DB Class 420
{{short description|German S-Bahn train type}}
{{Infobox train
| background =
| name = Class 420 / SL X420
| image = File:Wiesbaden- Bahnhof Wiesbaden Ost- auf Bahnsteig zu Gleis 3- Richtung Mainz- S-Bahn Rhein-Main 420 757-7 26.6.2010.jpg
| imagealt =
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = A Class 420 train at Wiesbaden Ost station in June 2010
| service =
| manufacturer = LHB, MBB, Orenstein & Koppel, Uerdingen, Waggon Union
| designer =
| assembly =
| factory =
| yearconstruction = 1967–1997
| yearservice =
| refurbishment =
| yearscrapped =
| numberbuilt = 1,440 vehicles (480 sets)
| numberservice =
| numberpreserved = 16 vehicles
| numberscrapped =
| successor = DB Class 423, DBAG Class 430
| formation = 3 cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers = 420 001–420 390; 420 400–420 489
| capacity =
| operator = Deutsche Bundesbahn
Deutsche Bahn
Storstockholms Lokaltrafik
| depots =
| lines = {{Plainlist|
- Munich S-Bahn network
- Stuttgart S-Bahn network
- Rhine-Main S-Bahn network
- Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn network
- Stockholms pendeltåg
}}
| carbody = Aluminium, steel
| trainlength = {{Convert|67,400|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| carlength =
| width = {{Convert|2,900|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height =
| floorheight = {{Convert|1,000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}{{cite book |last=Winfried |first=Reinhardt |title=Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr: Technik – rechts- und betriebswirtschaftliche Grundlagen |trans-title=Public transport: Technology - law and economic basics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ishyDwAAQBAJ |pages=233, 298 |language=de |date=2018 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |isbn=9783658220594}}
| entrylevelorstep =
| doors = 4 pairs per side
| wheeldiameter =
| wheelbase =
| maxspeed = {{Convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}
| weight = {{cvt|139,8|t}} (with steel end cars)
{{cvt|129|t}}, {{cvt|135|t}}
| axleload =
| traction =
| poweroutput = {{Convert|2400|kW|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| tractiveeffort =
| transmission =
| acceleration = {{convert|1.0|m/s2|mph/s|abbr=on}}
| deceleration = {{convert|0.9|m/s2|mph/s|abbr=on}}
| aux =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC overhead line
| collectionmethod = Single-arm pantograph
| bogies =
| minimum curve =
| brakes = Resistor brake, air-disc brake
spring-accumulator brake (from 7. batch onwards)
| safety = ATP (SL X420)
LZB (Munich S-Bahn)
| coupling =
| multipleworking =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1435mm}}
| notes = Sources: {{cite book |last=Pabst |first=Martin |title=S-Bahn- und U-Bahn-Fahrzeuge in Deutschland |trans-title=S-Bahn and U-Bahn vehicles in Germany |edition=2nd |pages=123, 124, 128-133, 179 |language=de |date=2006 |publisher=GeraMond |isbn=3-7654-7366-9}}{{cite book |last1=Johnston |first1=Howard |last2=Harris |first2=Ken |title=Jane's Train Recognition Guide |page=238 |language=en |date=2005 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-081895-1}}
}}
The Class 420 ({{langx|de|Baureihe 420}}) is a commuter electric multiple unit train type in service on German S-Bahn networks since 1972. Their use in Munich during the 1972 Summer Olympics earned them the colloquial name {{lang|de|Olympiatriebwagen}} (Olympic multiple unit).{{cite news |last=Durchdenwald |first=Thomas |date=November 4, 2016 |title=Letztes Signal für ET 420: Ende einer Ära |trans-title=Last signal for ET 420: The end of an era |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.s-bahn-region-stuttgart-letztes-signal-fuer-et-420-ende-einer-aera.50c1aabc-a346-423a-95f0-59428a2a65c5.html |language=de |work=Stuttgarter Zeitung |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191124124255/https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.s-bahn-region-stuttgart-letztes-signal-fuer-et-420-ende-einer-aera.50c1aabc-a346-423a-95f0-59428a2a65c5.html |archive-date=November 24, 2019 |url-status=live}}
Design
=Livery variations=
Each of the three prototype sets received a different livery. 420 001 had an orange and white livery, 420 002 had a blue and white livery, and 420 003 wine-red and white livery.{{cite news |last=Völklein |first=Marco |date=December 29, 2016 |title=Münchner S-Bahn in Nürnberg abgestellt |trans-title=Munich S-Bahn stabled in Nuremberg |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/ausrangiert-muenchner-s-bahn-in-nuernberg-abgestellt-1.3313989 |language=de |work=Süddeutsche Zeitung |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320103416/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/ausrangiert-muenchner-s-bahn-in-nuernberg-abgestellt-1.3313989 |archive-date=March 20, 2019 |url-status=live}} A public poll over the livery of the S-Bahn trains was held in Frankfurt, Munich and Düsseldorf. Munich received blue trains, Düsseldorf chose orange and Frankfurt also received orange liveried trains due to economic reasons, despite opting for the red livery.{{cite web |url=https://www.fnp.de/frankfurt/jahren-fuhr-s-bahn-erstmals-frankfurt-raus-10384042.html |title=Vor 40 Jahren fuhr die S-Bahn erstmals aus Frankfurt raus |trans-title=40 years ago the S-Bahn left Frankfurt for the first time |language=de |date=May 27, 2018 |work=Frankfurter Neue Presse |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191006150935/https://www.fnp.de/frankfurt/jahren-fuhr-s-bahn-erstmals-frankfurt-raus-10384042.html |archive-date=October 6, 2019 |url-status=live}}
Units used on Munich S-Bahn services to the airport received a light blue livery.
