Daniel Gorenstein

{{Short description|American mathematician (1923–1992)}}

{{more citations needed|date=March 2013}}

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Daniel E. Gorenstein

| image = Daniel Gorenstein.jpg

| image_size =

| caption =

| birth_date = {{birth date|1923|01|01}}

| birth_place = Boston, Massachusetts, US

| death_date = {{death date and age|1992|08|26|1923|01|01}}

| death_place = Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts

| fields = Mathematics

| workplaces = Clark University
Northeastern University
Rutgers University

| alma_mater = Harvard University (A.B., M.A., Ph.D.)

| thesis_title = An Arithmetic Theory of Adjoint Plane Curves

| thesis_year = 1950

| doctoral_advisor = Oscar Zariski

| doctoral_students = Michael O'Nan

| known_for = Gorenstein rings
Classification of simple finite groups

| awards = Steele Prize (1989)

}}

Daniel E. Gorenstein (January 1, 1923 – August 26, 1992) was an American mathematician best remembered for his contribution to the classification of finite simple groups.{{Cite news |last=Saxon |first=Wolfgang |date=August 28, 1992 |title=Daniel Gorenstein, Who Charted Math's Densest Fields, Dies at 69 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/28/nyregion/daniel-gorenstein-who-charted-math-s-densest-fields-dies-at-69.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526065523/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/28/nyregion/daniel-gorenstein-who-charted-math-s-densest-fields-dies-at-69.html |archive-date=May 26, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2024 |work=The New York Times}}

Gorenstein mastered calculus at age 12 and subsequently matriculated at Harvard University,{{Cite book |last=Dangerfield |first=Jan |title=The Math Book Big Ideas Simply Explained |last2=Davis |first2=Heather |last3=Farndon |first3=John |last4=Griffiths |first4=Jonny |last5=Jackson |first5=Tom |last6=Patel |first6=Mukul |last7=Pope |first7=Sue |last8=Parker |first8=Matt |publisher=DK Publishing |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-4654-8024-8 |location=New York |pages=319}} where he earned his bachelor's and master's degrees. During the Second World War, he taught mathematics to military personnel. After the war, he stayed at Harvard and earned his PhD 1950 under the supervision of Oscar Zariski. In his dissertation, Gorenstein introduced a duality principle for plane curves that motivated Alexander Grothendieck's introduction of Gorenstein rings. Gorenstein held posts at Clark University and Northeastern University, before moving to Rutgers University in 1969, where he remained for the rest of his life. He became the founding director of the Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (DIMACS) at Rutgers in 1989, and remained at this post until his death.{{Cite web |last=Martel |first=Michelle |title=A History of Mathematics at Rutgers |url=https://www.math.rutgers.edu/for-alumni-friends/a-history-of-mathematics-at-rutgers |access-date=April 27, 2024 |website=Department of Mathematics |publisher=Rutgers University |language=en-gb}}

He was recognized, in addition to his own research contributions such as work on signalizer functors, as a leader in directing the classification of finite simple groups, one of the largest collaborative pieces of pure mathematics ever attempted. In 1972 he was a Guggenheim Fellow and a Fulbright Scholar. In 1978 he gained membership in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1989 Gorenstein won the Steele Prize in mathematical exposition from the American Mathematical Society for his book, Finite Simple Groups: An Introduction to Their Classification (1982). In 1985, he wrote an article explaining his mathematical work to the layperson for the Scientific American.{{Cite journal |last=Gorenstein |first=Daniel |date=December 1985 |title=The Enormous Theorem |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-enormous-theorem/ |journal=Scientific American |volume=253 |issue=6 |pages=104-115 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1285-104}}

He died in 1992 after a brief illness. He was 69 years old.