Cygnus Orb-D1

{{Infobox spaceflight

| name = Orbital-D1

| image = Cygnus 1 grappled by Canadarm2 (a).jpg

| image_caption = Canadarm2 grapples the S.S. G. David Low

| mission_type = {{Hlist|Test flight|ISS resupply

}}

| operator = Orbital Sciences Corporation

| mission_duration = {{time interval|18 September 2013 14:58:02|23 October 2013 18:16|show=dhm|sep=,}}

| spacecraft = S.S. G. David Low

| spacecraft_type = Standard Cygnus

| manufacturer = {{Ubl|Orbital Sciences Corporation|Thales Alenia Space}}

| launch_mass = {{cvt|4127|kg}}

| payload_mass = {{cvt|700|kg}}

| launch_date = {{Start date text|18 September 2013, 14:58:02|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}UTC (10:58:02{{nbsp}}am{{nbsp}}EDT)

| launch_rocket = Antares 110

| launch_site = MARS, Pad 0A

| disposal_type = Deorbited

| decay_date = {{End date text|23 October 2013, 18:16|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}UTC

| orbit_reference = Geocentric orbit{{cite web|url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=39258|title=CYGNUS|publisher=N2YO.com|access-date=24 May 2021}}

| orbit_regime = Low Earth orbit

| orbit_inclination = 51.65°

| apsis = gee

| docking = {{Infobox spaceflight/Dock

| docking_target = ISS

| docking_type = berth

| docking_port = Harmony nadir

| capture_date = 29 September 2013, 11:00{{nbsp}}UTC

| docking_date = 29 September 2013, 12:44{{nbsp}}UTC

| undocking_date = 22 October 2013, 10:04{{nbsp}}UTC

| release_date = 22 October 2013, 11:31{{nbsp}}UTC

| time_docked = {{time interval|29 September 2013, 12:44|22 October 2013, 10:04|show=dhm|sep=,}}

}}

| insignia = Orb-D1 mission emblem.png

| insignia_caption = Orbital mission patch

| programme = Commercial Orbital Transportation Services

| previous_mission = Antares A-ONE

| next_mission =

| programme2 = Cygnus flights

| previous_mission2 =

| next_mission2 = Orbital-1

}}

Orbital-D1,{{cite web |title=Orbital D-1 |url=https://www.issnationallab.org/launches/orbital-d1/ |website=ISS National Lab |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525100911/https://www.issnationallab.org/launches/orbital-d1/ |archive-date=25 May 2021 |date=September 2013 |url-status=live}} also known as Orb-D1,{{cite web |title=ISS Daily Summary Report – 09/16/13 |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2013/09/16/ |website=NASA |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525100912/https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2013/09/16/ |archive-date=25 May 2021 |date=16 September 2013 |quote=Orbital-D1 (Orb-D1) Launch Preparations... |url-status=live}} and Cygnus 1,{{cite web|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/index.html|title=Worldwide Launch Schedule |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=3 October 2012|access-date=3 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911172414/http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/index.html|archive-date=11 September 2013}} was the first flight of the Cygnus cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It was named after the late NASA astronaut and Orbital Sciences executive G. David Low. The flight was carried out by Orbital Sciences under contract to NASA as Cygnus' demonstration mission in the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program. The mission launched on 18 September 2013 at 14:58:02 UTC. Cygnus was the seventh type of spacecraft to visit the International Space Station (ISS), after the crewed Soyuz and Space Shuttle, and uncrewed Progress, ATV, HTV and Dragon 1.

Spacecraft

The Cygnus Orb-D1 mission was the first flight of the Cygnus spacecraft and used the standard configuration with a Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM),{{cite web |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/cygnus-pcm.htm|title=Cygnus PCM|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|date=11 December 2017|access-date=24 May 2021}} built by Thales Alenia Space, in Italy.{{cite web|url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/MissionUpdates/Orb-D1/files/8%20Cygnus%20Overview.pdf|title=Cygnus Spacecraft: Cygnus Overview|publisher=Orbital Sciences|date=14 September 2013}}

Orbital named this mission's Cygnus spacecraft the G. David Low after the former NASA astronaut and Orbital employee who died of cancer on 15 March 2008.{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cygnus-cargo-ship-captured-by-international-space-station/|title=Cygnus cargo ship captured by International Space Station|publisher=CBS News|first=William|last=Harwood|date=29 September 2013|access-date=9 January 2014}}{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/19/AR2008031903469.html|title=G. David Low, 52: Cerebral Astronaut Flew on 3 Shuttles|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Joe|last=Holley|date=20 March 2008|access-date=9 January 2014}} During a media briefing for the Cygnus Orb-1 mission, Orbital Sciences executive vice president Frank Culbertson stated, "We were very proud to name that {{interp|Cygnus}} the G. David Low".{{cite news|url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-120913a.html|title=Orbital names next space station freighter for late pilot-astronaut|publisher=collectSPACE|first=Robert Z.|last=Pearlman|date=9 December 2013|access-date=9 December 2013}}

Launch and early operations

Cygnus Orb-D1 was launched by an Antares 110 launch vehicle flying from Pad 0A at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS).{{cite news|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/orbital-upbeat-ahead-of-antares-debut/|title=Space industry giants Orbital upbeat ahead of Antares debut|publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |last=Bergin|first=Chris|date=22 February 2012|access-date=29 March 2012}} The launch took place at 14:58:02{{nbsp}}UTC on 18 September 2013, and successfully inserted the Cygnus into low Earth orbit. The launch marked the second flight of the Antares launch vehicle and the final flight of the interim Antares 110 configuration.{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceflight101live.com/antares-launch-cygnus-orb-d-mission.html|title=Antares - Cygnus Orb-D1 Launch|publisher=Spaceflight 101|date=18 September 2013|access-date=6 January 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031847/http://www.spaceflight101live.com/antares-launch-cygnus-orb-d-mission.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/antares/cots1/status.html|title=Cygnus Orb-D1 Mission Status Center|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=18 September 2013}}

