Cyrillization of Arabic

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺍ || alif || /Vowel length/ || а̄↓||ā↓ ||a, aa↓ || а,↓ яAfter k, l, d. The combinations y with a and y with y are transcribed as i and yu. || {{abbr|ә|Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Turkmen, Azerbaijani}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺀ || hamza || /{{IPA|ʔ}}/ || ’, —↓ || ʾ↓ || ʼ, —↓ || —↓ || {{abbr|ъ|Caucasian, Tajik, Uzbek|0}}, {{abbr|Ӏ|Adyghe|Ӏ}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺏ || bā’ || /{{IPA|b}}/ || б ||b ||b || б ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺕ || tā’ || /{{IPA|t}}/ || т ||t ||t || т ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺙ || thā’ || /{{IPA|θ}}/ || с̱ || ṯ || th, s, (t)Dialect variants are marked in parentheses.The consonants sa, zal, za have different pronunciations: in literary Arabic - as interdental fricatives /θ, ð, ðˤ/, in some dialects (primarily in Egypt and the Maghreb) - as dental stops /t, d, dˤ/, in others dialects (Levant) - as dental fricatives /s, z, zˤ/. || с, (т) || {{abbr|ҫ|Bashkir}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺝ || jīm || /Affricate~{{IPA|ɡ}}/ || дж || ǧ || j, dj, (g)In the dialects of Egypt, Yemen and Oman, jim is pronounced as a stop consonant /ɡ/. In the dialects of the Maghreb and the Levant, jim is pronounced as a hissing consonant /ʒ/. || дж, (г, ж) || {{abbr|җ|Tatar, Bashkir, Turkmen}}, {{abbr|ж|Uzbek, Kyrgyz}}, {{abbr|ҹ|Azerbaijani}}, {{abbr|ӂ|Moldovan, Gagauz}}, {{abbr|џ|Serbian, Macedonian}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺡ || ḥā’ (pharyngeal) || /{{IPA|ħ}}/ || х̣ || ḥ || h || х ||{{abbr|ҳ|абхазский}}, {{abbr|хӀ|Abazin, Avar, Lak, Dargwa|Ӏ}}, {{abbr|хь|Adyghe, Kabardian, Chechen, Ingush|0}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺥ || khā’ || /{{IPA|x}}~{{IPA|χ}}/ || х̱, х̮ || ḫ || kh, x || х || {{abbr|хь|Avar, Lak, Dargwa, Tabasaran|0}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺩ || dāl || /{{IPA|d}}/ || д ||d ||d || д ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺫ || zāl || /{{IPA|ð}}/ || з̱ || ḏ || dh, (z, d) || з, (д) || {{abbr|ҙ|Bashkir}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺭ || rā’ || /{{IPA|r}}/ || р ||r ||r || р ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺯ || zayn || /{{IPA|z}}/ || з ||z ||z || з ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺱ || sīn || /{{IPA|s}}/ || с ||s ||s || с ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺵ || shīn || /{{IPA|ʃ}}/ || ш || š || sh, ch || ш ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺹ || ṣād || /Emphatic consonant/ || с̣ || ṣ || s || с || {{abbr|сӀ|possibly used in the Caucasus|Ӏ}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﺽ || ḍād || /Emphatic consonant/ || д̣ || ḍ || d, dh || д || {{abbr|дӀ|possibly used in the Caucasus|Ӏ}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻁ || ṭā’ || /Emphatic consonant/ || т̣ || ṭ || t || т || {{abbr|тӀ|Caucasian|Ӏ}}, {{abbr|тъ|Ossetian|0}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻅ || ẓā’ || /Emphatic consonant/ || з̣ || ẓ || z, (zh, dh) || з, (д) || {{abbr|зӀ|possibly used in the Caucasus|Ӏ}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻉ || ‘ayn || /{{IPA|ʕ}}/ || ‘ || ʿ || ʻ || —, ъ, vowel doublingAyin in practical transmission is either ignored or lengthens the vowel following it (علي Ali, جماعة jamāt, بعث bās). || {{abbr|Ӏ|Chechen, Ingush}}, {{abbr|гӀ|Abazin, Avar, Lak, Dargwa|Ӏ}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻍ || ghayn || /{{IPA|ɣ}}/ || г, г̣ || ġ || g, gh || г || {{abbr|ғ|Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Tajik, Uzbek, Karakalpak, Azerbaijani}}, {{abbr|ҕ|Abkhaz}}, {{abbr|гӀ|Chechen, Ingush|Ӏ}}, {{abbr|гъ|Karachay-Balkar, Kymk, Nogai, Crimean Tatar, Ossetian, other Caucasian languages|0}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻑ || fā’ || /{{IPA|f}}/ || ф ||f ||f || ф ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻕ || qāf || /{{IPA|q}}/ || к̣ ||q ||q, k, (g, gh)In many dialects, kaf is pronounced as /ɡ/. || к, (г) ||{{abbr|қ|Tatar, Kazakh, Tajik, Uzbek, Karakalpak}}, {{abbr|ҡ|Bashkir}}, {{abbr|ҟ|Abkhaz}}, {{abbr|къ|Abazin, Adyghe, Kabardian, Chechen, Ingush, Karachay-Balkar, Kumyk, Nogai, Crimean Tatar|0}}, {{abbr|кх|Chechen, Ingush|0}}, {{abbr|кь|Lak, Dargwa, лезгинский, Tabasaran|0}}, {{abbr|хъ|Avar, Ossetian|0}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻙ || kāf || /{{IPA|k}}/ || к ||k ||k, c || к ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻝ || lām || /{{IPA|l}}/ || л ||l ||l || л, льbefore consonants. ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻡ || mīm || /{{IPA|m}}/ || м ||m ||m || м ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻥ || nūn || /{{IPA|n}}/ || н ||n ||n || н ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻩ || hā’ || /{{IPA|h}}/ || х, һ ||h ||h || х || {{abbr|һ|Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Azerbaijani}}, {{abbr|ҳ|Tajik, Uzbek, Karakalpak}}, {{abbr|хӀ|Chechen, Ingush|Ӏ}}, {{abbr|гь|Avar, Lak, Dargwa, Lezgin, Tabasaran, Kumyk|0}}

