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Daasanach language

{{short description|Lowland East Cushitic language of East Africa}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Daasanach

| nativename = {{lang|dsh|Af Daasanach}}, {{lang|dsh|’Daasanach}}

| states = Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan

| region = Lower Omo River, Lake Turkana

| ethnicity = Daasanach

| speakers = {{sigfig|71,100|2}}

| date = 2007–2019

| ref = e27

| script = Latin

| familycolor = Afro-Asiatic

| fam2 = Cushitic

| fam3 = East

| fam4 = Lowland East

| fam5 = Western Omo–Tana

| iso3 = dsh

| glotto = daas1238

| glottorefname = Daasanach

}}

Daasanach (also known as Dasenech, Daasanech, Dathanaik, Dathanaic, Dathanik, Dhaasanac, Gheleba, Geleba, Geleb, Gelebinya, Gallab, Galuba, Gelab, Gelubba, Dama, Marille, Merile, Merille, Morille, Reshiat, Russia) is a Cushitic language spoken by the Daasanach in Ethiopia, South Sudan and Kenya whose homeland is along the Lower Omo River and on the shores of Lake Turkana.Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Dental/
Alveolar

!Post-
alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

rowspan="2" |Plosive

!{{Small|plain}}

|{{IPAlink|b}}

|{{IPAlink|t̪}}{{ns}}{{IPAlink|d̪}}

|

|{{IPAlink|c}}{{ns}}{{IPAlink|ɟ}}

|{{IPAlink|k}}{{ns}}{{IPAlink|ɡ}}

|{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

{{Small|implosive}}

|{{IPAlink|ɓ}}

|

|{{IPAlink|ɗ̠}}

|{{IPAlink|ʄ}}

|{{IPAlink|ɠ}}

|

rowspan="2" |Fricative

!{{Small|central}}

|{{IPAlink|f}}{{ns}}({{IPAlink|v}})

|{{IPAlink|ð}}

|

|

|

|({{IPAlink|h}})

{{Small|sibilant}}

|

|{{IPAlink|s}}{{ns}}({{IPAlink|z}})

|{{IPAlink|ʃ}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPAlink|m}}

|{{IPAlink|n}}

|

|{{IPAlink|ɲ}}

|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|

colspan="2" |Trill

|

|{{IPAlink|r}}

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Lateral

|

|{{IPAlink|l}}

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPAlink|w}}

|

|

|{{IPAlink|j}}

|

|

  • A glottal [h] may also occur in word-initial position, when preceding vowels in various positions
  • /ð/ may freely alternate with an alveolar [z] among speakers.
  • /w/ may be heard as a fricative [v] when before front vowels.
  • Sounds /t̪, k/ can be heard as spiranted [ð, ɣ] in intervocalic positions. /k/ can also be heard as uvular [χ] when in between back vowel sounds.
  • /k/ can be heard as a uvular [q] when before back vowel sounds.
  • /ɗ̠/ in intervocalic positions can be deglottalized, and heard as either retroflex sounds [ɖ] or [ɽ].{{Sfn|Tosco|2001|p=16-34}}

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

|{{IPAlink|ɪ}} {{IPAlink|iː}}

|

|{{IPAlink|ʊ}} {{IPAlink|uː}}

Mid

|{{IPAlink|ɛ}} {{IPAlink|ɛː}}

|

|{{IPAlink|ɔ}} {{IPAlink|ɔː}}

Open

|

|{{IPAlink|a}} {{IPAlink|aː}}

|

Writing system

Jim Ness and Susan Ness of Bible Translation and Literacy and Wycliffe Bible Translators devised a practical spelling and published a 1995 alphabet book. Yergalech Komoi and Gosh Kwanyangʼ published another alphabet book in 1995. An edition of the Gospel of Mark was published in 1997, and other Bible translations were published with this spelling in 1999.{{sfn|Tosco|2001|p=7}}

The alphabet was later revised, with the digraph {{angle bracket|dh}} replaced by a bowl-struck đ (approximately {{angle bracket|d̶}}).

class="wikitable"

|+ Daasanach alphabet{{sfn|Nyingole|Kwanyangʼ|2013a}}{{sfn|Nyingole|Kwanyangʼ|2013b}}{{sfn|Tosco|2001|p=7}}

! Letters

| ʼ

abʼbch

| d

ʼdđef

| g

ʼghiʼj

| k

lmnngʼ

| ny

orssh

| t

uv| wy
Pronunciation

| {{IPAlink|ʔ}} || {{IPAlink|a}} || {{IPAlink|b}} || {{IPAlink|ɓ}} || {{IPAlink|c}}

| {{IPAlink|d}} || {{IPAlink|ɗ}} || {{IPAlink|ð}} || {{IPAlink|e}} || {{IPAlink|f}}

| {{IPAlink|g}} || {{IPAlink|ɠ}} || {{IPAlink|h}} || {{IPAlink|i}} || {{IPAlink|ɟ}}

| {{IPAlink|k}} || {{IPAlink|l}} || {{IPAlink|m}} || {{IPAlink|n}} || {{IPAlink|ŋ}}

| {{IPAlink|ɲ}} || {{IPAlink|o}} || {{IPAlink|r}} || {{IPAlink|s}} || {{IPAlink|ʃ}}

| {{IPAlink|t}} || {{IPAlink|u}} || {{IPAlink|v}} || {{IPAlink|w}} || {{IPAlink|j}}

Vowels can be given with the acute accent, {{anglebracket|á, é, í, ó, ú}}, or the circumflex accent {{anglebracket|â, ê, î, ô, û}}.{{sfn|Nyingole|Kwanyangʼ|2013a}}{{sfn|Nyingole|Kwanyangʼ|2013b}}

Notes

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • Sasse, Hans-Jürgen. 1976. "Dasenech" in: Bender, M. Lionel (ed.): The Non-Semitic Languages of Ethiopia. pp. 196–221. East Lansing: African Studies Center.
  • {{cite book |last1=Tosco |first1=Mauro |title=The Dhaasanac Language: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary of a Cushitic Language of Ethiopia |date=2001 |series=Cushitic Language Studies |volume=17 |location=Cologne |publisher=Rüdiger Köppe Verlag |isbn=978-3-89645-064-7 |language=en}}
  • {{cite web |title=Warꞌgát Hátlé Ke Túóy Muogká ꞌDéé Um Ke Oonootká |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/65538 |website=SIL International |language=en |date=15 September 2022 |ref={{harvid|Nyingole|Kwanyangʼ|2013a}}}}
  • {{cite web |title=Af Daasanach Tuony Mé Gáá Koonlé |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/65537 |website=SIL International |language=en |date=15 September 2022 |ref={{harvid|Nyingole|Kwanyangʼ|2013b}}}}

External links

  • [http://www.muturzikin.com/cartesafrique/17.htm Linguistic map of Daasanach language at Muturzikin.com]
  • World Atlas of Language Structures information on [http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_dha Dhaasanac]

{{Languages of Ethiopia}}

{{Languages of Kenya}}

{{Languages of South Sudan}}

{{Cushitic languages}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daasanach Language}}

Category:Western Omo–Tana languages

Category:Languages of Ethiopia

Category:Languages of Kenya

{{AfroAsiatic-lang-stub}}

{{Kenya-stub}}

{{Ethiopia-stub}}