Cuneiform bones#Other animals

{{Short description|Three bones in the human foot}}

{{Distinguish|text=the cuneiform cartilages}}

{{Infobox bone

| Name = Cuneiform bones; Cuneiform

| Latin = os cuneiformis
pl. ossa cuneiformia

| Image = Cuneiform bone animation01.gif

| Caption = Red=medial; yellow=intermediate; green=lateral

| Image2 = Left Cuneiform bone animation01.gif

| Caption2 = Cuneiform bones of the left foot

| Articulations =

}}

There are three cuneiform ("wedge-shaped") bones in the human foot:

  • the first or medial cuneiform
  • the second or intermediate cuneiform, also known as the middle cuneiform
  • the third or lateral cuneiform

They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone.{{cite book |last1=Bojsen-Møller |first1=Finn |last2=Simonsen |first2=Erik B. |last3=Tranum-Jensen |first3=Jørgen| year=2001 |title=Bevægeapparatets anatomi |edition=12th |language=da |trans-title=Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus | isbn =978-87-628-0307-7|page=245 }}

Structure

There are three cuneiform bones:

  1. The medial cuneiform (also known as first cuneiform) is the largest of the cuneiforms. It is situated at the medial side of the foot, anterior to the navicular bone and posterior to the base of the first metatarsal. Lateral to it is the intermediate cuneiform. It articulates with four bones: the navicular, second cuneiform, and first and second metatarsals. The tibialis anterior and fibularis longus muscle inserts at the medial cuneiform bone.
  2. The intermediate cuneiform (second cuneiform or middle cuneiform) is shaped like a wedge, the thin end pointing downwards. The intermediate cuneiform is situated between the other two cuneiform bones (the medial and lateral cuneiforms), and articulates with the navicular posteriorly, the second metatarsal anteriorly and with the other cuneiforms on either side.
  3. The lateral cuneiform (also known as third cuneiform or external cuneiform) intermediate in size between the other two cuneiform bones, is also wedge-shaped, the base being uppermost. It occupies the center of the front row of the tarsal bones, between the intermediate cuneiform medially, the cuboid laterally, the navicular posteriorly and the third metatarsal in front. The tibialis posterior inserts at the lateral cuneiform, while the flexor hallucis brevis originates from it.{{cite book |last1=Bojsen-Møller |first1=Finn |last2=Simonsen |first2=Erik B. |last3=Tranum-Jensen |first3=Jørgen| year=2001 |title=Bevægeapparatets anatomi |edition=12th |language=da |trans-title=Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus | isbn =978-87-628-0307-7|pages=364–367 }}

{{Further|Dorsal cuneocuboid ligament}}

=Muscle attachments=

Injuries

  • Lisfranc fracture – in which one or all of the metatarsals are displaced from the tarsus[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Lisfranc%27s+fracture TheFreeDictionary > Lisfranc's fracture] Citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
  • Cuneiform fracture - Due to the ligamentous support of the midfoot, isolated cuneiform fractures are rare {{cite journal |author=Mabry LM, Patti TN, Ross MD, Bleakley CM, Gisselman AS|title=Isolated Medial Cuneiform Fractures: A Systematic Search and Qualitative Analysis of Case Studies |journal=J Am Podiatr Med Assoc |volume=111|issue=4 |pages=1–9 |date=July 2021 |pmid=34478529 |doi= 10.7547/20-047|s2cid=225705519 |url=https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/1f56b6ed-360c-4cda-b74e-0f8ec590c890 }}

Additional images

Gray268.png|Bones of the right foot. Dorsal surface.

Image:Gray269.png|Bones of the right foot. Plantar Surface.

Image:Gray290.png|Skeleton of foot. Medial aspect.

Image:Gray291.png|Skeleton of foot. Lateral aspect.

Image:Gray360.png|Oblique section of left intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations, showing the synovial cavities.

Image:Ospied-en.svg|Bones of foot

File:Slide29DEN.JPG|Cuneiform. Superior view.

File:Slide31DEN.JPG|Cuneiform. Superior view.

Other animals

{{expand section|date=April 2015}}

See also

{{Anatomy-terms}}

  • Cuneiform, for writing by pressing a wedge-shaped reed into wet clay.

References

{{Commons category|Cuneiform bones}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Bones of lower extremity}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuneiform (Anatomy)}}

Category:Bones of the foot

Category:Tarsal bones