Danjiangkou Reservoir
{{Infobox lake
| name = Danjiangkou Reservoir
| image = Danjiangkou Reservoir.svg
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| location = Henan and Hubei, {{PRC}}
| coords = {{Coord|32|43|8.39|N|111|33|3.20|E|region:CN_type:waterbody_scale:500000|display=inline,title}}
| type = reservoir
| inflow = Dan River
| outflow = Han River
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Danjiangkou Reservoir ({{zh|s=丹江口水库 |t=丹江口水庫 |p=Dānjiāngkǒu Shuǐkù}}) is a multi-purpose reservoir in Xichuan County, Henan and Danjiangkou City, Hubei province, Central China. Created by the Danjiangkou Dam, it serves as a supply of water for the region as well as for irrigation, electricity generation, flood control and aquaculture. The reservoir can be divided in two branches, formed by the Han River and Dan River, each having a similar storage capacity.{{Cite book |last=Wu |first=Weiming |url=https://www.google.nl/books/edition/Computational_River_Dynamics/EggiazLLXaYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=danjiangkou+reservoir&pg=PA237&printsec=frontcover |title=Computational River Dynamics |date=2007-11-15 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-203-93848-5 |language=en}}
History
It was constructed in 1958, and at the time it was the 3rd largest reservoirs in Asia and the largest in China.{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Z. |last2=Wang |first2=H. |last3=Saito |first3=Y. |last4=Milliman |first4=J. D. |last5=Xu |first5=K. |last6=Qiao |first6=S. |last7=Shi |first7=G. |date=2006 |title=Dam impacts on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River sediment discharge to the sea: The past 55 years and after the Three Gorges Dam |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2005WR003970 |journal=Water Resources Research |language=en |volume=42 |issue=4 |doi=10.1029/2005WR003970 |issn=1944-7973}} 160,000 residents were relocated to make way for the reservoir.{{Cite web |title=China's 'saddest city' makes way for water diversion project |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-12/17/content_19106607.htm |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}} The ruins of the ancient city of Junzhou ({{Lang-zh|c=均州城|links=}}) were also flooded.Yan, C. Astudy on the evolution and geographical position of ancient city sites in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area. Jianghan Archaeol. 1996, 93–97.
During filling of the reservoir between 1970 and 1973 several reservoir induced earthquakes were detected up to a 4.7 magnitude shock. After the reservoir was completely filled, no further induced tremors were detected.{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=H. K. |url=https://www.google.nl/books/edition/Reservoir_Induced_Earthquakes/CRc5MQn8PskC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=danjiangkou+reservoir&pg=PA27&printsec=frontcover |title=Reservoir Induced Earthquakes |date=1992-03-09 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-444-59735-9 |language=en}}
Between 2005 and 2009, the dam was raised to facilitate the connection to the South-North Water Transfer Project. By 2014 the water level reached its new designed height of 170 meter, from the original 157 meter. The water surface area was expanded from 700 to 1,000 km² and the storage capacity from 17.45 billion cubic meters to 29.05 billion cubic meters.{{Cite journal |last=Yuna |first=Xiao |last2=Jinghua |first2=Cheng |last3=Xiaocong |first3=Mo |last4=Yongrong |first4=Li |last5=Xiaojuan |first5=Liu |last6=Sheng |first6=Bi |date=2023 |title=Spatio-temporal variation of phytoplankton community and its relationship with environmental factors in Danjiangkou Reservoir |url=https://www.jlakes.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20230306 |journal=Journal of Lake Sciences |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=821–832 |doi=10.18307/2023.0306 |issn=1003-5427|doi-access=free }} Over 345,000 people had to be relocated to allow this expansion.{{Cite web |title=Enormous water project benefits over 120m people {{!}} english.scio.gov.cn |url=http://english.scio.gov.cn/pressroom/2019-12/13/content_75510112.htm |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=english.scio.gov.cn}}{{Cite journal |last=Yan |first=Dengcai |last2=Shi |first2=Guoqing |last3=Hu |first3=Zijiang |last4=Wang |first4=Haibao |date=2017-07-04 |title=Resettlement for the Danjiangkou Dam heightening project in China: planning, implementation and effects |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2016.1216829 |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |language=en |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=609–627 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2016.1216829 |issn=0790-0627}}
Ecology
The reservoir holds economic importance for aquaculture. After measures to combat overfishing were introduced, populations of black carp, fishes of the genus Xenocypris, Chinese perch, Yellow catfish, wild ducks, egrets and otters have recovered.Daqing, Chen, Li Shijiang, and Wang Ke. "[https://www.fao.org/3/i1984e/i1984e.pdf#page=31 Inland fisheries resource enhancement and conservation in China.]" Inland fisheries resource enhancement and conservation in Asia (2010): 19.
{{Multiple image
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = 19870417 Danjiangkou(chs 3,2,1).png
| image2 = 20230514 Danjiangkou(chs 3,2,1).png
| caption1 = False color image of the reservoir in 1987
| caption2 = With heightened dam and water level in 2023
| align = right
}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{commons category|Danjiangkou Reservoir}}
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