Da (Mongolic)#Mongolian language
{{Short description|Letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages}}
Da is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.{{Cite web |title=The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts |url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/ch13.pdf |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=www.unicode.org |archive-date=2021-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031005651/https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/ch13.pdf |url-status=live }}{{Rp|pages=549–551}}
Mongolian language
{{Wiktionary|ᠳ}}
{{Main|Mongolian script|Mongolian writing systems|Mongolian language}}
{{Infobox Mongolian script letter
|heading = Da
|image = File:Mongolian letter Da (isolated form).svg
|size = 120px
}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; display: inline-table;"
! colspan="5" style="text-align: left" |C-V syllables{{Cite book |last=Skorodumova |first=L. G. |url=http://altaica.ru/manuals/skorodumova_staromong.pdf |title=Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk |year=2000 |publisher=Muravey-Gayd |isbn=5-8463-0015-4 |language=ru |script-title=ru:Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык}}{{Rp|page=31}} |
| style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|da}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|de}}
! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|di}} ! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|do}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|du}} ! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|dö}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|dü}} ! style="text-align: left" |Transliteration |
|---|
| rowspan="2" |{{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠠ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}{{Break}}{{NoteTag|As in the second person singular/plural pronoun {{MongolUnicode|ᠲᠠ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} {{Transliteration|Mong|ta}} 'you',{{Refn|name=Lessing1960|{{Cite book |last=Lessing |first=Ferdinand |url=http://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/mong/Lessing.pdf |title=Mongolian-English Dictionary |year=1960 |publisher=University of California Press |language=en}} Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations {{Transliteration|Mong|c}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ø}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|x}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|y}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|z}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ai}}, and {{Transliteration|Mong|ei}}; instead of {{Transliteration|Mong|č}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ö}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|q}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ü}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ǰ}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ayi}}, and {{Transliteration|Mong|eyi}};{{Rp|page=xii}} as well as problematically and incorrectly treats {{Em|all}} rounded vowels ({{Transliteration|Mong|o/u/ö/ü}}) after the initial syllable as {{Transliteration|Mong|u}} or {{Transliteration|Mong|ü}}.{{Refn|{{Cite web |title=Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription |url=https://collab.its.virginia.edu/wiki/tibetan-script/Mongolian%20Transliteration%20&%20Transcription.html |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=collab.its.virginia.edu}}}}}}{{Rp|page=760}}{{Rp|pages=85–86}} or the intensifying {{Nowrap|{{Angbr|{{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠠ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}}}}} {{Transliteration|Mong|da/de}} (Khalkha: {{Lang|khk-Cyrl|даа/дээ}} {{Transliteration|khk|daa/dee}}) particle used after the predicate.{{Refn|name=Lessing1960}}{{Rp|page=211}}}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Gray|{{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠢ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}}} |{{Gray|{{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠣ{{fvs|1}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}}} |{{Gray|{{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠥ{{fvs|1}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}}} ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: left" |Alone |
| {{Gray|{{MongolUnicode|ᠳ{{fvs|1}}ᠣ{{fvs|1}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}}}
|{{Gray|{{MongolUnicode|ᠳ{{fvs|1}}ᠥ{{fvs|1}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}}} |
| {{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠠ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠢ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠣ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠥ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} ! style="text-align: left" |Initial |
| {{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠳᠠ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}
|{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠳᠢ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} | colspan="2" |{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠳᠣ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} ! style="text-align: left" |Medial |
| {{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠳᠠ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}
|{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠳᠢ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} | colspan="2" |{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠳᠣ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} ! style="text-align: left" |Final |
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; display: inline-table;"
! colspan="4" style="text-align: left" |Separated suffixes{{NoteTag|Separated suffixes starting with the letter {{Transliteration|Mong|d}} include: {{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠠᠬᠢ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}daki}}/{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}deki}} (dative-locative or ordinal), {{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠠᠭ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}}/{{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠡᠭ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}daɣ}}/{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}deg}} (regular action), {{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}}/{{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}daɣan}}/{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}degen}} (reflexive+dative-locative), {{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}}/{{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}duɣar}}/{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}düger}} (ordinal), and {{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠤ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}du}}/{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}dü}} or {{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠤᠷ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}dur}}/{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}dür}} (dative-locative).{{Refn|{{Cite web |title=PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F) |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17036-mongolian-suffix.pdf |date=2017-01-15 |website=UTC Document Register for 2017}}}}}} |
| style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}d{{Gray|(...)}}}}
! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}da}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}de}} ! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}du}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}dü}} ! style="text-align: left" |Transliteration |
|---|
| rowspan="2" |File:Mongolian letter Da (initial form-2).svg
|— |{{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠤ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} ! style="text-align: left" |Whole |
| {{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠠ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}}
|{{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠳᠤ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} ! style="text-align: left" |Initial |
- Transcribes Chakhar {{IPAslink|d}};{{Cite web |title=Mongolian Traditional Script |url=http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writmongol/index.html |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site |archive-date=2022-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118191034/http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writmongol/index.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Writing – Study Mongolian |url=http://www.studymongolian.net/lessons/basics/writing/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Study Mongolian |date=August 2013 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031063159/http://www.studymongolian.net/lessons/basics/writing/ |url-status=live }} Khalkha {{IPAslink|t}}, and {{IPAslink|tʰ}}.{{Cite book |last1=Svantesson |first1=Jan-Olof |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQVREAAAQBAJ |title=The Phonology of Mongolian |last2=Tsendina |first2=Anna |last3=Karlsson |first3=Anastasia |last4=Franzen |first4=Vivan |date=2005-02-10 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-151461-6 |language=en}}{{Rp|pages=40–42}} Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter {{Script|Cyrl|д}}.
