Cystopteris
{{Short description|Genus of ferns}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{automatic taxobox
| image = Cystopteris fragilis kz1.jpg
| image_caption = Cystopteris fragilis
| taxon = Cystopteris
| authority = Bernh.
| type_species = Cystopteris fragilis
| type_species_authority = (von Linné) Bernhardi
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =
{{Genus list
|Cyclopteris|Schrader ex Gray non Brongniart
|Cyste|Dulac
|Cystea|Smith
|Cystoathyrium|Ching
|Filicula|Séguier
|Filix|Adanson non Ludwig non Séguier
|Filix-fragilis|Gillb.
|Rhizomatopteris|A.P.Khokhr.
}}
}}
Cystopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Cystopteridaceae. These are known generally as bladderferns or fragile ferns. They grow in temperate areas worldwide. This is a very diverse genus and within a species individuals can look quite different, especially in harsh environments where stress stunts their growth. They hybridize easily with each other and identifying an individual can be challenging. In general these are rhizomatous perennials which grow in rocks or soil. Their leaves are multiply pinnate, in that each leaflet is divided into smaller parts. The sori are usually rounded and covered in an inflated bladder-like indusium.
Phylogeny
This genus includes the following species:{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |last2=Schmitt |first2=Bernd |date=June 2019 |contribution=Aleuritopteris |title=Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World |volume=8 |issue=2 |url=https://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |accessdate=2019-08-14 |name-list-style=amp |archive-date=2 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902225743/http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |url-status=dead }}
| class="wikitable" |
| colspan=1 | Phylogeny from Fern Tree of Life{{cite journal |last1=Nitta |first1=Joel H. |last2=Schuettpelz |first2=Eric |last3=Ramírez-Barahona |first3=Santiago |last4=Iwasaki |first4=Wataru |display-authors=et al. |year=2022 |title=An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |issue= |page= 909768| doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 |pmid= 36092417|pmc= 9449725|bibcode= |doi-access=free}}{{cite web |last1= |first1= |display-authors=et al. |year=2024 |title=Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL |url=https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html |version=FTOL v1.7.0 (GenBank release 261) |access-date=1 May 2025}}
! colspan=1 | Other species include: |
|---|
| style="vertical-align:top|
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |label1=Cystopteris |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |label1=section |sublabel1=Emarginatae |1=C. montana (Lam.) Desvaux (Mountain bladderfern) }} |2={{Clade |label1=section |sublabel1=Khokhrjakovia |1={{Clade |1=C. pellucida (Franchet) Ching |2={{Clade |1=C. moupinensis Franchet |2=C. sudetica Braun & Milde (Sudeten bubble fern) }} }} |label2=section |sublabel2=Cystopteris |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=C. chinensis (Ching) R.Wei & X.C.Zhang |2={{Clade |1=C. bulbifera (von Linné) Bernhardi (Bulblet fern) |2={{Clade |1=C. tennesseensis Shaver (Tennessee bladderfern) |2=C. utahensis Windham & Haufler (Utah bladderfern) }} }} }} |2={{Clade |1=C. protrusa (Weatherby) Blasdell (Lowland bladderfern) |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=C. douglasii Hooker (Douglas' bladderfern) |2=C. sandwicensis Brackenridge }} |2={{Clade |1=C. tasmanica Hooker |2={{Clade |1=C. alpina (Lam.) Desvaux (Alpine bubble fern) |2=C. tenuis (Michaux) Desvaux (Upland brittle fern) }} }} }} |2={{Clade |1=C. diaphana (Bory) Blasdell (Greenish/diaphanous bladder-fern) |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=C. reevesiana Lellinger (Reeves' bladderfern) |2=C. fragilis (von Linné) Bernhardi (Brittle bladderfern) }} |2={{Clade |1=C. membranifolia Mickel |2={{Clade |1=C. laurentiana (Weatherby) Blasdell (St. Lawrence bladderfern) |2=C. millefolia Mickel & Tejero }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} | {{div col|colwidth=18em}}
{{div col end}} |
Hybrids
The hybrid species include:
- C. fragilis (C. "hemifragilis" × C. reevesiana; allotetraploid)
- C. laurentiana (C. bulbifera × C. fragilis; allohexaploid)
- C. tennesseensis (C. bulbifera × C. protrusa; allotetraploid)
- C. tenuis (C. "hemifragilis" × C. protrusa; allotetraploid)
- C. utahensis (C. reevesiana × C. bulbifera; allotetraploid)
Non-species hybrids include:
- Cystopteris × christii Hahne 1904 (C. fragilis × C. montana)
- Cystopteris × illinoensis Moran 1982 (C. bulbifera × C. tenuis; allotriploid)
- Cystopteris × montserratii Prada & Salvo 1985 (C. dickieana × C. fragilis)
- Cystopteris × vidae Fraser-Jenkins & Parris 2021 (C. alpina × C. fragilis)
- Cystopteris × wagneri Moran 1983 (C. tennesseensis × C. tenuis; allo-allotetraploid)
- Cystopteris fragilis × Cystopteris tenuis (allo-allotetraploid)
- Cystopteris protrusa × Cystopteris tennesseensis (allotriploid)
References
{{Reflist|80em|refs=
{{cite journal|author=Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang & Harald Schneider |year=2011 |title=A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=19 |pages=7–54 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2 |url=http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf}}
}}
- Lellinger, David B. A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-Allies of the United States & Canada. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 1985.
External links
- [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?19,25 Jepson Manual Treatment]
- [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CYSTO USDA Plants Profile]
- [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=109134 Flora of North America]
{{Plant classification}}
{{Fern classification}}
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