All units still in service were repainted into the traffic-red livery.
File:DB 420 (14.09.1985).jpg|Munich S-Bahn 420 in blue and white livery
File:DB 420 001 bright.jpg|Prototype set 420 001 in orange and white livery
File:Frankfurt am Main- Bahnhof Frankfurt (Main) Ostendstraße- auf Bahnsteig zu Gleis 2- Richtung Bahnhof Frankfurt (Main) Süd (S-Bahn Rhein-Main 420 316-2) 16.6.2012.jpg|S-Bahn Rhein-Main 420 316 in the traffic red livery
=Interior=
Passenger accommodation consists of transverse seating bays in a 2+2 layout, with longitudinal folding seats at the luggage area in one of the end cars.
File:BR 420 Innenraum (Rhein-Main).jpg|Interior of a S-Bahn Rhein-Main train
File:BR 420 Innenraum modernisiert.jpg|Interior of a refurbished train
=420Plus=
Between April 2005 and January 2006, two trains (420 400 and 420 416) received an experimental refurbishment at DB Krefeld-Oppum works, and were branded as "420Plus". Changes to the interior included new seating, the addition of air conditioning and windows in the inner car ends, passenger information displays and push-button door openers. Entry into passenger service followed in April 2006.
File:Et420plus 420400.jpg|420 400 in May 2006
File:Et420plus innenraum.jpg|Interior of a 420Plus unit
Technical specifications
=Formation=
Each unit consists of three cars. The end cars are designated as class 420, and the intermediate cars are designated as class 421. They are equipped with couplers enabling operation of up to three units together.
| class="wikitable" | |||
| cab car | intermediate car | cab car | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Numbering
| style="text-align: center;"| 420 xxx || style="text-align: center;"| 421 xxx || style="text-align: center;"| 420 xxx |
=Car body=
=Electric systems=
The electrical equipment was built by AEG, Brown-Boveri, and Siemens. They are the first DB trains that were equipped with thyristor-phase control. Each bogie is fitted with two mixed current commutator motors. The current of the traction motors is controlled steplessly over two asymmetrical semi-controlled rectifier bridges in sequence.
History
=Munich=
The first unit was presented in Munich on October 30, 1969. Entry into service on the Munich S-Bahn was in May 1972. The last original Munich S-Bahn units were withdrawn in December 2004.
15 refurbished former S-Bahn Stuttgart sets{{cite news |last=Völklein |first=Marco |date=October 6, 2014 |title=Wie alte Züge aufgemöbelt werden |trans-title=How old trains get refurbished |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/s-bahn-in-muenchen-wie-alte-zuege-aufgemoebelt-werden-1.2157901 |language=de |work=Süddeutsche Zeitung |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316123102/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/s-bahn-in-muenchen-wie-alte-zuege-aufgemoebelt-werden-1.2157901 |archive-date=March 16, 2019 |url-status=live}} entered service on the Munich S-Bahn network in 2014. 21 further trains are scheduled to enter service in Munich, in order to reduce the shortage of rolling stock due to the refurbishment of Class 423 trains.{{cite news |last=Steinbacher |first=Ulrike |date=January 10, 2018 |title=Die Strategie der Überbrückung |trans-title=The strategy of bypassing |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/bogenhausen-die-strategie-der-ueberbrueckung-1.3820028 |language=de |work=Süddeutsche Zeitung |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316120059/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/bogenhausen-die-strategie-der-ueberbrueckung-1.3820028 |archive-date=March 16, 2019 |url-status=live}} These former Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn units will be fitted with Linienzugbeeinflussung (LZB), which enables them to run on the Stammstrecke.
