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Czartoryski

{{Short description|Polish princely family}}

{{Infobox Family

| color = powderblue

| name = Czartoryski

| crest = POL COA Czartoryski.svg

| crest_size = 200px

| caption = Czartoryski coat of arms

| ethnicity = Polish–Lithuanian{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia Americana–A Library of Universal Knowledge, Volume 23|year=1919|publisher=Encyclopedia Americana Corporation|page=131}}-Ruthenian{{cite book|last=Lerski|first=Jerzy Jan|title=Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn= 0313260079 |page=94}}

| region = Poland

| early_forms =

| type = Princely House of Poland

| origin = Czartorysk

| members = Michał Czartoryski
August Czartoryski
Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski
Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
Izabela Flemming

| otherfamilies = Sieniawski, Wiśniowiecki, Sobieski, Leszczyński, Poniatowski, Radziwiłł, Jagiellonian

| distinctions =

| traditions = Familia

| heirlooms =

| estate = Czartoryski Palace

| etymology =

| motto = Bądź co bądź

| motto_lang = pl

| motto_trans = Come what may

}}

The House of Czartoryski (feminine form: Czartoryska, plural: Czartoryscy; {{langx|lt|Čartoriskiai}}) is a Polish princely family of Lithuanian{{cite book|last=Bain|first=R. Nisbet|title=Slavonic Europe : a political history of Poland and Russia from 1447 to 1796|year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107636910|page=382}}-Ruthenian{{cite book|last=Lerski|first=Jerzy Jan|title=Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn= 0313260079 |page=94}} origin, also known as the Familia. The family, which derived their kin from the Gediminids dynasty,{{cite book|last=Galkus|first=Juozas|title=The Vytis of Lithuania|year=2009|publisher=Vilnius Academy of Arts press|location=Vilnius|isbn=9789955854449|page=42}}{{cite book|last=Łowmiański|first=Henryk|title=Zaludnienie państwa litewskiego w wieku XVI : zaludnienie w roku 1528|year=1998|publisher=Wydawn. Poznańskie|location=Poznań|isbn=9788386138371|page=42}} by the mid-17th century had split into two branches, based in the Klevan Castle and the Korets Castle, respectively. They used the Czartoryski coat of arms and were a noble family of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century.

The Czartoryski and the Potocki were the two most influential aristocratic families of the last decades of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795).{{sfn|Kowalski |2013|p=296}}

File:Princes Czartoryski family vault in Sieniawa.JPG]]

File:Kazimierz Czartoryski.PNG"]]

File:Peszka Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski.jpg; portrait by Józef Peszka]]

History

The Czartoryski family is of Lithuanian descent from Ruthenia.[http://mariuszkarolak.pl/genealogia-rodu-czartoryskich/ Karolak M., Genealogia rodu Czartoryskich, www.mariuszkarolak.pl, Puławy 2020] Their ancestor, a grandson of Gediminas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, became known with his baptismal name Constantine ({{circa}} 1330−1390) - he became a Prince of Chortoryisk in Volhynia.Tęgowski J. Który Konstanty — Olgierdowic czy Koriatowic — był przodkiem kniaziów Czartoryskich? // Europa Orientalis. — Toruń, 1996. — S. 53-59. One of his sons, Vasyli Chortoryiski (Ukrainian: Чарторийський; {{circa}} 1375–1416), was granted an estate in Volhynia in 1393, and his three sons John, Alexander and Michael (c. 1400–1489) are considered the progenitors of the family.{{cite book|title= Historical dictionary of Poland, 966-1945|author= Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki|publisher= Greenwood Publishing|year= 1996|page=94|ISBN= 978-0-313-26007-0}} The founding members were culturally Ruthenian and Eastern Orthodox; they converted to Roman Catholicism and were Polonized during the 16th century.

Michael's descendant Prince Kazimierz Czartoryski (1674–1741), Duke of Klewan and Zukow (Klevan and Zhukiv), Castellan of Vilnius, reawakened Czartoryski royal ambitions at the end of the 17th century. He married Isabella Morsztyn, daughter of the Grand Treasurer of Poland, and built "The Familia" with their four children, Michał, August, Teodor and Konstancja. The family became known and powerful under the lead of brothers Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski and August Aleksander Czartoryski in the late Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth of the 18th century, during the reigns Augustus II the Strong (King of Poland, 1697–1706 and 1709–1733) and Stanisław I Leszczyński (King of Poland 1704–1709 and 1733–1736). The Czartoryski had risen to power under August Aleksander Czartoryski (1697–1782) of the Klewa line, who married Zofia Denhoffowa, the only heir to the Sieniawski family.{{sfn|Kowalski |2013|p=297}}

The family attained the height of its influence from the mid-18th century in the court of King Augustus III ({{reign | 1734 | 1763}}). The Czartoryski brothers gained a very powerful ally in their brother-in-law, Stanisław Poniatowski, whose son became the last king of the independent Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Stanisław August Poniatowski ({{reign | 1764 | 1795}}).

