 or 110 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒐣}} | U+12423 | two ŠAR2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐤}} | U+12424 | three ŠAR2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐥}} | U+12425 | three ŠAR2 variant form | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐦}} | U+12426 | four ŠAR2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐧}} | U+12427 | five ŠAR2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐨}} | U+12428 | six ŠAR2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐩}} | U+12429 | seven ŠAR2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐪}} | U+1242A | eight ŠAR2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐫}} | U+1242B | nine ŠAR2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐬}} | U+1242C | one ŠARU | 653 | 409 | 36,000 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐭}} | U+1242D | two ŠARU | 72,000 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒐮}} | U+1242E | three ŠARU | 108,000 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒐯}} | U+1242F | three ŠARU variant form | 108,000 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒐰}} | U+12430 | four ŠARU | 144,000 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒐱}} | U+12431 | five ŠARU | 180,000 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒐲}} | U+12432 | ŠAR2 x GAL.DIŠ | 651 | 408 | 216,000 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐳}} | U+12433 | ŠAR2 x GAL.MIN | 652 | 408 | 432,000 |
| {{cuneiform|𒐴}} | U+12434 | one BURU | 662 | 350,8 | U gunû |
| {{cuneiform|𒐵}} | U+12435 | two BURU | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐶}} | U+12436 | three BURU | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐷}} | U+12437 | three BURU variant form | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐸}} | U+12438 | four BURU | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐹}} | U+12439 | five BURU | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒐺}} | U+1243A | EŠ16 | 505 | 3, = U+1203C | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐻}} | U+1243B | EŠ21 | 210 | 3 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐼}} | U+1243C | LIMMU | 859; 860 | 4, NIG2, GAR, NINDA | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐽}} | U+1243D | LIMMU4 | 506 | 4 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒐾}} | U+1243E | ||||
| {{cuneiform|𒐿}} | U+1243F | ||||
| {{cuneiform|𒑀}} | U+12440 | AŠ9 | 536 | 6, EŠ16.EŠ16 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑁}} | U+12441 | IMIN3 | 537 | 7, UMUN9 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑂}} | U+12442 | IMIN | 863 | 7 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑃}} | U+12443 | IMIN variant form | 866 | 7 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑄}} | U+12444 | USSU | 867 | 8 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑅}} | U+12445 | USSU3 | 538 | 8 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑆}} | U+12446 | ILIMMU | 868 | 9 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑇}} | U+12447 | ILIMMU3 | 539 | 9, EŠ16.EŠ16.EŠ16 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑈}} | U+12448 | ILIMMU4 | 577 | 9 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑉}} | U+12449 | DIŠ / DIŠ / DIŠ | 865v | 9 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑊}} | U+1244A | two AŠ tenû | 593 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒑋}} | U+1244B | three AŠ tenû | 629 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒑌}} | U+1244C | four AŠ tenû | 854 | 379; 380 | ZA tenû, ERIM tenû |
| {{cuneiform|𒑍}} | U+1244D | five AŠ tenû | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑎}} | U+1244E | six AŠ tenû | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑏}} | U+1244F | one BAN2 | 122 | = U+12047 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑐}} | U+12450 | two BAN2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑑}} | U+12451 | three BAN2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑒}} | U+12452 | four BAN2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑓}} | U+12453 | four BAN2 variant form | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑔}} | U+12454 | five BAN2 | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑕}} | U+12455 | five BAN2 variant form | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑖}} | U+12456 | NIGIDAMIN | 847, 848 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒑗}} | U+12457 | NIGIDAEŠ | 850 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒑘}} | U+12458 | one EŠE3 | = U+12041, U+12300 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒑙}} | U+12459 | two EŠE3 | = U+12049 | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒑚}} | U+1245A | one third | 826 | 571 | ŠUŠANA |
| {{cuneiform|𒑛}} | U+1245B | two thirds | 832 | 572 | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑜}} | U+1245C | five sixths | 838 | 573 | KINGUSILA |
| {{cuneiform|𒑝}} | U+1245D | one third variant form | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑞}} | U+1245E | two thirds variant form | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑟}} | U+1245F | one eighth | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑠}} | U+12460 | one quarter | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑡}} | U+12461 | Old Assyrian one sixth | 630 | Kültepe only | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑢}} | U+12462 | Old Assyrian one quarter | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑰}} | U+12470 | Old Assyrian word divider | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒑱}} | U+12471 | vertical colon | 592 | Glossenkeil | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑲}} | U+12472 | diagonal colon | 592 | Glossenkeil | |
