DCL1

DCL1 is localized exclusively in the plant cell nucleus,{{cite journal | vauthors = Tomassi AH, Re DA, Romani F, Cambiagno DA, Gonzalo L, Moreno JE, Arce AL, Manavella PA | display-authors = 6 | title = The Intrinsically Disordered Protein CARP9 Bridges HYL1 to AGO1 in the Nucleus to Promote MicroRNA Activity | journal = Plant Physiology | volume = 184 | issue = 1 | pages = 316–329 | date = September 2020 | pmid = 32636339 | pmc = 7479909 | doi = 10.1104/pp.20.00258 }} together with the double-stranded RNA binding protein Hyponastic Leaves1 (HYL1), CTD-Phosphatase-Like1 (CPL1) and the zinc finger protein SERRATE (SE), form nuclear dicing bodies or D-bodies. In these membraneless organelles, pri-miRNAs are recognized and processes into pre-miRNAs and subsequently into mature miRNA duplexes, by the binding of additional proteins such as Constitutive Alterations in the Small RNAs Pathways9 (CARP9). In plants, DCL1 is responsible both for processing a primary miRNA to a pre-miRNA, and for then processing the pre-miRNA to a mature miRNA.{{cite journal | vauthors = Wei X, Ke H, Wen A, Gao B, Shi J, Feng Y | title = Structural basis of microRNA processing by Dicer-like 1 | journal = Nature Plants | volume = 7 | issue = 10 | pages = 1389–1396 | date = October 2021 | pmid = 34593993 | doi = 10.1038/s41477-021-01000-1 | s2cid = 238240098 }} In animals, the equivalents of these two steps are carried out by different proteins; First, pri-miRNA processing takes place in the nucleus by the ribonuclease Drosha as part of the Microprocessor complex. Second and finally processing to a mature miRNA takes place in the cytoplasm by Dicer to yield a mature miRNA.

File:DCL1-HYL-SE-CARP9_scaffolding_and_miRNA_maturation_in_plants.jpgIn animals, hairpin-containing primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) are cleaved by Drosha to generate precursor-miRNAs, a double strand palindromic structure typically call hairpin pre-miRNAs, which are subsequently cleaved by Dicer to generate mature miRNAs. Instead of being cleaved by two different enzymes, both cleavages in plants are performed by Dicer-like 1 (DCL1), despite a similar domain architecture between both homologous enzymes. Recent single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structures of both complexes of dsRNA structures ([https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7ELD pri-RNA] and [https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7ELE pre-miRNA]) as ligand of Arabidopsis DCL1, in cleavage-competent state, suggest that PAZ domain plasticity allow its to get involved in pri-miRNA and pre-miRNA recognition, the possibility of an internal loop binding groove of this protein domain, which serves as an engine that transfers the substrate between two sequential cleavage events.

Although DCL1 is responsible for the majority of the miRNA processing in plants, most plants contain an additional set of DCLs proteins with related roles in RNA processing, the number of additional members of the same family depends on the plant family. For instance, in Brassicaceae there are 5 additional paralog genes to DLC1, DCL2, DCL3, DCL4 and two RNASE III-LIKE genes RTL1 and RTL2;{{Cite journal | vauthors = Belal MA, Ezzat M, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Cao Y, Han Y |date=2022 |title=Integrative Analysis of the DICER-like (DCL) Genes From Peach (Prunus persica): A Critical Role in Response to Drought Stress |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2022.923166 |issn=2296-701X|doi-access=free }} Howeversome dicots such as Populus trichocarpa{{cite journal | vauthors = Moura MO, Fausto AK, Fanelli A, Guedes FA, Silva TD, Romanel E, Vaslin MF | title = Genome-wide identification of the Dicer-like family in cotton and analysis of the DCL expression modulation in response to biotic stress in two contrasting commercial cultivars | journal = BMC Plant Biology | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 503 | date = November 2019 | pmid = 31729948 | pmc = 6858778 | doi = 10.1186/s12870-019-2112-4 | doi-access = free }} as well the majority of monocots plants have five to six DCLs, where DCL2 and DCL3 suffered an additional duplication into the genes DCL2a and DCL2. DCL3's duplication is monocot-specific, generating the genes DCL3a and DCL3b, also called DCL3 and DCL5 respectively.{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen S, Liu W, Naganuma M, Tomari Y, Iwakawa HO | title = Functional specialization of monocot DCL3 and DCL5 proteins through the evolution of the PAZ domain | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 50 | issue = 8 | pages = 4669–4684 | date = May 2022 | pmid = 35380679 | pmc = 9071481 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkac223 }}

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{{cite journal | vauthors = Schauer SE, Jacobsen SE, Meinke DW, Ray A | title = DICER-LIKE1: blind men and elephants in Arabidopsis development | journal = Trends in Plant Science | volume = 7 | issue = 11 | pages = 487–491 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12417148 | doi = 10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02355-5 }}

{{cite journal | vauthors = Axtell MJ, Westholm JO, Lai EC | title = Vive la différence: biogenesis and evolution of microRNAs in plants and animals | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 12 | issue = 4 | pages = 221 | date = 2011 | pmid = 21554756 | pmc = 3218855 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-221 | doi-access = free }}

{{cite journal | vauthors = Fang X, Cui Y, Li Y, Qi Y | title = Transcription and processing of primary microRNAs are coupled by Elongator complex in Arabidopsis | journal = Nature Plants | volume = 1 | issue = 6 | pages = 15075 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 27250010 | doi = 10.1038/nplants.2015.75 | s2cid = 12544460 }}

{{cite journal | vauthors = Parent JS, Bouteiller N, Elmayan T, Vaucheret H | title = Respective contributions of Arabidopsis DCL2 and DCL4 to RNA silencing | journal = The Plant Journal | volume = 81 | issue = 2 | pages = 223–232 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25376953 | doi = 10.1111/tpj.12720 | doi-access = }}

{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagano H, Fukudome A, Hiraguri A, Moriyama H, Fukuhara T | title = Distinct substrate specificities of Arabidopsis DCL3 and DCL4 | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 42 | issue = 3 | pages = 1845–1856 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24214956 | pmc = 3919572 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkt1077 }}

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Category:Ribonucleases

Category:Plant proteins

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