- Syllable-initially indistinguishable from {{Transliteration|Mong|t}}.{{Rp|page=23}}{{Cite book |last1=Grønbech |first1=Kaare |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YanEBJXGRMC |title=An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary |last2=Krueger |first2=John Richard |year=1993 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03298-8 |language=en}}{{Rp|page=9}} When it must be distinguished from {{Transliteration|Mong|t}} medially, it can be written twice, and with both medial forms (as in {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ|h|lang=mn}} {{Transliteration|Mong|qudduɣ}} 'well', compared with {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭ|h|lang=mn}} {{Transliteration|Mong|qutuɣ}} 'holy').{{Rp|page=59}}{{Cite web |title=Mongolian State Dictionary |url=https://mongoltoli.mn/dictionary/index.php |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Mongol toli |language=mn |archive-date=2022-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117171528/https://mongoltoli.mn/dictionary/index.php |url-status=live }} Alternatively, a dot is sometimes used to the right of the letter in 19th and 20th century manuscripts.{{Rp|page=26}}
- The belly-tooth-shaped form is used before consonants (syllable-final), the other before vowels.{{Rp|page=58}}{{Cite web |title=A Study of Traditional Mongolian Script Encodings and Rendering: Use of Unicode in OpenType fonts |url=https://colips.org/journals/volume21/21.1.3-Biligsaikhan.pdf |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=COLIPS – Chinese and Oriental Languages Information Processing Society |archive-date=2022-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524213501/https://colips.org/journals/volume21/21.1.3-Biligsaikhan.pdf |url-status=live }}{{Rp|page=5}}
- Derived from Old Uyghur taw ({{Lang|oui-Ougr|𐾀}}; initial, belly-tooth-shaped medial, and final) and lamedh ({{Lang|oui-Ougr|𐽸}}; other medial form).{{Rp|pages=539–540, 545–546}}{{Cite book |last=Clauson |first=Gerard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8O-BAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA111 |title=Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics |date=2005-11-04 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-43012-3 |language=en}}{{Rp|pages=111, 113}}{{Cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuCRAgAAQBAJ |title=The Mongolic Languages |date=2006-01-27 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79690-7 |language=en}}{{Rp|page=35}}
- Positional variants of lamedh {{Angbr|{{MongolUnicode|ᠳ{{fvs|1}}{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}/{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠲ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}/{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠳ{{fvs|1}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}}} can be used to clarify the spelling of {{Transliteration|Mong|d}} in words of foreign origin, as in {{MongolUnicode|ᠳ{{fvs|1}}ᠣᠻᠲ{{fvs|1}}ᠣᠷ|lang=mn|valign=middle}} {{Transliteration|Mong|dokhtor}} 'doctor' ({{Lang|mn-Cyrl|доктор}} {{Transliteration|Mong|doktor}}), {{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠡᠳ{{fvs|1}}|lang=mn|valign=middle}} {{Transliteration|Mong|ded}} 'the following, the succeeding' ({{Lang|mn-Cyrl|дэд}} {{Transliteration|Mong|ded}}), and {{MongolUnicode|ᠡᠳ{{fvs|1}}|lang=mn|valign=middle}} {{Transliteration|Mong|ed}} 'goods, property' (distinguishing it from {{MongolUnicode|ᠣᠨ|lang=mn|valign=middle}} {{Transliteration|Mong|on}} 'year', and retained in derivatives such as {{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|ᠡᠳ{{fvs|1}}ᠯᠡᠯ|lang=mn|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Transliteration|Mong|edlel}} 'possession' ({{Lang|mn-Cyrl|эдлэл}} {{Transliteration|Mong|edlel}}); {{Lang|mn-Cyrl|эд}} {{Transliteration|Mong|ed}}).{{Rp|pages=23, 32, 55}}{{Rp|page=31}}{{Rp|pages=39, 41}}{{Cite book |last=Bawden |first=Charles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cULYAQAAQBAJ |title=Mongolian English Dictionary |date=2013-10-28 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-15588-8 |language=en}}
- Produced with {{Key press|D}} using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.{{Cite web |last=jowilco |title=Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/globalization/windows-keyboard-layouts |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Microsoft Docs |language=en-us |archive-date=2022-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526090150/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/globalization/windows-keyboard-layouts |url-status=live }}
- In the Mongolian Unicode block, {{Transliteration|Mong|d}} comes after {{Transliteration|Mong|t}} and before {{Transliteration|Mong|č}}.
Clear Script
{{Wiktionary|ᡑ}}
{{Main|Clear Script}}
Xibe language
{{Wiktionary|ᡩ}}
{{Main|Xibe language#Alphabet}}
Manchu language
{{Wiktionary|ᡩ}}
{{Main|Manchu alphabet}}
Notes
{{Notelist}}
{{NoteFoot}}