Dallas Spirit
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| name=Dallas Spirit | image=Frontiers of Flight Museum December 2015 021 (Dallas Spirit model).jpg | caption=A Dallas Spirit model on display at the Frontiers of Flight Museum }}{{Infobox aircraft type | type=Monoplane | national origin=United States of America | manufacturer=Swallow Airplane Company | designer= | first flight=1927 | introduced= | retired= | status= | primary user= | more users= | produced= | number built= | program cost= | unit cost= | developed from= | variants with their own articles= }} |
Dallas Spirit, (aka Swallow Monoplane or Swallow Dole Racer), was a custom-built aircraft designed to compete in the ill-fated Dole Air Derby between California and Hawaii.
Development
Dallas Spirit was built to attempt to win back to back two aviation prizes offered at the peak of record-setting aviation accomplishments in 1927. The first was to win the $25,000 Dole Air Derby between Oakland, California and Honolulu, Hawaii. The second was to win the $25,000 prize for a flight between Dallas and Hong Kong sponsored by William E. Easterwood. Dallas Spirit was built at the Swallow factory at 2401 North Hillside, in Wichita, Kansas.{{cite web|title=Wichita Photos |url=http://www.wichitaphotos.org/searchresults.asp?txtinput=Aviation&offset=10 |accessdate=13 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929155929/http://www.wichitaphotos.org/searchresults.asp?txtinput=Aviation&offset=10 |archivedate=29 September 2011 }}
Design
Dallas Spirit was a high-wing monoplane with conventional landing gear. The dual wingstruts featured large airfoil shaped fairings. It was painted green and silver.
Operational history
File:Dole Air Race NX941 "Dallas Spirit" Swallow Monoplane, Capt & Mrs. Wm. P. (Constance) Erwin.jpg
Dallas Spirit was unveiled at Love Field in Dallas, Texas on 6 August 1927. It was intended to bring as much publicity to the city as the Spirit of St. Louis did earlier in the year with Charles Lindbergh's solo transatlantic crossing.{{cite journal |jstor=30235716 |title='The Dallas Spirit': The Last Fool Flight |author=Dealey, Ted |date=July 1959 |volume=63 |number=1 |pages=15–30 |journal=The Southwestern Historical Quarterly}}{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Thwarted Dole Racer Plans Flight to Tokyo: Pilot of Dallas Spirit, Disabled by Wind, Repairs Plane for New Start West – Weather Dictates Move|date=18 August 1927|page=3}}
=The Dole Air Race=
The scheduled departure date was 16 August 1927. Dallas Spirit was flown by 31-year-old William Portwood Erwin and navigated by 27-year-old Alvin Eichwaldt.{{cite news | first = Jane Eshleman | last = Conant | title = Death Dogged the Dolebirds: Pioneer Pacific Fliers Wrote Tragic Chapter in Air History | url = http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist10/27dolerace.html | work = San Francisco Call-Bulletin | date = October 10, 1955 | accessdate = September 12, 2010 }} Before the race started, two planes had already crashed, killing all their occupants. Most competitors barely could take off, and had mishaps, or turned back just after departure. Dallas Spirit was one of these unlucky entrants, returning shortly after the first attempt with six feet of fabric torn from the side, blamed on a misaligned access panel under the navigator. Of the four aircraft that continued, two aircraft reported landings in Hawaii, and two disappeared: Miss Doran and Golden Eagle. Dole and William F. Mallosa, who had backed Miss Doran, put a combined $50,000 in rewards together to find the missing pilots.{{cite news|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|title=$50,000 Rewards Offered for Five Hawaiian Flyers Missing Since Tuesday: James D. Dole Puts Up $20,000 And Backers Of Miss Doran And Golden Eagle Pledge Total of $30,000 – All Agencies of Pacific Are Mobilized in Search – Forty-two Naval Vessels, Including Aircraft Carrier Langley And Tender Aroostook, With Their Planes, To Scour Sea|date=19 August 1927}}
File:Dole Air Race NX941 "Dallas Spirit" Swallow Monoplane, Erwin & Eichwaldt.jpg
Repairs to the tail section of the Dallas Spirit tail section took two days. On 18 August, Erwin decided to attempt the California to Hawaii trip without the prize, searching for the missing aircraft Miss Doran and Golden Eagle, then continuing on to Manila and Hong Kong. A 55-watt short wave radio was removed from another contestant, the Pabco Flyer and installed in the Dallas Spirit. Amateur radio operators across the country monitored the transmissions on the 33.1-meter wavelength. At 9 pm, Eichwald sent a message that the aircraft went into a spin and recovered, followed by a second S.O.S. that the plane had gone into a spin. The abrupt signal loss in the middle of the call occurred as the plane crashed into the ocean about 650 miles west of Oakland.{{cite book|title=Calling CQ|url=https://archive.org/details/CallingCq-AdventureOfShort-waveRadioOperators|author=Clinton B. DeSoto|date=4 September 2009 }}{{cite web|title=ASN accident 19 August 1927|url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=59957|accessdate=12 September 2011}}
On 27 October 1927, a silver piece of aileron was found washed ashore at Redondo Beach, California, which was thought to have come from the lost ship. "Discovery of a number, 43449-10, stamped in indelible ink upon two wooden inner ribs, upon the wing, lent hope that it might be possible to trace it to its origin. The fragment was taken to the biology laboratory at the University of Southern California, to determine how long it was in the water." A check of records indicated that the missing aircraft had silver elevators while the rest of the ship was green.{{cite news |agency=United Press |title=Wreckage of Plane May Be That of Dole Ship Dallas Spirit |newspaper=The San Bernardino Daily Sun |location=San Bernardino, California |date=October 28, 1927 |volume=LXI |number=58 |page=4 |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SBS19271028.1.4}}
Dallas Spirit was built on credit with the promise of the Swallow Airplane Company receiving some of the prize money. The disappearance of the plane was enough to send the company into receivership. Owner Mollendick sold off his interests to aviation investor Victor Roos.{{cite book|title=American Aviation|url=https://archive.org/details/americanaviation0000chri|url-access=registration|author=Joe Christy, LeRoy Cook|year=1987 |isbn=9780830624973 }}
Specifications (''Dallas Spirit'')
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See also
{{commons category|Swallow Dole Racer}}
{{aircontent
|see also=
- Image of Dallas Spirit [http://www.wichitaphotos.org/graphics/wpl_wpl579.jpg]
- Oakland Tribune image of the Dallas Spirit in flight. [http://collections.museumca.org/?q=collection-item/h9611887]
- Radio donated by Livingston Gilson Irving to Erwin [http://collections.museumca.org/?q=collection-item/h9611917]
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