Daai language

{{Short description|Kuki-Chin language of Myanmar}}

{{distinguish|Mün Chin language}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Daai

|region=Myanmar (Burma)

|ethnicity=Daai Chin

|speakers=37,000

|date=2010

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan

|fam2=Tibeto-Burman

|fam3=Central Tibeto-Burman (?)

|fam4=Kuki-Chin-Naga

|fam5=Kuki-Chin

|fam6=Southern

|iso3=dao

|glotto=daai1236

|glottorefname=Daai Chin

}}

Daai (also known as Daai Chin), which borders the Mün and Ütbü language groups, is a Kuki-Chin of Myanmar (Burma). It is spoken in 142 villages in Kanpetlet, Matupi, Mindat, and Paletwa townships in Chin State, Burma (Ethnologue). A written script for Daai was created in 1976 by U Khine Sho and Ms. Halga So Hart Manno.{{Cite journal |last=Lian |first=Salai Van Cung |last2=Salem-Gervais |first2=Nicolas |date=November 2020 |title=How Many Chin Languages Should Be Taught in Government Schools? Ongoing developments and structural challenges of language-in-education policy in Chin State |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345667190_How_Many_Chin_Languages_Should_Be_Taught_in_Government_Schools_Ongoing_developments_and_structural_challenges_of_language-in-education_policy_in_Chin_State |journal=Parami Journal of Education |volume=1 |issue=1}}

Mutual intelligibility among Nghngilo (Yang), Daa Yindu, and Mkui groups is high, but is lower among other groups.{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Myanmar |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010180533/http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages |archive-date=2016-10-10 |website=Ethnologue: Languages of the World}} Daai has greater than 90% lexical similarity with Daa Yindu, Yang, Mkui, Duk, and Msang, 81%–88% with Ngxang (Paletwa township) and Kheng, 80% with Shiip (Matupi township), 91%–94% with Gah/Ng-Gha (part of Mün), and 81%–87% with Mün.

Dialects

Ethnologue lists the following dialects of daai Chin.

  • Ngxang
  • Nghngilo (Yang)
  • Ma-Tu
  • Shiip
  • Duk-Msang
  • Kheng
  • Mkuui
  • Yet

Phonology

=Consonants=

Daai has twenty-four consonant phonemes.

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

!

! Bilabial

! Alveolar

! Palatal

! Velar

! Glottal

Nasals

| {{IPA link|m̥}} {{IPA link|m}}

| {{IPA link|n̥}} {{IPA link|n}}

|

| {{IPA link|ŋ̊}} {{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

Plosives

| {{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|pʰ}} {{IPA link|b}}

| {{IPA link|t}} {{IPA link|tʰ}} {{IPA link|d}}

|

| {{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|kʰ}}

| {{IPA link|ʔ}}

Fricatives

|

| {{IPA link|s}} {{IPA link|sʰ}}

|

| {{IPA link|x}} {{IPA link|ɣ}}

| {{IPA link|h}}

Lateral Fricatives

|

| {{IPA link|ɬ}}

|

|

|

Approximants

| {{IPA link|w}}

| {{IPA link|l}}

| {{IPA link|j}}

|

|

=Vowels=

Daai has seven vowel phonemes, each with a phonemic length contrast.

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
rowspan="2" |  

! rowspan="2" | Front

! rowspan="2" | Central

! colspan="2" | Back

{{small|Unrounded}}

! {{small|Rounded}}

class="nounderlines"

! High

| {{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}

|

| {{IPA link|ɯ}} {{IPA link|ɯː}}

| {{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}

class="nounderlines"

! Mid

| {{IPA link|ɛ}} {{IPA link|ɛː}}

| {{IPA link|ə}} {{IPA link|əː}}

|

| {{IPA link|ɔ}} {{IPA link|ɔː}}

class="nounderlines"
class="nounderlines"

! Low

|

| {{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}

|

|

Grammar

Daai is an isolating or analytic language. There is no inflectional morphology at the word level; case, number, and tense are marked by clitics.

Examples

class="wikitable"

!Daai !! English

mthannight
mpyongmouth
kpyakto destroy
phato arrive
Nghngaai-ktheih hmin lokti.The mango fruits became ripe.
Mat jah mata i:ma am ngleh-ei ni.They did not visit each other's houses.

References

{{Reflist}}

  • Naing Kheng. 2017. [http://inter.payap.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/linguistics_students/Naing_Kheng-Thesis_final_2017.pdf A phonological description of the Mkuui variety of Dai Chin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612184554/https://inter.payap.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/linguistics_students/Naing_Kheng-Thesis_final_2017.pdf |date=2018-06-12 }}. Master's Thesis.
  • Helga So-Hartmann. 2009. [http://stedt.berkeley.edu/pubs_and_prods/STEDT_Monograph7_Daai-Chin.pdf A Descriptive Grammar of Dai Chin]. The Regents University of California.

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}

{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}

{{Languages of Burma}}

Category:Kuki-Chin languages

Category:Languages of Myanmar

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