Dagestan Oblast
{{Short description|Province of the Russian Empire from 1860 to 1917}}
{{italic title|string=Oblast}}
{{Infobox settlement
| area_total_km2 = 29,709.63
| elevation_max_m = 4,466
| elevation_max_point = Mount Bazardüzü
| established_date = 1860
| established_title = Established
| extinct_date = 1921
| extinct_title = Abolished
| image_map = Dagestan Oblast ATD.png
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Dagestan Oblast 1878.svg
| map_caption = Administrative map of the Dagestan Oblast
| mapsize = 220px
| name = Dagestan Oblast
| native_name = Дагестанская область
| native_name_lang = ru
| population_as_of = 1916
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rural = 90.19%
| population_total = 713,342
| population_urban = 9.81%
| seat = Temir-Khan-Shura
(present-day Buynaksk)
| seat_type = Capital
| settlement_type = Oblast
| subdivision_name = Russian Empire
| subdivision_name1 = Caucasus
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = Viceroyalty
| total_type = Total
}}
The Dagestan Oblast{{efn|{{langx|ru|Дагестанская область|translit=Dagestanskaya oblast}}}} was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day southeastern Dagestan within the Russian Federation. The Dagestan oblast was created in 1860 out of the territories of the former Caucasian Imamate, bordering the Terek Oblast to the north, the Tiflis Governorate and Zakatal Okrug to the west, the Elizavetpol Governorate to the south, and Baku Governorate to the east. The administrative center of the oblast was Temir-Khan-Shura (present-day Buynaksk).{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014}}
Administrative divisions
The districts (okrugs) of the Dagestan oblast in 1917 were as follows:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=186–193}}
Bold line denotes the largest city.
| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Name ! colspan="3" |Administrative centre and the largest city ! colspan="2" |Population ! rowspan="2" |Area |
| !1897{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_gub_97.php?reg=62 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=www.demoscope.ru}}
!1897 !1916 |
|---|
| Avarskiy okrug ({{Lang|ru|Аварский округ}})
|1,587 | --- | align="right" |37,639 | align="right" |35,749 |{{Convert|1148.27|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
| Andiyskiy okrug ({{Lang|ru|Андийский округ}})
|1,225 | --- | align="right" |49,628 | align="right" |57,875 |{{Convert|3152.17|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
| Gunibskiy okrug ({{Lang|ru|Гунибский округ}})
|685 | --- | align="right" |55,899 | align="right" |76,175 |{{Convert|3422.33|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
| Darginskiy okrug ({{Lang|ru|Даргинский округ}})
|1,343 | --- | align="right" |80,943 | align="right" |85,131 |{{Convert|1525.25|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
| Kazikumukhskiy okrug ({{Lang|ru|Казикумухский округ}})
|621 | --- | align="right" |45,363 | align="right" |51,250 |{{Convert|1270.80|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
| rowspan="2" |Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug ({{Lang|ru|Кайтаго-Табасаранский округ}})
|1,327 | --- | rowspan="2" align="right" |91,021 | rowspan="2" align="right" |82,154 | rowspan="2" |{{Convert|2896.54|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
| Derbent
|14,649 |31,168 |
| Kyurinskiy okrug ({{Lang|ru|Кюринский округ}})
|1,013 | --- | align="right" |77,680 | align="right" |117,218 |{{Convert|3066.85|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
| Samurskiy okrug ({{Lang|ru|Самурский округ}})
|3,190 | --- | align="right" |35,633 | align="right" |71,556 |{{Convert|3258.87|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
| rowspan="2" |Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug ({{Lang|ru|Темир-Хан-Шуринский округ}})
|Temir-Khan-Shura (Buynaksk) |9,214 |15,239 | rowspan="2" align="right" |97,348 | rowspan="2" align="right" |136,234 | rowspan="2" |{{Convert|5464.01|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
| Petrovsk (Makhachkala)
|9,753 |23,566 |
Demographics
= Russian Empire Census =
