Daedalus#Daedalus and his nephew

The name Daidalos seems to be attested in Linear B, a writing system used to record Mycenaean Greek. The name appears in the form da-da-re-jo-de, possibly referring to a sanctuary.Wachter, Rudolf. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=COR8DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22e-re-u-te-ro-se%22&pg=PA243 Homeric – Mycenaean Word Index (MYC)". In: Prolegomena. Edited by Joachim Latacz, Anton Bierl and Stuart Douglas Olson [English Edition]. Berlin, München, Boston: De Gruyter, 2015. p. 241. {{doi|10.1515/9781501501746-015}}Morris, Sarah P. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zqtx2tpGAk4C&dq=%22da-da-re-jo-de%22&pg=PA76 Daidalos and the Origins of Greek Art]. Princeton University Press, 1995. p. 76. {{ISBN|978-0-691-00160-9}}.Kerényi, Carl. [https://books.google.com/books?id=u2XcDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22da-da-re-jo-de%22&pg=PA100 Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life]. Volume 130 de Mythos: The Princeton/Bollingen Series in World Mythology. Princeton University Press, 2020 [1976]. pp. 100-101. {{ISBN|978-0-691-21410-8}}.

Daedalus's parentage was supplied as a later addition, with various authors attributing different parents to him. His father is claimed to be either Eupalamus,Hyginus, Fabulae 39, 244 & 274; Servius on Virgil, Aeneid 6.14; Suida, s.v. [https://topostext.org/work/240#pi.1042 Πέρδικος ἱερόν]; Scholiast on Plato, Republic 7.529d Metion,Diodorus Siculus, 4.76.1; Plato, Ion 533a; Scholia on Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 472 or Palamaon.Pausanias, 9.3.2 Similarly, his mother was either Alcippe,Apollodorus, 3.15.9; Tzetzes, Chiliades 1.490; Scholiast on Plato, Ion 121a Iphinoe,Scholia on Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 468 & 472 PhrasmedeScholia on Plato, The Republic p. 529 or Merope, daughter of King Erechtheus.Plutarch, Theseus 19.5 Daedalus had two sons: Icarus{{Cite web|title=P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses, Book 8, line 183|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+8.183-235&fromdoc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} and Iapyx,{{Cite web|title=Strabo, Geography, Book 6, chapter 3, section 2|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+6.3.2&fromdoc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0198|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} along with a nephew named either Talos, Calos, or Perdix.{{Cite web|title=Apollodorus, Library, book 3, chapter 15, section 8|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.%203.15.8&lang=original|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}

The Athenians rewrote the Cretan-born Daedalus as an Athenian himself, the grandson of the ancient king ErechtheusThe son of Eupalamus, according to Hyginus, Fabulae 39 "ATHENA MYTHS 5 FAVOUR - Greek Mythology". www.theoi.com. Retrieved 2021-06-07. who only fled to Crete after killing his nephew.{{Cite web|title=Apollodorus, Library, book 3, chapter 15, section 8|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.%203.15.8&lang=original|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}

A mythical craftsman named Daedalus is first mentioned in roughly 1400 BC on the Knossian Linear B tablets. He is later mentioned by Homer as the creator of a dancing floor for Ariadne, similar to that which Hephaestus placed on the Shield of Achilles.{{Cite web|title=Andrew Stewart, One Hundred Greek Sculptors, Their Careers and Extant Works, The Sculptors, The Archaic Period|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0008:part=2:chapter=1&highlight=daedalus|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} It is clear that this Daedalus was not an original character of Homer's. Rather, Homer was referencing mythology that his audience was already familiar with.Robin Lane Fox, Travelling Heroes in the Epic Age of Homer, 2009:187, 178.

File:Daedalic torso of kore, Eleutherna, 7th century BC, AMH, 145400.jpg. Eleutherna, archaic period, 7th century BC.]]