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻭ || wāw || /{{IPA|w}}, Vowel length/ || в, ў, ӯ ||w, ū ||w, u, oo, ou || в, у, ю ||—

|-

| style="font-size:200%;"|ﻱ || yā’ || /{{IPA|j}}, Vowel length/ || й, ӣ ||y, ī ||y, i, ee || й, и, ыAfter emphatic consonants and can be transmitted as "ы" ||{{abbr|ј|Azerbaijani}}

|}

Note: The following tables use the letter hamza (ء) as a carrier to illustrate the use of diacritics. It is not part of these signs.

To record short vowels after a consonant, optional signs (fatḥah, ḍammah, kasrah) are used above this consonant. To write long vowels, the same signs are used plus the corresponding consonant letter.

The glottal stop (in Arabic hamza ) has complex notation rules. It can be written as a single character on the line ⟨ﺀ⟩, thus not distinguishing itself from other consonants, but much more often it is written above or below three carrier letters: alif, vav, ya. At the same time, hamza, like any consonant, can be both before and after a vowel. At the beginning of words, the hamza is written exclusively above or below the alif.

The combination "alif-hamza + fatha + alif" (that is, أَا) is written in a special way through alif-madda.

The absence of a hamza is occasionally recorded with a wasla sign (usually used only before the initial alif).

In unvoiced texts, even the complete absence of over- or signed hamza is possible (thus hamza is indistinguishable from vav and ya), which further complicates transcription. Hamza is almost never written over the alif of the definite article.

As with the hamza, there are some difficulties in rendering the Arabic definite article. In neutral position, it is read and transcribed as al- ( el- ). In certain positions, the sound - l - can be assimilated with the subsequent consonant (see more at Sun and moon letters). After vowels, the initial a - ( e -) usually disappears (the so-called wallowing).

The term ‘’nunation’’ (or ‘’tanwīn’’ ) in Arabic grammar refers to the case endings of the “indefinite state” (corresponds to the indefinite article in other languages). Sometimes, for historical reasons, after the nunation, the silent letters alif-maksura or a simple alif are additionally written.

• sukun over a consonant denotes the absence of any vowel after that consonant (including hamza ). Not transcribed at all.
• shaddah over a consonant denotes the doubling of that consonant. Transcribed accordingly by doubling the letters (special case: дждж → ддж ).

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |editor-last=Гиляревский |editor-first=Р. С. |script-title=ru:Практическая транскрипция фамильно-именных групп |title=Praktičeskaja transkripcija familʹno-imennyx grupp |location=Москва |publisher=Физматлит |year=2004 |pages=46–59 |language=ru |isbn=9785020337183}}
• {{cite book |script-title=ru:Инструкция по передаче на картах географических названий арабских стран |title=Instrukcija po peredače na kartax geografičeskix nazvanij arabskix stran |first1=В. И. |last1=Савина |first2=С. С. |last2=Цельникер |editor-first=Н. М. |editor-last=Наджарова |location=Москва |publisher=Наука |year=1966 |language=ru |oclc=899851736}}
• {{cite book |author-last=Сердюченко |author-first=Г. П. |script-chapter=ru:Арабский язык |chapter=Arabskij jazyk |script-title=ru:Русская транскрипция для языков зарубежного Востока |title=Russkaja transkripcija dlja jazykov zarubežnovo Vostoka |location=Москва |publisher=Наука |year=1967 |pages=104–115 |language=ru |oclc=1906956}}
• {{cite book |author-last=Юшманов |author-first=Н. В. |script-chapter=ru:Письмо и чтение |chapter=Pisʹmo i čtenije |script-title=ru:Грамматика литературного арабского языка |title=Grammatika literaturnovo arabskovo jazyka |year=1928 |pages=6–18 |language=ru |oclc=247994734}}

{{Cyrillic navbox}}

Arabic

Category:Arabic script