| {{cuneiform|𒑳}} | U+12473 | diagonal tricolon |
History
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation block:
{{sticky header}}
| class="wikitable collapsible sticky-header" | |||||
| Version | {{nobr|Final code points}} | Count | L2 ID | WG2 ID | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rowspan="34" | 5.0 | rowspan="34" | U+12400..12462, 12470..12473 | rowspan="34" | 103 | {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00128-pastscripts.pdf L2/00-128]}} | {{Citation|title=Scripts from the Past in Future Versions of Unicode|date=2000-03-01|first=Carl-Martin|last=Bunz}} | |
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00153-bunz.htm L2/00-153]}} | {{Citation|title=Further comments on historic scripts|date=2000-04-26|first=Carl-Martin|last=Bunz}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00398-Cuneiform.txt L2/00-398]}} | {{Citation|title=Cuneiform: From Clay Tablet to Computer|date=2000-11-07|first=Dean|last=Snyder}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00419-n2297-cunei.pdf L2/00-419]}} | [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2297.pdf N2297] | {{Citation|title=Legacy cuneiform font implementations and the ICE project|date=2000-11-20|first=Michael|last=Everson|author-link=Michael Everson}} | |||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03162-n2585-cuneiform.pdf L2/03-162]}} | [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2585.pdf N2585] | {{Citation|title=Basic principles for the encoding of Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform|date=2003-05-25|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Karljürgen|last2=Feuerherm}} | |||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03415-cuneiform.pdf L2/03-415]}} | {{Citation|title=Proposal to Encode the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform Script in the UCS|date=2003-11-01|first=Dean|last=Snyder}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03393r-cuneiform.pdf L2/03-393R]}} | [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2664.pdf N2664R] | {{Citation|title=Preliminary proposal to encode Cuneiform script in the SMP of the UCS|date=2003-11-03|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Karljürgen|last2=Feuerherm|first3=Steve|last3=Tinney}} | |||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03416-cep-anderson.txt L2/03-416]}} | {{Citation|title=The Cuneiform Encoding Proposal -- a View of its Current Status|date=2003-11-03|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04080-n2664r-delta.pdf L2/04-080]}} | {{Citation|title=Rationale for changes to N2664R|date=2004-01-24|first=Steve|last=Tinney}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04036-n2698-cuneiform.pdf L2/04-036]}} | [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2698.pdf N2698] | {{Citation|title=Revised proposal to encode Cuneiform script in the SMP of the UCS|date=2004-01-29|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Karljürgen|last2=Feuerherm|first3=Steve|last3=Tinney}} | |||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04041-fitting-cuneiform.pdf L2/04-041]}} | {{Citation|title=Fitting Cuneiform Encoding to Cuneiform Script|date=2004-01-29|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04059-feuerherm-cuneiform.txt L2/04-059]}} | {{Citation|title=Short Response to L2/04-041 "Fitting Cuneiform Encoding to Cuneiform Script"|date=2004-01-30|first=Karljürgen|last=Feuerherm}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04063-gewecke.txt L2/04-063]}} | {{Citation|title=Re: Cuneiform at UTC|date=2004-01-30|first=Tom|last=Gewecke}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04056-veldhuis-cuneiform.txt L2/04-056]}} | {{Citation|title=Letter re "Cuneiform Unicode"|date=2004-01-31|first=Niek|last=Veldhuis}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04057-jones-cuneiform.txt L2/04-057]}} | {{Citation|title=Letter re "Cuneiform"|date=2004-02-01|first=Charles E.|last=Jones}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04058-michalowski-cuneiform.txt L2/04-058]}} | {{Citation|title=Letter re "cuneiform unicode"|date=2004-02-01|first=Piotr|last=Michalowski}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04064-cooper.txt L2/04-064]}} | {{Citation|title=Letter re "unicode proposal"|date=2004-02-01|first=Jerry|last=Cooper}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04066-durusau.txt L2/04-066]}} | {{Citation|title=Letter re "Proposal N2698"|date=2004-02-02|first=Patrick|last=Durusau}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04081-black-cuneiform.txt L2/04-081]}} | {{Citation|title=Letter re "cuneiform Unicode proposal"|date=2004-02-02|first=Jeremy|last=Black|author-link=Jeremy Black (assyriologist)}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04086-anderson-notes.pdf L2/04-086]}} | {{Citation|title=Notes for verbal presentation to UTC meeting, 3 February 2004|date=2004-02-03|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04099-num-unification.pdf L2/04-099]}} | {{Citation|title=Unification of cuneiform numbers|date=2004-02-09|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04225-anderson.pdf L2/04-225]}} | {{Citation|title=Proposed modifications to introductory text of N2798 = L204-189 Proposal for Cuneiform Encoding|date=2004-06-07|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04189-n2786-cuneiform.pdf L2/04-189]}} | [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2786.pdf N2786] | {{Citation|title=Final proposal to encode Cuneiform