Cytinus
{{short description|Genus of plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Cytinus ruber (flowers).jpg
| image_caption = Cytinus ruber from Sardinia
| taxon = Cytinus
| authority = L.
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
Cytinus is a genus of parasitic flowering plants. Species in this genus do not produce chlorophyll, but rely fully on its host plant. Cytinus usually parasitizes Cistus and Halimium, two genera of plants in the family Cistaceae. It has also been found on Ptilostemon chamaepeuce.
Several species are found in the Mediterranean Region, South Africa, with a possibly undescribed species from Madagascar.parasiticplants.siu.edu: [http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/Cytinaceae/index.html Cytinaceae]
Biology
C. capensis and C. sanguineus are dioecious, while C. hypocistis is monoecious.Nickrent et al. 2004
C. hypocistis has been shown to infect mainly Halimium halimifolium and Cistus monspeliensis in Portugal.Thorogood & Hiscock 2007
Systematics
The genus Cytinus was previously included in the parasitic family Rafflesiaceae, but is now put into the family Cytinaceae (order Malvales), together with the genus Bdallophytum with four species.
Cytinus ruber is no longer considered a separate species, but is now a subspecies of C. hypocistis.
Uses
{{More medical citations needed|date=November 2014}}
Image:Illustration Cytinus hypocistis0.jpg
The young C. hypocistis is cooked as an asparagus substitute and an extract has been used in herbal medicine for dysentery, throat tumors and as an astringent.{{cite web |title=Cytinus hypocistis (Rafflesiaceae) |url=https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/phytochem/ethnoPlants/show/3003 |website=Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases |publisher=National Agricultural Library}} C. ruber is also edible and was used in folk medicine as an emmenagogue.The University of Reading: [http://www.herbarium.rdg.ac.uk/mediplants/resultd.asp?SP=Cytinus%20hypocistis Cytinus hypocistis] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721222848/http://www.herbarium.rdg.ac.uk/mediplants/resultd.asp?SP=Cytinus%20hypocistis |date=July 21, 2011 }}
Species
| class="wikitable" | ||
| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Cytinus baronii {{small|Baker f.}} | Madagascar. | |
| Cytinus capensis {{small|Marloth}} | South Africa | |
| Cytinus glandulosus {{small|Jum.}} | Madagascar. | |
| 120px | Cytinus hypocistis {{small|(L.) L.}} | Mediterranean from Morocco to southern France and Turkey |
| Cytinus malagasicus {{small|Jum. & H.Perrier}} | Madagascar. | |
| 120px | Cytinus ruber {{small|(Fourr.) Fritsch}} | Mediterranean |
| 120px | Cytinus sanguineus {{small|(Thunb.) Fourc.}} | South Africa |
| Cytinus visseri {{small|Burgoyne}} | South Africa |
Footnotes
{{Reflist}}
References
- {{aut|Govaerts, R. & Nickrent, D.L. }} (2010): 658. Cytinus ruber Cytinaceae. Bot. Mag. 26(4): 314–321.
- {{cite journal |last1=Nickrent |first1=Daniel L |last2=Blarer |first2=Albert |last3=Qiu |first3=Yin-Long |last4=Vidal-Russell |first4=Romina |last5=Anderson |first5=Frank E |title=Phylogenetic inference in Rafflesiales: the influence of rate heterogeneity and horizontal gene transfer |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |date=2004 |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=40 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-4-40 |doi-access=free }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Sanjust |first1=Enrico |last2=Rinaldi |first2=Andrea C. |title=Cytinus under the Microscope: Disclosing the Secrets of a Parasitic Plant |journal=Plants |date=2021 |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=146 |doi=10.3390/plants10010146 |doi-access=free }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Thorogood |first1=C. J. |last2=Hiscock |first2=S. J. |title=Host specificity in the parasitic plant Cytinus hypocistis |journal=Research Letters in Ecology |date=2007 |volume=2007 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1155/2007/84234 |doi-access=free }}
Further reading
- {{aut|Burgoyne, P.M.}} (2006): A new species of Cytinus (Cytinaceae) from South Africa and Swaziland, with a key to the Southern African species. Novon 16(3): 315–319. [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18294022 Abstract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314062037/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18294022 |date=2012-03-14 }}
External links
{{Commons}}
- [http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/Cytinaceae/references.html Cytinaceae References]
- [https://parasiticplants.siu.edu/Cytinaceae/index.html Parasitic Plant Connection: Cytinaceae]
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