D/1978 R1 (Haneda–Campos)

The comet was independently discovered by Toshio Haneda and José da Silva Campos about nine hours apart from each other on the night of 1 September 1978. At the time of discovery, the comet was a diffuse 9th-10th magnitude object within the constellation Microscopium.{{efn|Reported initial positions upon discovery were: α {{=}} {{RA|20|51}}, δ {{=}} {{DEC|–29|27}} (Haneda) and α {{=}} {{RA|20|51}}, δ {{=}} {{DEC|–29|40}} (Campos).{{r|Cometography}}}} Their discoveries were later confirmed by John C. Bennett on 5 September 1978.{{r|IAUC_3259}}

File:D1978 R1 (Haneda–Campos) ESO-1978-08-09.jpg on 9 August 1978]]

Precovery images of the comet were found to have been taken between 9 and 11 August 1984, from the Perth and Palomar observatories,{{r|IAUC_3262|IAUC_3271}} which enabled Brian G. Marsden to refine the orbital calculations for the comet.{{r|IAUC_3262}} Based on Marsden's calculations, the comet made two close encounters with Jupiter in 1957 and 1969, where the comet approached at a distance of {{convert|0.3|–|0.4|AU|e6km|abbr=unit}} from the giant planet.{{r|IAUC_3271}}

The comet made its closest approach with Earth at a distance of {{convert|0.154|AU|e6km|abbr=unit}} on 9 September 1978.{{r|Cometography}} It remained as a 10th-magnitude object at the time of its closest Earth encounter, leading astronomers to believe the comet was indeed an intrinsically faint object.{{r|IAUC_3267}} It rapidly faded away throughout late September and October, until it was last seen as an 18th-magnitude object on 29 November 1978.{{r|Cometography}}

Brian G. Marsden and Shuichi Nakano independently calculated the comet's next perihelia by using 24–55 positions recorded between July and November 1978, and both predicted the comet's return in 1984 and 1991 respectively.{{r|Kronk_2010}} However, astronomers failed to recover the comet during both apparitions. It is theorized that the comet was at an outburst during its discovery, and is actually usually fainter than what was observed in 1978.{{r|Machholz_1985}}

On 24 December 1984, a faint comet-like object was spotted by Tsutomu Seki, where he initially thought it was the same comet as Haneda–Campos.{{r|Seki_2005}} However, subsequent orbital calculations of this object did not in fact match that of D/1978 R1.{{efn|Gary W. Kronk and Maik Meyer stated that during their interview with Seki, this "comet" he saw on the night of 24 December 1984 is most likely an artifact from the photographic plate he took while searching for Comet Haneda–Campos.{{r|Seki_2005}} They tentatively assigned this unidentified comet-like object as "KM1984-2".{{r|Kronk_2024}}}} {{as of|2025}}, the comet remains lost, though the search continues as it approaches its next perihelion in 2029, where it is expected to make another close approach to Earth like it did in 1978.{{r|Zooniverse_2021}}

The comet is the parent body of a meteor shower called the October Capricornids.{{r|Jenniskens_2006}} First observed in 1971 and 1987,{{r|Wood_1988}} this meteor shower produced about 2–3 meteors per hour at its peak activity. It was again observed from Spain between 1985 and 1988.{{r|Rodriguez_1989}}

A meteoroid originating from Comet Haneda–Campos produced a bright fireball on 3 October 2021, which fell in the night sky over Granada, Spain around 19:41 UTC.{{r|Madiedo_2021}}

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web

| author1= G. W. Kronk

| title= D/1978 R1 (Haneda–Campos)

| url= https://cometography.com/lcomets/1978_R1.html

| website= Cometography.com

| access-date= 12 January 2025 }}

{{cite journal

| author1= B. G. Marsden

| title= Comet Haneda–Campos (1978j)

| url= http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/03200/03259.html

| journal= International Astronomical Union Circular

| issue= 3259

| date= 5 September 1978 }}

{{cite journal

| author1= B. G. Marsden

| title= Periodic Comet Haneda–Campos (1978j)

| url= http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/03200/03262.html

| journal= International Astronomical Union Circular

| issue= 3262

| date= 8 September 1978 }}

{{cite journal

| author1= B. G. Marsden

| title= Periodic Comet Haneda–Campos (1978j)