Daedalus is not mentioned again in literature until the fifth century BC, but he is widely praised as an inventor, artist, and architect, though classical sources disagree on which inventions exactly are attributable to him. In Pliny's Natural History (7.198) he is credited with inventing carpentry, including tools like the axe, saw, glue, and more.{{Cite web|title=Andrew Stewart, One Hundred Greek Sculptors, Their Careers and Extant Works, The Sculptors, The Archaic Period|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0008:part=2:chapter=1&highlight=daedalus|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} Supposedly, he first invented masts and sails for ships for the navy of King Minos. He is also said to have carved statues so spirited they appeared to be living and moving.William Godwin (1876). "Lives of the Necromancers". p. 40. Pausanias, in traveling around Greece, attributed to Daedalus numerous archaic wooden cult figures (see xoana) that impressed him. In fact, so many other statues and artworks are attributed to Daedalus by Pausanias and various other sources that likely many of them were never made by him.{{Cite web|title=Andrew Stewart, One Hundred Greek Sculptors, Their Careers and Extant Works, The Sculptors, The Archaic Period|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0008:part=2:chapter=1&highlight=daedalus|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}

In his Socratic dialogue with Meno, Plato cites Daedalus's handiwork as a metaphor for genuine understanding of truth, as opposed to belief that coincidentally happens to be true. Socrates argues that while truth, like one of Daedalus's "moving" statues, is inherently valuable, their animacy would mean they are worthless if the owner cannot shackle them in place to stop them from wandering off.Plato, Meno 97a–98b, translated by Adam Beresford (in Beresford, 2005)

Daedalus gave his name, eponymously, to many Greek craftsmen and many Greek contraptions and inventions that represented dextrous skill. A specific sort of early Greek sculptures are named Daedalic sculpture in his honor.{{Cite web|title=Daedalic sculpture|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Daedalic-sculpture|access-date=2021-06-07|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}} In Boeotia there was a festival, the Daedala, in which a temporary wooden altar was fashioned and an effigy was made from an oak-tree and dressed in bridal attire. It was carried in a cart with a woman who acted as bridesmaid. The image was called daedala.{{Cite web|title=Pausanias, Description of Greece, Boeotia, chapter 3|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160:book=9:chapter=3&highlight=daedala|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} Some sources claim that the daedala did not receive their name from Daedalus, but the opposite. Pausanias claims that Daedalus was not the name given to the inventor at birth, but that he was named so later after the daedala.{{Cite web|title=Pausanias, Description of Greece, Boeotia, chapter 3|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160:book=9:chapter=3&highlight=daedala|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}

Some of the functions of Daedalus overlapped with those of Aristaeus (Aristaeos), another famous Greek inventor god. But Aristaeos mostly concerned himself with the rural and agricultural arts.

File:Minerva verandert Perdix in een vogel Metamorfosen van Ovidius (serietitel), RP-P-OB-15.948.jpg

Daedalus was so proud of his achievements that he could not bear the idea of a rival. His sister had placed her son under his charge to be taught the mechanical arts as an apprentice. His nephew is named variously as Perdix, Talos, or Calos, although some sources say that Perdix was the name of Daedalus' sister.{{Cite web|title=Apollodorus, Library, book 3, chapter 15, section 8|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.%203.15.8&lang=original|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} The nephew showed striking evidence of ingenuity. Finding the spine of a fish on the seashore, he took a piece of iron and notched it on the edge, and thus invented the saw. He put two pieces of iron together, connecting them at one end with a rivet, and sharpening the other ends, and made a pair of compasses.Both inventions are in Ovid, Metamorphoses 8.236 Daedalus was so envious of his nephew's accomplishments that he attempted to murder him by throwing him down from the Acropolis in Athens.{{Cite web|title=Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Circĭnus|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0062:entry=circinus-harpers&highlight=daedalus|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} Athena saved his nephew and turned him into a partridge.{{Cite web|title=P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses, Book 8, line 183|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.%20Met.%208.251&lang=original|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} Tried and convicted for this murder attempt, Daedalus left Athens and fled to Crete.{{Cite web|title=Apollodorus, Library, book 3, chapter 15, section 8|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.%203.15.8&lang=original|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}{{Cite web|title=Pausanias, Description of Greece, Attica, chapter 21|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160:book=1:chapter=21&highlight=daedalus|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}

Daedalus created the Labyrinth on Crete, in which the Minotaur was kept.

