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Current Procedural Terminology

{{short description|Procedural classification used in the United States}}

{{Infobox technology standard

| title = Current Procedural Terminology

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| abbreviation = CPT

| status = Published

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| version = CPT 2021

| version_date = October 2021

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| organization = American Medical Association

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| editors = CPT Editorial Panel

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| domain = Medical classification

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| website = {{URL|https://www.ama-assn.org/amaone/cpt-current-procedural-terminology}}

}}

The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code set is a procedural code set developed by the American Medical Association (AMA). It is maintained by the CPT Editorial Panel.[http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/solutions-managing-your-practice/coding-billing-insurance/cpt/cpt-process-faq/code-becomes-cpt.page AMA (CPT) CPT Process] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511115308/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/solutions-managing-your-practice/coding-billing-insurance/cpt/cpt-process-faq/code-becomes-cpt.page |date=May 11, 2016 }} The CPT code set describes medical, surgical, and diagnostic services and is designed to communicate uniform information about medical services and procedures among physicians, coders, patients, accreditation organizations, and payers for administrative, financial, and analytical purposes. New editions are released each October,{{cite book|author=Laura Southard Durham|title=Lippincott Williams and Wilkins' Administrative Medical Assisting|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b9NyTDdaEEsCandpg|access-date=26 May 2011|date=1 June 2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams and Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-9789-4|pages=2–}} with CPT 2021 being in use since October 2021. It is available in both a standard edition and a professional edition.{{cite book|author1=Michelle Abraham|author2=Jay T. Ahlman|author3=Angela J. Boudreau |author4=Judy L. Connelly |author5=Desiree D. Evans |author6=Rejina L Glenn|title=CPT 2011 Standard Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZv5RQAACAAJ|access-date=26 May 2011|date=30 October 2010|publisher=American Medical Association Press|isbn=978-1-60359-216-1}}{{cite book|author1=American Medical Association|author2=American Medical Association (COR)|author3=Michelle Abraham |author4=Jay T. Ahlman |author5=Angela J. Boudreau |author6=Judy L. Connelly|title=CPT 2011 Professional Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-FP1RQAACAAJ|access-date=26 May 2011|date=30 October 2010|publisher=American Medical Association Press|isbn=978-1-60359-217-8}}

CPT coding is similar to ICD-10-CM coding, except that it identifies the services rendered, rather than the diagnosis on the claim. Whilst the ICD-10-PCS codes also contains procedure codes, those are only used in the inpatient setting.{{cite journal|title=Overview of inpatient coding |journal=American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy |date=1 November 2003 |first=Sherri, Pharm.D. |last=Alexander |volume=60 |issue=21 Suppl 6 |pages=S11-4 |doi=10.1093/ajhp/60.suppl_6.S11 |pmid=14619128 |url=http://www.ashp.org/s_ashp/docs/files/Suppl6_Alexander.pdf |access-date=30 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917102527/https://www.ashp.org/s_ashp/docs/files/Suppl6_Alexander.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2012 }}

CPT is identified by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) as Level 1 of the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System. Although its use has become federally regulated, the CPT's copyright has not entered the public domain. Users of the CPT code set must pay license fees to the AMA.

Types of code

{{Update section|date=April 2022|list is outdated}}

There are three types of CPT code: Category I, Category II, and Category III.{{cite web | title = Criteria for CPT® Category I and Category III codes | publisher = American Medical Association | url = https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/cpt/criteria-cpt-category-i-and-category-iii-codes | access-date = 22 September 2020}}

=Category I=

Category I CPT Code(s). There are six main sections:{{cite book|author=Marie A. Moisio|title=Medical Terminology for Insurance and Coding|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HjYEikV_n6MCandpg|access-date=26 May 2011|date=8 April 2009|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-4283-0426-0|pages=80–}}