According to the Russian Empire Census, the Dagestan oblast had a population of 571,154 on {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 January}}, including 283,279 men and 287,875 women. The plurality of the population indicated Avar-Andean to be their mother tongue, with significant Dargin, Kyurin, Kazi-Kumukh, Kumyk, and Tatar{{Caucasian Tatars}} speaking minorities.{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=340 |website=www.demoscope.ru}}
| class="wikitable sortable" |
| Language
!Native speakers !% |
|---|
| Avar-Andean
| align="right" |158,550 | align="right" |27.76 |
| Dargin
| align="right" |121,375 | align="right" |21.25 |
| Kyurin
| align="right" |94,596 | align="right" |16.56 |
| Kazi-Kumukh
| align="right" |76,381 | align="right" |13.37 |
| Kumyk
| align="right" |51,209 | align="right" |8.97 |
| Tatar{{Efn|name=Caucasian Tatars}}
| align="right" |32,143 | align="right" |5.63 |
| Russian
| align="right" |13,111 | align="right" |2.30 |
| Jewish
| align="right" |7,361 | align="right" |1.29 |
| Tat
| align="right" |2,998 | align="right" |0.52 |
| Ukrainian
| align="right" |2,895 | align="right" |0.51 |
| Nogai
| align="right" |1,909 | align="right" |0.33 |
| Persian
| align="right" |1,720 | align="right" |0.30 |
| Armenian
| align="right" |1,636 | align="right" |0.29 |
| Polish
| align="right" |1,630 | align="right" |0.29 |
| Arabic
| align="right" |912 | align="right" |0.16 |
| Chechen
| align="right" |757 | align="right" |0.13 |
| Lithuanian
| align="right" |520 | align="right" |0.09 |
| Georgian
| align="right" |375 | align="right" |0.07 |
| German
| align="right" |261 | align="right" |0.05 |
| Belarusian
| align="right" |38 | align="right" |0.01 |
| Other
| align="right" |777 | align="right" |0.14 |
| TOTAL
!571,154 !100.00 |
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Religious composition of the Dagestan oblast in 1897{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_rel_97.php?reg=89 |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.demoscope.ru}} ! rowspan="2" |Faith ! rowspan="2" |Male ! rowspan="2" |Female ! colspan="2" |Both |
| Number
!% |
|---|
| Muslim
| align="right" |263,475 | align="right" |276,815 | align="right" |540,290 | align="right" |94.60 |
| Eastern Orthodox
| align="right" |10,996 | align="right" |5,341 | align="right" |16,337 | align="right" |2.86 |
| Judaism
| align="right" |5,367 | align="right" |4,689 | align="right" |10,056 | align="right" |1.76 |
| Roman Catholic
| align="right" |2,079 | align="right" |137 | align="right" |2,216 | align="right" |0.39 |
| Armenian Apostolic
| align="right" |955 | align="right" |668 | align="right" |1,623 | align="right" |0.28 |
| Old Believer
| align="right" |184 | align="right" |114 | align="right" |298 | align="right" |0.05 |
| Lutheran
| align="right" |185 | align="right" |100 | align="right" |285 | align="right" |0.05 |
| Armenian Catholic
| align="right" |24 | align="right" |5 | align="right" |29 | align="right" |0.01 |
| Baptist
| align="right" |1 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |0.00 |
| Anglican
| align="right" |0 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |0.00 |
| Buddhist
| align="right" |3 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |0.00 |
| Reformed
| align="right" |3 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |0.00 |
| Other non-Christian denomination
| align="right" |7 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |0.00 |
| TOTAL
!283,279 !287,875 !571,154 !100.00 |
Linguistic composition of uezds in the Dagestan Oblast in 1897
| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Okrug ! colspan="2" |Avar-Andean ! colspan="2" |Dargin ! colspan="2" |Kyurin ! colspan="2" |Kazi-Kumukh ! colspan="2" |Kumyk ! colspan="2" |Tatar ! rowspan="2" |TOTAL |
| Number
!% !Number !% !Number !% !Number !% !Number !% !Number !% |
|---|
| Temir-Khan-Shura
|15,194 |15.61 | align="right" |9,724 | align="right" |9.99 | align="right" |15 | align="right" |0.02 |588 |0.60 | align="right" |49,730 | align="right" |51.08 |1,261 |1.30 | align="right" |97,348 |
| Avar
|36,063 |95.81 | align="right" |18 | align="right" |0.05 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |0.01 |13 |0.03 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |0.01 |5 |0.01 | align="right" |37,639 |
| Andi