File:Pompeii - Casa dei Vettii - Pasiphae.jpg. Roman fresco in the House of the Vettii, Pompeii, first century AD]]

Poseidon had given a white bull to King Minos to use it as a sacrifice. Instead, the king kept the bull for himself and sacrificed another. As revenge, Poseidon, with the help of Aphrodite, made King Minos's wife, Pasiphaë, lust for the bull. Pasiphaë asked Daedalus to help her. Daedalus built a hollow, wooden cow, covered in real cow hide for Pasiphaë, so she could mate with the bull. As a result, Pasiphaë gave birth to the Minotaur, a creature with the body of a man, but the head and tail of a bull. King Minos ordered the Minotaur to be imprisoned and guarded in the Labyrinth built by Daedalus for that purpose.{{Cite web|title=Apollodorus, Library, book 3, chapter 1|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022:text=Library:book=3:chapter=1&highlight=minotaur|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}

File:Daedalus escapes (iuvat evasisse).jpg

In the story of the Labyrinth as told by the Hellenes, the Athenian hero Theseus is challenged to kill the Minotaur, finding his way back out with the help of Ariadne's thread. It is Daedalus himself who gives Ariadne the clue as to how to escape the labyrinth.{{Cite web|title=Apollodorus, Epitome, book E, chapter 1|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022:text=Epitome:book=E:chapter=1&highlight=daedalus|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}

Ignoring Homer, later writers envisaged the Labyrinth as an edifice rather than a single dancing path to the center and out again, and gave it numerous winding passages and turns that opened into one another, seeming to have neither beginning nor end. Ovid, in his Metamorphoses, suggests that Daedalus constructed the Labyrinth so cunningly that he himself could barely escape it after he built it.Penelope Reed Doob, The Idea of the Labyrinth: From Classical Antiquity through the Middle Ages, 1992:36, {{ISBN|0-8014-8000-0}}.

File:De val van Icarus.jpg

The most familiar literary telling explaining Daedalus' wings is a late one by Ovid in his Metamorphoses.{{Cite web|title=P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses, Book 8, line 183|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+8.183-235&fromdoc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}File:Charles Le Brun - Daedalus and Icarus - WGA12535.jpg (1619–1690) |left]]After Theseus and Ariadne eloped together,{{Cite web|title=P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses, Book 8, line 152|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+8.182&fromdoc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} Daedalus and his son Icarus were imprisoned by King Minos in the labyrinth that he had built.{{Cite web|title=Apollodorus, Epitome, book E, chapter 1|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022:text=Epitome:book=E:chapter=1&highlight=daedalus|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} He could not leave Crete by sea, as King Minos kept a strict watch on all vessels, permitting none to sail without being carefully searched. Since Minos controlled the land routes as well, Daedalus set to work to make wings for himself and his son Icarus. Using bird feathers of various sizes, thread, and beeswax, he shaped them to resemble a bird's wings. When both were prepared for flight, Daedalus warned Icarus not to fly too high, because the heat of the sun would melt the beeswax that held his feathers together, nor too low, because the sea foam would soak the feathers and make them heavy and he would fall.{{Cite web|title=P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses, Book 8, line 183|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+8.183-235&fromdoc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} After Daedalus and Icarus had passed Samos, Delos, and Lebynthos, Icarus disobeyed his father and began to soar upward toward the sun. Without any warning, the sun melted the beeswax (which held the feathers together). Icarus was flapping his "wings". But he realized he had no feathers left and was flapping his featherless arms. And he plunged into the sea and drowned. Seeing Icarus' wings floating, Daedalus wept, cursed his art, and after finding Icarus's body on an island shore buried him there. Then he named the island Icaria in the memory of his child.{{Cite web|title=P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses, Book 8, line 183|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+8.183-235&fromdoc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} The southeast end of the Aegean Sea where Icarus fell into the water was also called "Mare Icarium" or the Icarian Sea.{{Cite web|title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), AEGAEUM MARE|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=aegaeum-mare-geo&highlight=daedalus|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}File:Herbert Draper - The Lament for Icarus - Google Art Project.jpg by H. J. Draper (1898)]] In a twist of fate, a partridge, presumably the nephew Daedalus murdered, mocked Daedalus as he buried his son. The fall and death of Icarus is seemingly portrayed as punishment for Daedalus's murder of his nephew.{{Cite web|title=P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses, Book 8, line 183|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+8.183-235&fromdoc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}