| url= http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/03200/03267.html

| journal= International Astronomical Union Circular

| issue= 3267

| date= 14 September 1978 }}

{{cite journal

| author1= B. G. Marsden

| title= Periodic Comet Haneda–Campos (1978j)

| url= http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/03200/03271.html

| journal= International Astronomical Union Circular

| issue= 3271

| date= 19 September 1978 }}

{{cite web

| title= Comet Names and Designations

| url= http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/names1.html

| website= International Comet Quarterly

| access-date= 12 January 2025 }}

{{cite conference

| author1= P. Jenniskens

| title= Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets

| url= https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/link_gateway/2007pimo.conf...56J/ADS_PDF

| conference= Proceedings of the International Meteor Conference

| location= Roden, Netherlands

| date= 14–17 September 2006

| pages= 56–62

| bibcode= 2007pimo.conf...56J

| isbn= 978-2-87355-018-9 }}

{{cite web

| title= D/1978 R1 (Haneda–Campos) – JPL Small-Body Database Lookup

| url= https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=1978R1

| website= ssd.jpl.nasa.gov

| publisher= Jet Propulsion Laboratory

| access-date= 13 November 2023 }}

{{cite book

| author1= G. W. Kronk

| title= Cometography: A Catalog of Comets

| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qV4Q49x8PTsC&pg=PA610

| volume= 5: 1960–1982

| year= 2010

| publisher= Cambridge University Press

| pages= 610–613

| isbn= 978-0-521-87226-3 }}

{{cite book

| author1= G. W. Kronk

| author2= M. Meyer

| title= Catalog of Unconfirmed Comets

| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=nxoLEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA351

| volume= 2: 1900–Present

| year= 2024

| publisher= Springer Nature

| pages= 351–352

| isbn= 978-3-031-56691-2

| issn= 2509-3118 }}

{{cite book

| author1= D. Machholz

| title= A Decade of Comets: A Study of 33 Comets Discovered by Amateur Astronomers between 1975–1985

| url= https://donmachholz.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Podcast-37-A-Decade-of-Comets-Part-2b.pdf

| year= 1985

| edition= 3rd

| pages= 28–29

| isbn= 0-9646487-0-9 }}

{{cite news

| author1= J. M. Madiedo

| title= Bright fireball over Spain generated by a meteoroid from Comet D/1978 R1 (Haneda–Campos)

| url= https://watchers.news/2021/10/04/fireball-grenada-spain-comed-haneda-campos-october-2021/

| newspaper= The Watchers

| date= 4 October 2021

| access-date= 12 January 2025 }}

{{cite journal

| author1= J. M. T. Rodriguez

| title= The October Capricornids observed in Spain

| url= https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/link_gateway/1989JIMO...17..158R/ADS_PDF

| journal= WGN, Journal of the International Meteor Organization

| year= 1989

| volume= 17

| issue= 4

| pages= 158–160

| bibcode= 1989JIMO...17..158R }}

{{cite web

| author1= T. Seki

| title= Memorable Comets: D/1978 R1 (Haneda–Campos)

| url= https://comet-seki.net/MemComet_D1978R1_en.html

| date= 2005

| access-date= 12 January 2025 }}

{{cite journal

| author1= J. Wood

| title= The October Capricornid meteor stream

| url= https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/link_gateway/1988JIMO...42..191W/ADS_PDF

| journal= WGN, Journal of the International Meteor Organization

| year= 1988

| volume= 16

| issue= 6

| pages= 191–194

| bibcode= 1988JIMO...16..191W }}

{{cite web

| author1= S. Yoshida

| title= D/1978 R1 (Haneda–Campos)

| url= http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/1978R1/index.html

| date= 6 January 2024

| access-date = 12 January 2025 }}

{{cite web

| author1= J. S. Campos

| display-authors= etal

| title= 16 new asteroids identified as comets

| url= https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/orionnau/active-asteroids/talk/4398/2166872

| website= Zooniverse.org

| date= 8 October 2021

| access-date= 12 January 2025 }}

}}

• {{JPL Small Body|id=1000037}}

{{Comets}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haneda-Campos, 1978 R1}}

#

#

Category:Near-Earth comets

Category:Lost comets

Category:Meteor shower progenitors