|48,637 |98.00 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |0.02 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0.00 |27 |0.05 | align="right" |24 | align="right" |0.05 |15 |0.03 | align="right" |49,628 |
| Gunib
|52,227 |93.43 | align="right" |774 | align="right" |1.38 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0.00 |2,113 |3.78 | align="right" |17 | align="right" |0.03 |35 |0.06 | align="right" |55,899 |
| Dargin
|3,131 |3.87 | align="right" |73,899 | align="right" |91.3 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |0.01 |3,739 |4.62 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0.00 |8 |0.01 | align="right" |80,943 |
| Kazikumukh
|2,446 |5.39 | align="right" |3,657 | align="right" |8.06 | align="right" |943 | align="right" |2.08 |38,014 |83.8 | align="right" |47 | align="right" |0.10 |145 |0.32 | align="right" |45,363 |
| Kaitago-Tabasaran
|628 |0.69 | align="right" |33,186 | align="right" |36.46 | align="right" |350 | align="right" |0.38 |17,678 |19.42 | align="right" |1,035 | align="right" |1.14 |28,975 |31.83 | align="right" |91,021 |
| Kyurin
|50 |0.06 |45 |0.06 |59,309 |76.35 |13,694 |17.63 |5 |0.01 |1,321 |1.70 |77680 |
| Samur
|174 |0.49 |63 |0.18 |33,965 |95.32 |515 |1.45 |346 |0.97 |379 |1.06 |35633 |
| TOTAL
!158,550 !27.76 !121,375 !21.25 !94,596 !16.56 !76,381 !13.37 !51,209 !8.97 !32,143 !5.63 !571,154 |
= ''Kavkazskiy kalendar'' =
According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Dagestan oblast had a population of 713,342 on {{OldStyleDate|14 January|1916|1 January}}, including 369,737 men and 343,605 women, 659,976 of whom were the permanent population, and 53,366 were temporary residents:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=186–193}}
| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Nationality ! colspan="2" |Urban ! colspan="2" |Rural ! colspan="2" |TOTAL |
| Number
!% !Number !% !Number !% |
|---|
| North Caucasians
| align="right" |12,247 | align="right" |17.50 | align="right" |533,367 | align="right" |82.90 | align="right" |545,614 | align="right" |76.49 |
| Sunni Muslims{{Efn|Primarily Turco-Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}}
| align="right" |1,137 | align="right" |1.62 | align="right" |90,840 | align="right" |14.12 | align="right" |91,977 | align="right" |12.89 |
| Russians
| align="right" |27,045 | align="right" |38.65 | align="right" |9,078 | align="right" |1.41 | align="right" |36,123 | align="right" |5.06 |
| Jews
| align="right" |11,913 | align="right" |17.03 | align="right" |5,397 | align="right" |0.84 | align="right" |17,310 | align="right" |2.43 |
| Shia Muslims{{Efn|Primarily Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}}
| align="right" |11,263 | align="right" |16.10 | align="right" |4,352 | align="right" |0.68 | align="right" |15,615 | align="right" |2.19 |
| Armenians
| align="right" |4,668 | align="right" |6.67 | align="right" |84 | align="right" |0.01 | align="right" |4,752 | align="right" |0.67 |
| Other Europeans
| align="right" |736 | align="right" |1.05 | align="right" |251 | align="right" |0.04 | align="right" |987 | align="right" |0.14 |
| Asiatic Christians
| align="right" |785 | align="right" |1.12 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0.00 | align="right" |785 | align="right" |0.11 |
| Georgians
| align="right" |179 | align="right" |0.26 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0.00 | align="right" |179 | align="right" |0.03 |
| TOTAL
!69,973 !100.00 !643,369 !100.00 !713,342 !100.00 |
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
{{Refbegin}}
- {{Cite Armenia and Imperial Decline}}
- {{Cite The Republic of Armenia Volume 1}}
- {{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1913}}
- {{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1917}}
- {{Cite Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus}}
{{Refend}}
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}}
{{Caucasus Viceroyalty}}
{{coord|42.8167|N|47.1167|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
Category:Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)
Category:Oblasts of the Russian Empire
Category:States and territories established in 1860
Category:States and territories disestablished in 1921
Category:1860 establishments in the Russian Empire
Category:1921 disestablishments in Russia
Category:Long stubs with short prose
{{Russia-geo-stub}}