After burying Icarus, Daedalus traveled to Camicus in Sicily, where he stayed as a guest under the protection of King Cocalus.{{Cite web|title=P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses, Book 8, line 260|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028:book=8:card=260|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} There Daedalus built a temple to Apollo, and hung up his wings as an offering to the god. In an invention of Virgil (Aeneid VI), Daedalus flies to Cumae and founds his temple there, rather than in Sicily.author, Virgil. The Aeneid. {{ISBN|978-0-300-25875-2}}. {{OCLC|1231607822}}.

Minos, meanwhile, searched for Daedalus by traveling from city to city asking a riddle. He presented a spiral seashell and asked for a string to be run through it. When he reached Camicus, King Cocalus, knowing Daedalus would be able to solve the riddle, accepted the shell and gave it to Daedalus. Daedalus tied the string to an ant which, lured by a drop of honey at one end, walked through the seashell stringing it all the way through. With the riddle solved, Minos realized that Daedalus was in the court of King Cocalus and insisted he be handed over. Cocalus agreed to do so, but convinced Minos to take a bath first. In the bath, Cocalus' daughters killed Minos, possibly by pouring boiling water over his body.{{Cite web|title=Apollodorus, Epitome, book E, chapter 1|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022:text=Epitome:book=E:chapter=1&highlight=daedalus|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} In some versions, it is Cocalus that kills Minos in the bath.{{Cite web|title=W. W. How, J. Wells, A Commentary on Herodotus, BOOK VII, chapter 170|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0028:book=7:chapter=170&highlight=daedalus|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} Other variants say that Daedalus himself poured the boiling water, or that he had built the pipes that could supply hot water to the bath and this was used to instead pour boiling water on him.{{Cite web |title=King Minos - Experience Creta |url=http://www.experiencecreta.com/en/king-minos.php |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=www.experiencecreta.com |archive-date=2022-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816032409/http://experiencecreta.com/en/king-minos.php |url-status=dead }}{{Dubious|date=May 2022}}

At least two locations are associated with the death of Daedalus. One version of the story says he retired to the Cretan colony of Telmessos, ruled by Minos's estranged brother Sarpedon, and while wandering outside the city, he was bitten by a snake and died. A town on this site, Daidala, is said to be named after him, and is mentioned in Roman sources.{{Cite web |title=The mythical genius of Daidalos, the first polymath |url=https://www.historyextra.com/period/ancient-greece/daidalos-daedalus-who-first-polymath-minotaur-labyrinth-icarus/ |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=History Extra |language=en}} Another version of the story places his death on a small island in the Nile river, where he was later worshipped.{{Cite web |title=Daedalus in Sicily, King Minos' death |url=https://www.explorecrete.com/mythology/daedalus-sicily.html |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=www.explorecrete.com|date=13 November 2014 }} Yet another version has him dying after being bitten by a water snake in Lycia (western Asia Minor).Stephanus of Byzantium s.v. [https://topostext.org/work/241#D216.8 Daidala]Smith 1873, s.v. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DD%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Ddaedalus-bio-1 "Daedalus"]

The anecdotes are literary and late. However, in the founding tales of the Greek colony of Gela, founded in the 680s BC on the southwest coast of Sicily, a tradition was preserved that the Greeks had seized cult images wrought by Daedalus from their local predecessors, the Sicani.Pausanias, 8.46.2 & 9.40.3-4; T.J. Dunbabin, The Western Greeks, 1948; S.P. Morris, Daidalos and the Origins of Greek Art (1992:199), all noted by Fox 2009:189 note 9.