ISS rendezvous

Rendezvous with the ISS was originally scheduled for the fourth day of the mission. However, the rendezvous was postponed due to a computer data link problem.{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/computer-mishap-delays-space-station-supply-ship-cygnus/2013/09/22/69145610-23a0-11e3-b75d-5b7f66349852_story.html|title=Computer mishap delays space station supply ship Cygnus|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Marsha|last=Dunn|date=22 September 2013|access-date=9 January 2014}} The exact error related to small discrepancies between the way the ISS and Cygnus each use GPS for timekeeping purposes.{{cite news|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/09/cygnus-cots-graduation-iss-berthing/|title=Cygnus delays ISS berthing following GPS discrepancy|publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com|first1=Chris|last1=Bergin|first2=Pete|last2=Harding|date=21 September 2013|access-date=4 November 2013}} A further delay was necessary to allow for the arrival of Soyuz TMA-10M with three new ISS crew members.{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/science/cygnus-spacecrafts-arrival-space-station-delayed-incoming-crew-4B11233826 |title=Cygnus spacecraft's arrival at space station delayed by incoming crew|publisher=NBC News|first=Miriam|last=Kramer|date=23 September 2013|access-date=25 September 2013}}

A week late, the spacecraft conducted a series of navigation, control and safety tests as it approached the station. Following the successful completion of ten test objectives, the spacecraft was cleared to make its final approach, holding {{cvt|12|m}} below the ISS. Then, Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano grappled it at 11:00{{nbsp}}UTC, on 29 September 2013, using the Canadarm2 Mobile Servicing System (MSS) {{cite web|url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/MissionUpdates/Orb-D1/files/5%20Mission%20Description.pdf|title=COTS Orb-D1 Mission Description|publisher=Orbital Sciences |year=2013|access-date=18 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921103935/http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/MissionUpdates/Orb-D1/files/5%20Mission%20Description.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2013|url-status=dead}} as the two spacecraft sailed high above the Indian Ocean.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cygnus-cargo-ship-captured-by-international-space-station/|title=Cygnus cargo ship captured by International Space Station|publisher=CBS News|first=William|last=Hardwood|date=29 September 2013|access-date=29 September 2013}} Cygnus was berthed to the nadir port of the station's Harmony node.

Payload

Cygnus Orb-D1 carried {{cvt|700|kg}} of cargo to the ISS, including food and spare parts.{{cite web|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/antares/cots1/launchmanifest.html|title=Cygnus launch cargo|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 September 2013|access-date=18 September 2013}} After unloading, the spacecraft was loaded with {{cvt|1290|kg}} of cargo for disposal.{{cite news|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/antares/cots1/131022departure/|title=Cygnus completes maiden visit to space station|publisher=Spaceflight Now|first=Stephen|last=Clark|date=22 October 2013|access-date=9 January 2014}}

End of mission

On 22 October 2013, the Canadarm2 was used to unberth the Cygnus spacecraft from the nadir port of the Harmony module at 10:04{{nbsp}}UTC. The spacecraft was then maneuvered to a release position below the station, where it was released from the RMS at 11:31{{nbsp}}UTC. It then performed a series of separation maneuvers away from the station. The spacecraft fired its main engine to de-orbit itself on 23 October 2013 at 17:41{{nbsp}}UTC, with reentry and burning up in the atmosphere over the southern Pacific Ocean occurring at 18:16{{nbsp}}UTC.{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/canadarm2-releases-cygnus-after-successful-demonstration-mission-0/|title=Canadarm2 Releases Cygnus After Successful Demonstration Mission|publisher=NASA|date=22 October 2013|access-date=24 October 2013|archive-date=24 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024003754/http://www.nasa.gov/content/canadarm2-releases-cygnus-after-successful-demonstration-mission-0/|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}{{cite press release|url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/release.asp?prid=1873|title=Orbital Completes COTS Demonstration Mission to International Space Station|publisher=Orbital Sciences|first=Barron|last=Beneski|date=23 October 2013|access-date=24 October 2013}}

Gallery

{{Gallery|Antares Orb-D1 launches from Wallops (201309180012HQ).jpg|Launch of Orb-D1|Cygnus Orb-D1.5.jpg|Cygnus approaching the ISS|Cygnus Orb-D1.8.jpg|Cygnus docked to the ISS|title=Cygnus Orb-D1|align=center|footer=|style=text-align:center;|mode=packed|alt1=|alt2=|alt3=|alt4=|alt5=|alt6=|alt7=}}

References

External links

[http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/MissionUpdates/Orb-D1/ Orb-D1 mission page] at Orbital.com
[http://spaceflightnow.com/antares/cots1/status.html Orb-D1 mission page] at Spaceflight Now
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-s9jXCnL1ig Video of the launch of Orb-D1]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn3z0MBEUd4 Video of Cygnus being berthed to the ISS]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVqTWtg9Z-U Video of the hatch to Cygnus being opened]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03ckoo4Ri3o Video of the hatch to Cygnus being closed]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCNevvKevd8 Video of Cygnus departing from the ISS]

Category:Cygnus (spacecraft)

Category:Spacecraft launched by Antares rockets

Category:Spacecraft launched in 2013

Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 2013

Category:Supply vehicles for the International Space Station