Cyperus compressus

{{Short description|Species of plant in Cyperaceae family endemic to Asia, Africa and the Americas}}

{{speciesbox

|name = Annual sedge

|image = Starr 000919-9002 Cyperus compressus.jpg

|status = LC

|status_system = IUCN3.1

|status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=Beentje, H.J. |author2=Lansdown, R.V. |date=2018 |title=Cyperus compressus |page=e.T164257A120149831 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T164257A120149831.en |access-date=8 December 2022}}

|genus = Cyperus

|species = compressus

|authority = L.

|}}

File:Cyperus compressus NRCS-1.jpg

Cyperus compressus, commonly known as annual sedge, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that has a wide distribution throughout countries with warmer climates. It is found in tropical areas of Africa, Asia and the Americas.{{cite journal|url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17494|title=Cyperus compressus (annual sedge)|accessdate=30 September 2017|journal=Invasive Species Compendium|date=2021 |publisher=Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International|doi=10.1079/cabicompendium.17494 |doi-access=free}}

In Europe it is commonly known as hedgehog sedge and the French know it as souchet comprimé. In India it is called mothi and in Japan it is known as kugugayatsuri.

Description

The annual sedge typically grows to a height of {{convert|0.1|to|0.75|m|ft|1}} and has a tufted habit. It blooms between May and December and produces green-yellow-brown flowers.{{FloraBase|name=Cyperus compressus|id=781}} The erect and glabrous grass has fine and numerous roots. It as slender or rigidulous, trigonous stems that are {{convert|0.5|to|2.0|mm|in|3}} thick. Red-purple, loose, open leaf sheaths cover the base of the plant with the leaves being much sorter than the stems. The leaves are greyish-green in colour with a narrowly linear shape and a width of {{convert|1.5|to|4.0|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}. The inflorescence is composed of umbellate spikes, with three to four rays that are up to {{convert|8|cm|in|0}} in length. Following flowering it will form a dark brown to black trigonous nut that has a broad-obovoid shape. The nut is about {{convert|1.5|mm|in|3|abbr=on}} in length with a diameter of about {{convert|1|mm|in|3|abbr=on}}.

Taxonomy

The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as a part of the work Species Plantarum. It has 11 synonyms including Cyperus afer, Cyperus brachiatus, Cyperus giraudyi , Cyperus meyenii and Cyperus pectiniformis.

Distribution

It has a wide distribution throughout tropical and sub tropical parts of Asia, especially in India, Malaysia, Pakistan and the Philippines. It is found through much of Africa from Egypt to Zimbabwe. In the Americas it is found in the southern USA, Honduras, Costa Rica and Suriname as well as northern parts of South America. It is also found in Fiji and New Guinea.{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:304155-1|title=Cyperus compressus L.|access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Kew Science – Plants of the World Online}} It is a pantropical species, mostly found in moist places such as irrigated fields, ditches, stream beds, pond margins and lawns. It grows in many soil types usually sandy or alluvial and clay soils.

It has become introduced in many areas, in Western Australia it is found in damp areas in the Kimberley region. It is also found in Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory.{{cite web|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Cyperus~compressus|title=Cyperus compressus L.|accessdate=30 September 2017|work=PlantNET|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney}}