Daedalus and the myths associated with him are often depicted in paintings, sculptures, and more by later artists. The myth about his flight and the fall of Icarus is especially popular in depictions. A few noteworthy pieces are included below.

File:DEDAL ZA JASNA (Small).JPG|Small bronze sculpture of Daedalus, 3rd century BC; found on Plaoshnik, North Macedonia

File:Pompeya Villa Imperiale 08.jpg|Daedalus and Icarus, fresco in Pompeii, 1st century AD

File:Dedalo e Pasifae.JPG|Daedalus and Pasiphaë, fresco in Pompeii, 1st century AD

File:PBrueghelElderIcarus.jpg|Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (detail) by Peter Brueghel the Elder, ca. 1558.

File:Fall of Icarus Blondel decoration Louvre INV2624.jpg|The Fall of Icarus by Merry-Josoph Blondel (1819) (Louvre)

File:Lord Frederick Leighton FLL006.jpg|Daedalus and Icarus, by Frederick Leighton, c. 1869

File:Daedalus und Ikarus MK1888.png|Daedalus constructs wings for his son, Icarus, after a Roman relief in the Villa Albani, Rome (Meyers Konversationslexikon, 1888)

File:Dædalus and Icarus.gif|Dædalus and Icarus by H.A.Guerber (1896)

There are also a number of adaptations of the myth of Daedalus and Icarus in modern literature and film, including a poem by Edward Field.{{Cite web|title=Edward Field: "Icarus" –|url=https://www.culturalweekly.com/icarus/|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.culturalweekly.com|date=27 October 2016 }}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. {{ISBN|0-674-99135-4}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
• Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site]
• Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0540 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
• Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. [https://topostext.org/work/206 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
• Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii; recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen. Georgius Thilo. Leipzig. B. G. Teubner. 1881. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0053 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library].
• Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. {{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]
• Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0159 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
• Ovid, Metamorphoses, Brookes More, Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library].
• Suida, Suda Encyclopedia translated by Ross Scaife, David Whitehead, William Hutton, Catharine Roth, Jennifer Benedict, Gregory Hays, Malcolm Heath Sean M. Redmond, Nicholas Fincher, Patrick Rourke, Elizabeth Vandiver, Raphael Finkel, Frederick Williams, Carl Widstrand, Robert Dyer, Joseph L. Rife, Oliver Phillips and many others. [https://topostext.org/work/240 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
• Tzetzes, John, Book of Histories, Book I translated by Ana Untila from the original Greek of T. Kiessling's edition of 1826. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/TzetzesChiliades1.html Online version at theio.com]

{{Commons category|Daedalus}}

• Thomas Bulfinch's Mythology
• [https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9028509/Daedalus "Daedalus"] at the Encyclopædia Britannica
• [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0008&query=chapter%3D%233&layout=&loc=2.0.0 Andrew Stewart, One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works]. Begins with Daedalus.
• Peter Hunt, "[https://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090710115527/http://traumwerk.stanford.edu/philolog/2005/11/ekphrasis_ovid_in_pieter_breug.html Ekphrasis or Not? Ovid (Met. 8.183-235 ) in Pieter Bruegel the Elder's Landscape with the Fall of Icarus]". Archived from [http://traumwerk.stanford.edu/philolog/2005/11/ekphrasis_ovid_in_pieter_breug.html the original]{{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090710115527/http://traumwerk.stanford.edu/philolog/2005/11/ekphrasis_ovid_in_pieter_breug.html |date=2009-07-10 }} 10 July 2009.
• [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000352 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Daedalus and Icarus)]
• J. B. S. Haldane (1924). [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/70955 Daedalus; or, Science and the future], E. P. Dutton

{{Greek religion}}

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Category:Ancient Greek architects

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