The Czartoryski's Familia saw the decline of the Commonwealth and the rise of anarchy and joined the camp which was determined to press ahead with reforms; thus they sought the enactment of such constitutional reforms as the abolition of the liberum veto.

Although the Russian Empire confiscated the family estate at Puławy in 1794, during the third partition of Poland, the Familia continued to wield significant cultural and political influence for decades after, notably through the princes Adam Kazimierz (1734–1823), Adam Jerzy (1770–1861) and Konstanty Adam (1777–1866).

The Czartoryski family is renowned for the Czartoryski Museum in Kraków and the Hôtel Lambert in Paris.

Today, the only descendants of Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski are Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski (1940- ) and his daughter Tamara Czartoryska (1978- ), who live in the United Kingdom. The descendants of Prince Konstanty Adam Czartoryski live to this day in Poland and have their representatives in the Confederation of the Polish Nobility.

Coat of arms and motto

The Czartoryski family used the Czartoryski coat of arms and the motto Bądź co bądź ("Come what may", literally 'let be, that which will be'). The family's arms were a modification of the Pogoń Litewska arms.

image:POL COA Czartoryski duży.svg|Czartoryski coat of arms used in 1785

Notable members

File:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski by J.Oleszkiewicz 02.jpg; portrait by Józef Oleszkiewicz]]

Notable members include:

=In Poland=

=In Hungary=

  • Piotr Czartoryski ( wife: Lázár Mária)
  • Mária Lázár (b. Mária Czartoriska) (1895–1983), actress ( mother: Lázár Mária)
  • Serbán Ivánné (b. Magdolna Irén Czartoryska (mother: Lázár Mária)
  • sons of Magdolna Iren Czartoryska
  • Wachtel Elemér
  • Wachtel Domonkos
  • Dr Czartoryski Jenö (mother: Lázár Maria)
  • sons of Jenö Czartoryski
  • Adam Czartoryski born Budapest, Uppsala, Sweden
  • Ivan Czartoryski born Budapest, Uppsala, Sweden, architect

Palaces

file:2008 08050029 - Gołuchów - zespół zamkowy - zamek.JPG|Gołuchów Castle

file:Puławy, Pałac Czartoryskich (02).jpg|Czartoryski Palace in Puławy

file:Pałac Czartoryskich w Lublinie (2008-11-22).JPG|Czartoryski Palace in Lublin

file:Czartoryski Palace, 17-19 świętego Jana street, Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg|Czartoryski Museum in Kraków

file:Pałac w Sieniawie.JPG|Czartoryski Palace in Sieniawa

file:Pałac w Konarzewie-front.jpg|{{Interlanguage link multi|Konarzew Palace|pl|3=Pałac w Konarzewie}}

file:Rokosowo pałac 1847 01.JPG|Palace in Rokosowo

file:Palac w Baszkowie.JPG|Palace in Baszków, Łódź Voivodeship

file:Pelkinie palac.jpg|Palace in Pełkinie

file:Palac oginskich.JPG|Siedlce Palace

file:Międzyrzec podlaski pałac czartoryskich.jpg|Palace in Międzyrzec Podlaski

file:Warszawa pałac Potockich 2009.jpg|Potocki Palace, Warsaw

file:Wawa Blekitny1DSC 0853.JPG|The Blue Palace, Warsaw

file:Wilanów Palace.jpg|Wilanów Palace

file:Palac Potockich w Natolinie 01.jpg|Natolin Palace

file:Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej.JPG|Former Czartoryski Palace in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska (rebuild)

File:Pulawy swiatynia sybilli.jpg|Temple of the Sibyl, 18th century museum in Puławy

image:Руїни замку Чорторийських. Чорторийськ. Rujiny zamku Čortoryjśkyx. Čortoryjśk.png|Ruins of the Castle of Czartorysk

image:Корецький замок(2009).jpg|Ruins of the Castle of Korets

file:Voŭčyn, Čartaryjski. Воўчын, Чартарыйскі (I. Ryškievič, 1898).jpg|Ruins of the Czartoryski Palace in Wołczyn (1898)

file:Medzhybizh Castle (Меджибіж).JPG|Castle of Medzhybizh

file:Berezhany zamok.jpg|Ruins of the Castle of Berezhany

file:Клеванський замок.jpg|Ruins of the Castle of Klevan

See also

References

{{Reflist|2}}

  • {{citation |language=pl

|last=Kowalski |first=Mariusz|title=Księstwa Rzeczpospolitej: państwo magnackie jako region polityczny|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hc_rAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA296

|access-date=5 July 2020|year=2013|publisher=IGiPZ PAN Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego|isbn=978-83-61590-27-9}}

External links

  • {{Commonscat-inline|House of Czartoryski}}
  • [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CZ%5CCzartoryski.htm Czartoryski] at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine

{{Grand Duchy of Lithuania nobility}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Czartoryski Family}}