== Medicare specific codes (HCPCS) for Preventive evaluation and management ==

==Codes for evaluation and management: 99201–99499==

{{see|Evaluation and Management Coding}}

==Codes for anesthesia: 00100–01999; 99100–99150==

==Codes for surgery: 10000–69990==

==Codes for radiology: 70000–79999==

==Codes for pathology and laboratory: 80000–89398==

==Codes for medicine: 90281–99099; 99151–99199; 99500–99607==

=Category II=

CPT II codes describe clinical components usually included in evaluation and management of clinical services and are not associated with any relative value. Category II codes are reviewed by the Performance Measures Advisory Group (PMAG), an advisory body to the CPT Editorial Panel and the CPT/HCPAC Advisory Committee. The PMAG is composed of performance measurement experts representing the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the American Medical Association (AMA), the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) and the Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement. The PMAG may seek additional expertise and/or input from other national health care organizations, as necessary, for the development of Category II codes. These may include national medical specialty societies, other national health care professional associations, accrediting bodies and federal regulatory agencies.

Category II codes make use of an alphabetical character as the 5th character in the string (i.e., 4 digits followed by the letter F). These digits are not intended to reflect the placement of the code in the regular (Category I) part of the CPT codebook. Appendix H in CPT section contains information about performance measurement exclusion of modifiers, measures, and the measures' source(s). Currently there are 11 Category II codes. They are:

  • (0001F–0015F) Composite measures
  • (0500F–0584F) Patient management
  • (1000F–1505F) Patient history
  • (2000F–2060F) Physical examination
  • (3006F–3776F) Diagnostic/screening processes or results
  • (4000F–4563F) Therapeutic, preventive or other interventions
  • (5005F–5250F) Follow-up or other outcomes
  • (6005F–6150F) Patient safety
  • (7010F–7025F) Structural measures
  • (9001F–9007F) Non-measure claims-based reporting

CPT II codes are billed in the procedure code field, just as CPT Category I codes are billed. Because CPT II codes are not associated with any relative value, they are billed with a $0.00 billable charge amount.AMA coding manual

=Category III=

  • Category III CPT Code(s) – Emerging technology (Category III codes: 0016T-0207TCPT 2010)

Major psychotherapy and psychiatry revisions

The CPT code revisions in 2013 were part of a periodic five-year review of codes. Some psychotherapy codes changed numbers, for example 90806 changed to 90834 for individual psychotherapy of a similar duration. Add-on codes were created for the complexity of communication about procedures. Family therapy and psychological testing codes were among those that were unchanged.{{cite web|last=Centore|first=Anthony|title=The 2013 Psychotherapy Codes: An Overview for Psychologists|url=https://www.apaservices.org/practice/reimbursement/billing/psychotherapy-codes|publisher=American Psychological Association|access-date=7 August 2020}}

Criticism of copyright

CPT is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association and its largest single source of income.{{cite news|title=Those Indecipherable Medical Bills? They're One Reason Health Care Costs So Much|first=Elisabeth|last=Rosenthal|author-link=Elisabeth Rosenthal|date=2017-03-29|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/magazine/those-indecipherable-medical-bills-theyre-one-reason-health-care-costs-so-much.html}} The AMA holds the copyright for the CPT coding system.[http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/solutions-managing-your-practice/coding-billing-insurance/cpt/cpt-products-services/licensing.page AMA (CPT) CPT Licensing] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021071833/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/solutions-managing-your-practice/coding-billing-insurance/cpt/cpt-products-services/licensing.page |date=October 21, 2016 }} However, in Practice Management v. American Medical Association{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/atr/case/practice-management-information-corp-v-american-medical-association|title=Practice Management Info. v. American Medical Ass'n, 121 F. 3d 516 - Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit 1997|date=25 June 2015|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013201715/http://www.justice.gov/atr/case/practice-management-information-corp-v-american-medical-association |archive-date=2015-10-13 }} the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that while the AMA owned the copyright, it could not enjoin a competitor on the basis that the AMA had misused its copyright.{{Cite journal|last=Pamela|first=Samuelson|date=2007|title=Questioning Copyrights in Standards|url=https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/bclr/vol48/iss1/8/|journal=Boston College Law Review|language=en|volume=48|issue=1}} Practice Management had argued that the publication of the CPT into federal regulation invalidated the copyright; the general debate around copyright and regulation access was revived in 2012{{Citation |last=Contreras|first=Jorge|date=2013-04-10|title=Technical Standards and Bioinformatics|language=en|volume=BIOINFORMATICS LAW|ssrn=2313788}} by a petition motivated by an Administrative Conference of the United States recommendation.{{Cite web|url=https://www.acus.gov/sites/default/files/Recommendation-2011-5-Incorporation-by-Reference.pdf|title=Administrative Conference Recommendation 2011-5 Incorporation by Reference Adopted December 8, 2011|publisher=Administrative Conference of the United States|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531200809/https://www.acus.gov/sites/default/files/Recommendation-2011-5-Incorporation-by-Reference.pdf|archive-date=2018-05-31|url-status=live|access-date=2018-05-31}}

