Daniel Kanza
{{Short description|Congolese politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Daniel Kanza
|image =
|caption =
|office = Premier Burgomaster of Léopoldville
|president =
|deputy =
|term_start = October 1960
|term_end = June 1962
|predecessor =
|successor =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = 1909
|birth_place = Manianga, Luozi Territory, Belgian Congo
|death_date = 1990
|death_place =
|party = Alliance des Bakongo (?–1960)
Alliance des Congolais (1960–)
|spouse = Élisabeth Mansangaza
|children = 7
|alma_mater =
| allegiance = {{Flagcountry|Belgian Congo}}
| branch = Force Publique
| serviceyears =
| rank = Sergeant
| unit =
}}
Daniel Kanza Kinsona (1909–1990) was a Congolese politician and a leading member of the Alliance des Bakongo. He served as Premier Burgomaster of the capital of the Congo, Léopoldville, from 1960 until 1962. He later served in the National Assembly.
Biography
Daniel Kanza was born in 1909{{sfn|Hoskyns|1965|p=499}} in the Manianga area of the Luozi Territory.{{sfn|Young|1965|p=558}} He received a Protestant Christian education before enlisting in the Force Publique, being stationed all over the Congo.{{sfn|Hoskyns|1965|p=499}} He reached the rank of sergeant. After his service he became a Protestant deacon.{{sfn|Artigue|1961|p=125}} Between 1929 and 1940 Kanza had seven children with Élisabeth Mansangaza,{{sfn|Quaghebeur|Tshibola Kalengayi|2008|p=176}} including future sociologist and politician Sophie Kanza{{cite web| url = http://groupelavenir.org/samedi-dernier-au-sacre-coeur-de-la-gombe-pensee-pieuse-en-memoire-de-marcel-lihau-et-sophie-kanza/| title = Samedi dernier au Sacré-Cœur de la Gombe: Pensée pieuse en mémoire de Marcel Lihau et Sophie Kanza| date = 6 April 2015| publisher = Groupe L'Avenir| access-date = 15 December 2016| language = French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226060534/https://groupelavenir.org/samedi-dernier-au-sacre-coeur-de-la-gombe-pensee-pieuse-en-memoire-de-marcel-lihau-et-sophie-kanza/|archive-date=26 December 2016}} and future politician and diplomat Thomas Kanza.{{sfn|West Africa|1972|p=98}} He worked as a functionary in the colonial administration.{{sfn|Gérard-Libois|1960|p=290}} In 1957 he became vice president of the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO) party. He was arrested after the Léopoldville riots of 4 January 1959.{{sfn|Hoskyns|1965|p=499}}
Kanza attended the Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference in Brussels on behalf of ABAKO in January 1960, and was chosen to be a vice president of the talks.{{sfn|Kanza|1978|p=81}} He heavily criticized party president Joseph Kasa-Vubu for his attitude during the conference and his failure to consult other party members.{{sfn|Coleman|Rosberg|1964|p=589}} Kasa-Vubu also pushed for a federalist government, which Kanza strongly opposed in favor of a unitary system. He and two of his sons published a series of articles in a Congolese newspaper they ran that accused Kasa-Vubu of collaborating with France to divide the Congo.{{harvnb|Africa Bureau|1960|p=139}} After Kasa-Vubu walked out of the conference, Kanza attempted to assume leadership over the party but most members remained loyal to Kasa-Vubu.{{sfn|Hoskyns|1965|p=499}} During the conference questions were raised over whether Belgium should retain any powers or official responsibilities in the Congo after 30 June. Kanza was appointed to a committee formed to address the problem, and ultimately it was decided that the Congolese state should assume all responsibilities of governance.{{sfn|Hoskyns|1965|pp=42–43}}
Kanza was expelled from ABAKO on 1 February. On 4 March, he announced the formation of a dissident wing of the party, which became known as ABAKO-Kanza.{{sfn|Coleman|Rosberg|1964|p=589}} This later transformed into the Alliance des Congolais (ALCO).{{sfn|Ekambo|2010}} Most of Kanza's support came from the Manianga area of the Luozi Territory.{{sfn|Young|1965|p=558}} The Manianga Council, a regional association, unsuccessfully attempted to reconcile him and Kasa-Vubu.{{sfn|Janzen|1969|p=574}} In October he was elected Premier Burgomaster of Léopoldville.{{sfn|Smith|Sinclair|Ahmed|1995|p=80}} The following year he dismissed all European members of the city council.{{sfn|Young|1965|p=425}} Kanza left office in June 1962{{sfn|Smith|Sinclair|Ahmed|1995|p=80}} when ABAKO had him removed and replaced by a candidate they preferred.{{sfn|LaFontaine|2008|p=222}} In January 1965 a group of Maniangans nominated him as candidate for national senator in anticipation of upcoming elections. However, the Lower Congo provincial governor demanded personal loyalty from all local candidates. Kanza refused to pledge such, and as a result was not included on the ballot for ABAKO.{{sfn|Janzen|1969|pp=591–592}} Yet by 1972 he was serving in the National Assembly.{{sfn|West Africa|1972|p=98}} He died in 1990.{{sfn|Quaghebeur|Tshibola Kalengayi|2008|p=176}}