script|date=2004-06-08|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Karljürgen|last2=Feuerherm|first3=Steve|last3=Tinney}} | |||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04223r-anderson.pdf L2/04-223R]}} | {{Citation|title=Proposed modifications to delete and add signs to N2798 = L204-189 Proposal for Cuneiform Encoding|date=2004-06-11|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04354-cuneiform-props.html L2/04-354]}} | {{Citation|title=Cuneiform Properties|date=2004-09-20|first=Rick|last=McGowan}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05135r-cuneiform-fix.pdf L2/05-135]}} | {{Citation|title=Corrections to N2786|date=2005-05-10|first=Steve|last=Tinney}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05174-irish-cmt.txt L2/05-174]}} | {{Citation|title=Irish comments on Cuneiform|date=2005-07-28|first=Michael|last=Everson}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05108.htm L2/05-108R]}} | {{Citation|title=UTC #103 Minutes|date=2005-08-26|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=Cuneiform (C.17)}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2953.pdf N2953 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2953.doc doc]) | {{Citation|title=Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15|date=2006-02-16|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|section=M47.12}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12112.htm L2/12-112]}} | {{Citation|title=UTC #131 / L2 #228 Minutes|date=2012-05-17|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=Consensus 131-C30|quote=Change the numeric values for 1240F..12414 to 40..90, for Unicode 6.2.}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12240-prop-issues-62.pdf L2/12-240]}} | {{Citation|title=Property Issues for U6.2|date=2012-07-20|first=Mark|last=Davis|author-link=Mark Davis (Unicode)}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12239.htm L2/12-239]}} | {{Citation|title=UTC #132 Minutes|date=2012-08-14|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=Consensus 132-C19|quote=Give U+12432 and U+12433 the numeric type "numeric" and the numeric values 216,000, and 432,000 respectively. Make U+12456 and 12457 have the numeric type "numeric" and value "-1".}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12328-cuneiform-props.pdf L2/12-328]}} | {{Citation|title=Numeric value fixes for two cuneiform characters|date=2012-10-16|first=Deborah|last=Anderson}} | ||||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-133-2012011.html L2/12-343R2]}} | {{Citation|title=UTC #133 Minutes|date=2012-12-04|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=Consensus 133-C30|quote=Change the numeric value of U+12456 to 2 and U+12457 to 3, for Unicode 6.3.}} | ||||
| rowspan="3" | 7.0 | rowspan="3" | U+12463..1246E, 12474 | rowspan="3" | 13 | {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12002-n4178-cuneiform-add.pdf L2/12-002]}} | [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4178.pdf N4178R] | {{Citation|title=Proposal for additions and corrections to Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform|date=2012-01-16|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Steve|last2=Tinney}} |
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12207r-n4277r-cuneiform-add.pdf L2/12-207R]}} | [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4277.pdf N4277R] | {{Citation|title=Proposal for additions and corrections to Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform|date=2012-07-31|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Steve|last2=Tinney}} | |||
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12239.htm L2/12-239]}} | {{Citation|title=UTC #132 Minutes|date=2012-08-14|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=C.3}} | ||||
| class="sortbottom"
| colspan="6" | {{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names}} |
See also
References
- Rylke Borger, Assyrisch-Babylonische Zeichenliste, 2nd ed., Neukirchen-Vluyn (1981)
- Rylke Borger, [http://www.jhu.edu/ice/BorgerMZ/BorgerMZ.html Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon], Münster (2003). *Michael Everson, Karljürgen Feuerherm, Steve Tinney, [http://www.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2786.pdf "Final proposal to encode the Cuneiform script in the SMP of the UCS"], ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2786 (2004).
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100406040208/http://cuneiformsigns.org/ cuneiformsigns.org] by Lloyd Anderson
- [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U12000.pdf Cuneiform Unicode.org chart (PDF)]
- [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U12400.pdf Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation Unicode.org chart (PDF)]
=Font packages=
- [http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/ Akkadian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721083505/http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/Akkadian256.zip |date=2011-07-21 }} (reproduces the Sumerian (3rd millennium BC) glyphs given in the Unicode ([https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U12000.pdf reference chart]), by [http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/ George Douros] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721083505/http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/Akkadian256.zip |date=2011-07-21 }}.
- {{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927202708/http://flaez.ch/freeidg.html FreeIdgSerif] (branched off FreeSerif), encodes some 390 Old Assyrian (2nd millennium BC) glyphs used in Hittite cuneiform.
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