File:Baureihe 420 München.jpg|420 961 arrives at Munich Heimeranplatz in 2023
File:420 001 Gauting 1970.png|420 001 and another unidentified set at Gauting during trials, 1970
=Stuttgart=
The trains entered service on the Stuttgart S-Bahn network in 1978.
The last trains (420 450 and 420 461){{cite news |author= |date=November 1, 2016 |title=S-Bahnen ET 420 auf letzter Fahrt |trans-title=ET 420 S-Bahn trains on their last run |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.nahverkehr-in-der-region-stuttgart-s-bahnen-et-420-auf-letzter-fahrt.6cf5def2-0699-4bcd-a8a1-16aafabfd562.html |language=de |work=Stuttgarter Zeitung |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191124133139/https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.nahverkehr-in-der-region-stuttgart-s-bahnen-et-420-auf-letzter-fahrt.6cf5def2-0699-4bcd-a8a1-16aafabfd562.html |archive-date=November 24, 2019 |url-status=live}} were withdrawn from Stuttgart S-Bahn services after an official farewell run from Plochingen to Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof on November 4, 2016, followed by five scheduled public farewell runs on the same day.
=Frankfurt and Rhine-Main area=
The trains entered service in the Rhine-Main area in April 1978.{{cite news |author= |date=October 31, 2014 |title=S-Bahn-Oldtimer nimmt Abschied |trans-title=S-Bahn oldtimer says goodbye |url=http://www.hr-online.de/website/rubriken/nachrichten/indexhessen34938.jsp?rubrik=36082&key=standard_document_53430421 |language=de |website=hr-online.de |publisher=Hessischer Rundfunk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105081433/http://www.hr-online.de/website/rubriken/nachrichten/indexhessen34938.jsp?rubrik=36082&key=standard_document_53430421 |archive-date=November 5, 2014 |url-status=dead}}
The last trains were withdrawn from Frankfurt/Rhein-Main S-Bahn services in November 2014.{{cite web |url=https://pro-bahn-hessen.de/?p=1541 |title=Der ET 420 hat ausgedient – eine Geschichte von bedeutender Infrastruktur in einem Ballungsraum ist zu Ende |trans-title=The ET 420 has had its day - a story of significant infrastructure in an urban area is over |language=de |date=November 5, 2014 |website=pro-bahn-hessen.de |publisher=PRO BAHN Landesverband Hessen e.V. |access-date=November 24, 2019 }}
=Cologne and Rhine-Ruhr area=
Class 420 trains entered service in the Rhine-Ruhr area in May 1974. The trains had smoking and non-smoking cars.{{cite web |url=https://www.report-k.de/Koeln-Nachrichten/Koeln-Verkehr/Vor-50-Jahren-Land-NRW-und-Deutsche-Bahn-vereinbaren-Einfuehrung-der-S-Bahn-48469 |title=Vor 50 Jahren: Land NRW und Deutsche Bahn vereinbaren Einführung der S-Bahn |trans-title=50 years ago: Land NRW and Deutsche Bahn agree on the introduction of the S-Bahn |language=de |date=August 30, 2015 |website=report-k.de |publisher=Atelier Goral GmbH |access-date=September 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190902101742/https://www.report-k.de/Koeln-Nachrichten/Koeln-Verkehr/Vor-50-Jahren-Land-NRW-und-Deutsche-Bahn-vereinbaren-Einfuehrung-der-S-Bahn-48469 |archive-date=September 2, 2019 |url-status=live}}
=Stockholm=
In 2003, 15 sets were lent to Storstockholms Lokaltrafik for use on Pendeltåg services around Stockholm. These SL Class X420 trains underwent modifications, which included changes to the cabs, the addition of Swedish Automatic Train Control, and boards to cope with the lower platform heights in Stockholm.{{cite web |last=Hondius |first=Harry |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/pendeltaringg-x60-emu-takes-shape.html |title=Pendeltåg X60 EMU takes shape |date=September 1, 2003 |website=railwaygazette.com |publisher=Railway Gazette |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328102921/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/pendeltaringg-x60-emu-takes-shape.html |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |url-status=live}} The trains were scrapped after their withdrawal.{{cite web |last=Walter |first=Dirk |date=February 7, 2013 |title=S-Bahn will Uralt-Züge aus Stuttgart holen |trans-title=S-Bahn wants to get old trains from Stuttgart |url=https://www.merkur.de/lokales/muenchen/stadt-muenchen/s-bahn-will-zuege-stuttgart-holen-2736597.html |language=de |work=Münchner Merkur |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191124130326/https://www.merkur.de/lokales/muenchen/stadt-muenchen/s-bahn-will-zuege-stuttgart-holen-2736597.html |archive-date=November 24, 2019 |url-status=live}}
File:X420 065 Södra Järnvägsbron,Stockholm 2004-10-21.jpg|A X420 train in Stockholm in October 2004
Preserved examples
Five units and one end car are preserved in various museums.