Citations
{{Reflist}}
References
{{refbegin|2}}
- {{cite book| author = Africa Bureau| title = Africa Digest| publisher = Africa Publications Trust| volume = 7–9| date = 1960| location = London| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gdJYAAAAMAAJ}}
- {{cite book| last = Artigue| first = Pierre| title = Qui sont les leaders congolais?| publisher = Éditions Europe-Afrique| volume = 3| date = 1961| language = French| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=24c5AQAAIAAJ}}
- {{cite book| editor-last = Coleman| editor-first = James S.| editor-last2 = Rosberg| editor-first2 = Carl G. Jr.| title = Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa| publisher = University of California Press| date = 1964| url = https://archive.org/details/politicalparties0000cole| url-access = registration| lccn = 64-19636}}
- {{cite news| url = http://www.lephareonline.net/chronique-independance-la-presse-divise-labako-et-le-mnc/| title = Chronique Indépendance : la presse divise l'Abako et le MNC| last = Ekambo| first = Jean-Chrétien| date = 2 April 2010| newspaper = Le Phare| access-date = 30 March 2017| language = French| archive-date = 31 March 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170331220855/http://www.lephareonline.net/chronique-independance-la-presse-divise-labako-et-le-mnc/| url-status = dead}}
- {{cite book| editor-last = Gérard-Libois| editor-first = Jules| editor-link = Jules Gérard-Libois| title = Congo 1959| publisher = Centre de Recherche et d'Information Sociopolitiques| date = 1960| location = Brussels| url = https://issuu.com/tetitatutis/docs/congo1959| oclc = 891524823| access-date = 2018-03-15| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160314082352/https://issuu.com/tetitatutis/docs/congo1959| archive-date = 2016-03-14| url-status = dead}}
- {{cite book| last = Hoskyns| first = Catherine| title = The Congo Since Independence: January 1960 – December 1961| publisher = Oxford University Press| date = 1965| location = London}}
- {{cite journal| last = Janzen| first = John M.| s2cid = 33136907| title = The Politics of Apoliticality : Form and Process in a Lower Congo Régional Council| journal = Cahiers d'études africaines| volume = 9| issue = 36| pages = 570–599| date = 1969| doi = 10.3406/cea.1969.3183}}
- {{cite book| last = Kanza| first = Thomas R.| author-link = Thomas Kanza| title = The rise and fall of Patrice Lumumba: conflict in the Congo| publisher = R. Collings| edition = illustrated| date = 1978| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3E51AAAAMAAJ| isbn = 9780860360681}}
- {{cite book| last = LaFontaine| first = J.S.| title = City Politics: A Study of Léopoldville 1962–63| publisher = Cambridge University Press| series = American Studies| location = Cambridge| oclc = 237883398| edition = reprint| date = 2008| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XCA4AAAAIAAJ}}
- {{cite book| editor-last = Quaghebeur| editor-first = Marc| editor-last2 = Tshibola Kalengayi| editor-first2 = Bibiane| title = Aspects de la culture à l'époque coloniale en Afrique centrale| publisher = L'Harmattan| date = 2008| language = French| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=W4YdAQAAIAAJ| isbn = 9782296050709}}
- {{cite book| last1 = Smith| first1 = Klytus| last2 = Sinclair| first2 = Abiola| last3 = Ahmed| first3 = Hannibal| title = The Harlem cultural/political movements, 1960-1970: from Malcolm X to "Black is beautiful"| publisher = Gumbs & Thomas Publishers| edition = illustrated| date = 1995| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9oEMAAAAYAAJ| isbn = 9780936073163}}
- {{citation| title = West Africa| publisher = Afrimedia International| number = 2848–2872| date = 1972| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MioOAQAAMAAJ| ref = {{harvid|West Africa|1972}}}}
- {{cite book| last = Young| first = Crawford| title = Politics in the Congo: Decolonization and Independence|location= Princeton| publisher = Princeton University Press| date = 1965| oclc= 307971}}
{{refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanza, Daniel}}
Category:Soldiers of the Force Publique
Category:People from Kongo Central
Category:Members of the National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)