Despite the copyrighted nature of the CPT code sets, the use of the code is mandated by almost all health insurance payment and information systems, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), and the data for the code sets appears in the Federal Register. It is necessary for most users of the CPT code (principally providers of services) to pay license fees for access to the code.{{Cite web |url=http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/37/2009-annual-report.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703052856/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/37/2009-annual-report.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-03 |url-status=dead }}

In the past, AMA offered a limited search of the CPT manual for personal, non-commercial use on its website.AMA (2012). "cpt® Code/Relative Value Search". Retrieved from {{cite web|url=https://ocm.ama-assn.org/OCM/CPTRelativeValueSearch.do |title=CodeManager: Standard | CPT® Code/Relative Value Search |access-date=2011-07-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326031927/https://ocm.ama-assn.org/OCM/CPTRelativeValueSearch.do |archive-date=2016-03-26 }}. CPT codes can be looked up on the AAPC (American Academy of Professional Coders) website.{{cite web|url=https://www.aapc.com/codes/cpt-codes-range/|title=CPT Codes Lookup|accessdate=2022-09-14}}

History

As the AMA decided in April 1960, the Current Medical Terminology (CMT) handbook was first published in June 1962 – 1963 to standardize terminology of the Standard Nomenclature of Diseases and Operations (SNDO) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD), and for the analysis of patient records, and was aided by an IBM computer.{{cite journal |date=April 1962 |title=AMA to Publish Handbook of Medical Terminology |url=https://archive.org/details/7505622X1.nlm.nih.gov/page/n341 |journal=Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association |pages=16–17 }} Procedural information was dropped in the transition from the SNDO to CMT, but was released separately as the Current Procedural Terminology in 1966.{{cite book|last1=Moriyama|first1=IM|last2=Loy|first2=RM|last3=Robb-Smith|first3=AHT|title=History of the statistical classification of diseases and causes of death|editor1-last=Rosenberg|editor1-first=HM|editor2-last=Hoyert|editor2-first=DL|location=Hyattsville, MD|publisher=National Center for Health Statistics|year=2011|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/classification_diseases2011.pdf|page=7}}{{cite book|chapter=Medical Coding in the United States: Introduction and Historical Overview|first=Karen R|last=Borman|page=4|title=Principles of Coding and Reimbursement for Surgeons|editor1-first=Mark|editor1-last=Savarise|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Senkowski|publisher=Springer|year=2016|isbn=9783319435954|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXjQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA4}}

See also

References

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External links

  • [https://ocm.ama-assn.org/OCM/CPTRelativeValueSearch.do Official site] by the AMA
  • [https://www.aapc.com/resources/medical-coding/cpt.aspx What is CPT®] by the AAPC
  • [https://www.aapc.com/codes/cpt-codes-range CPT Codes Lookup] by the AAPC
  • [https://medicalbillingrcm.com/list-of-cpt-codes-in-medical-billing-and-coding List of CPT Codes in Medical Billing] by the MBRCM

{{Medical classification}}

Category:Medical manuals

Category:American Medical Association

Category:Clinical procedure classification