- 420 001: Prototype set, preserved at the DB Museum in Nuremberg
- 420 002: Prototype end car 420 002, preserved at the Deutsches Museum Verkehrszentrum in Munich
- 420 298: Former S-Bahn Stuttgart / S-Bahn Rhein-Main unit, preserved by Oberhessische Eisenbahnfreunde in Gießen{{cite web |url=https://www.oef-online.de/unsere-fahrzeuge/420-298 |title=420 298 - Elektrischer Triebzug |trans-title=420 298 - Electric multiple unit |language=de |website=oef-online.de |publisher=Oberhessische Eisenbahnfreunde e.V |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191124124751/https://www.oef-online.de/unsere-fahrzeuge/420-298 |archive-date=November 24, 2019 |url-status=live}}
- 420 300: First unit for the Stuttgart S-Bahn network, preserved at the Eisenbahn-Erlebniswelt in Horb am Neckar{{cite web |last=Sannert |first=Doris |url=https://www.schwarzwaelder-bote.de/inhalt.horb-a-n-s-bahn-geschichte-im-triebwagen.8b211cf8-6519-4bfa-ab43-9bba8898c9cf.html |title=S-Bahn-Geschichte im Triebwagen |trans-title=S-Bahn history in the multiple unit |date=October 20, 2011 |website=schwarzwaelder-bote.de |publisher=Schwarzwälder Bote Mediengesellschaft mbH |location=Horb am Neckar |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191124125244/https://www.schwarzwaelder-bote.de/inhalt.horb-a-n-s-bahn-geschichte-im-triebwagen.8b211cf8-6519-4bfa-ab43-9bba8898c9cf.html |archive-date=November 24, 2019 |url-status=live}}
- 420 400: Refurbished 420Plus unit, preserved at the Eisenbahn-Erlebniswelt in Horb am Neckar{{cite web |url=http://www.eisenbahn-erlebniswelt.de/baureihe420.html |title=Baureihe 420 |trans-title=Class 420 |language=de |website=eisenbahn-erlebniswelt.de |publisher=Schienenverkehrsgesellschaft mbH (SVG) |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191124125055/http://www.eisenbahn-erlebniswelt.de/baureihe420.html |archive-date=November 24, 2019 |url-status=live}}
- 420 416: Refurbished 420Plus unit, preserved at the DB Museum in Nuremberg{{cite web |url=https://www.dbmuseum.de/museum_de/ausstellungen_fahrzeuge/fahrzeuge/fahrzeughalle_II/420_Plus-2602554 |title=ET 420 416 mit Sonderausstattung (420Plus) |trans-title=ET 420 416 with special features (420Plus) |language=de |website=dbmuseum.de |publisher=Deutsche Bahn Stiftung |access-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190920094910/https://www.dbmuseum.de/museum_de/ausstellungen_fahrzeuge/fahrzeuge/fahrzeughalle_II/420_Plus-2602554 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |url-status=live}}
Additionally, one cab end is preserved as a driving simulator.{{cite news |author= |date=October 30, 2016 |title=Faszination Bahnhof |trans-title=Fascination station |url=https://www.dewezet.de/region/hameln_artikel,-faszination-bahnhof-_arid,2322463.html |language=de |work=Deister- und Weserzeitung |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314105129/https://www.dewezet.de/region/hameln_artikel,-faszination-bahnhof-_arid,2322463.html |archive-date=March 14, 2019 |url-status=live}}
File:DB BR 420 002-8, Blau-Weiß-Lackierung - (DE) Deutsches Verkehrsmuseum München - 26.04.2014 (14205600153).jpg|End car 420 002 at the Deutsches Museum Verkehrszentrum in Munich
File:2019-10-21 Umbau Bahnhof Cottbus, grand opening of Bahnhofsvorplatz (train simulator).jpg|Cab end with driving simulator
File:Train at the DB Museum Nürnberg October 2015.jpg|420Plus at the DB Museum in Nuremberg
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{commons category}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20190507053613/http://www.igsbahn-muenchen.de/et420.shtml Die Baureihe 420 der Deutschen Bahn - Interessengemeinschaft S-Bahn München e.V.] {{in lang|de}}
{{German EMUs}}
{{Swedish railway stock}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Db Class 420}}