Daphné-class submarine

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These submarines were developed from the preceding {{sclass|Aréthuse|submarine|4}} by the French Navy. Larger than the Aréthuse class, they were a second-class counterpart to the ocean-going Narval class. Their design emphasized maneuverability, low noise production and ease of maintenance.{{sfn|Jordan|1995|p=121}} As a result, the submarines were extremely quiet when submerged.{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|p=149}} Their maintenance system was based on modular replacement which led to low crew numbers, but also led to no reloads for their torpedo complement.{{sfn|Jordan|1995|p=121}}

Submarines of the Daphné class in French service measured {{convert|57.75|m|ftin}} long overall with a beam of {{cvt|6.76|m|ftin}} and a draught of {{cvt|5.25|m|ftin}}.{{sfn|Jordan|1995|p=121}} They had a standard displacement of {{convert|700|MT|LT|lk=on}}, and displaced {{cvt|869|MT|LT}} surfaced and {{cvt|1043|MT|LT}} submerged.{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|p=149}} The submarines had a double hull and had a complement of 6 officers and 39 sailors.{{sfn|Jordan|1995|p=121}}

Each vessel of the class was fitted with two SEMT-Pielstick diesel engines, with two 450-kilowatt diesel generator sets, and two electric motors turning two shafts creating {{convert|1000|shp|lk=out|order=flip}} sustained with the ability to create {{cvt|1300|shp|order=flip}} for short periods.{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|p=149}} The first seven boats were given the SEMT-Pielstick 12 PA1 diesel engine type, while the final two hulls were given the SEMT-Pielstick 12 PA4-135 type.{{sfn|Jordan|1995|p=121}} The submarines had a diving depth of {{cvt|300|m}} and could remain at sea for 30 days. Daphné-class submarines had a maximum speed of {{convert|13.5|kn|lk=in}} surfaced and {{convert|16|kn}} submerged with a range of {{convert|4300|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|7.5|kn}} while snorkelling.{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|p=149}}

The submarines were equipped with twelve torpedo tubes, eight located in the bow and four located in the stern. The submarines was armed with twelve {{convert|550|mm|in|adj=on|1}} torpedoes and no reloads. Each submarine sported one DRUA 33 radar and DUUA 1 sonar. Beginning in 1971, the boats were modernized and given the DUUA 2B search and attack sonar located in a dome situated atop the bow. They also received the updated DLT D3 torpedo fire control system.{{sfn|Jordan|1995|p=121}}{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|p=149}} The submarines also mounted DSUV 2 passive sonar and DUUX 2 acoustic telemeter.{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|p=149}}

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Constructed at three shipyards in France, the first entered service in 1964 and the last in 1970. Two French submarines were lost; Minerve in 1968 and Eurydice in 1970.{{sfn|Jordan|1995|p=121}} All of the remaining submarines underwent modernization beginning in 1971. Sirène sank in 1972 at Lorient, but was salvaged. The boats were planned for disposal in the 1980s, however, the slow delivery of their nuclear submarine replacements led to their careers being extended.{{sfn|Jordan|1995|p=121}}

Following the end of World War II, the export market for warships had changed. Gone were the old purveyors of export warships like Italy and the US only sold used designs. This left the United Kingdom and France as the only countries with the extra shipbuilding capability to build ships for export. In the 1960s, the United Kingdom offered the {{sclass|Oberon|submarine|4}} and the French offered the Daphné class. The Oberons were more expensive and more difficult to operate.{{sfn|Friedman|1984|p=108}} Smaller navies opted for the Daphnés or in the case of Spain, were rejected by the United Kingdom.{{sfn|Friedman|1984|p=108}}{{sfn|Sturton|1995|p=428}}

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The Pakistan Navy Daphné-class submarines, sometimes dubbed the Hangor class, were three submarines built in France for Pakistan and one acquired from Portugal in 1975. The first three hulls ordered were the first ever submarines constructed for Pakistan.{{sfn|Moore|1976|p=353}} The Hangor class used the 12 PA4-135 type diesel engines and had a complement of 5 officers and 45 sailors.{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|p=414}} Their interior differed from the French model in order to meet Pakistan's requirements.{{sfn|Moore|1976|p=353}} The fourth hull was acquired from Portugal in 1975. PNS Hangor sank the Indian frigate {{INS|Khukri|F149|6}} during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war.{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|p=414}} In the late 1980s, the vessels had the capability of launching submarine-launched anti-ship missiles added, making them able to fire Harpoon missiles.{{sfn|Sharpe|1990|p=289}} Pakistan has now retired the submarines and is replacing them.

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{{main article|Albacora-class submarine}}

The four Albacora-class submarines of the Portuguese Navy were ordered in 1964{{sfn|Lyon|Chumbley|1995|p=320}} and built in France using the Daphné design with some modifications to meet Portuguese requirements. The submarines were of prefabricated design with component sections being constructed between 1 October 1964 and 6 September 1965.{{sfn|Moore|1976|p=269}} The four vessels were equipped with the SEMT-Pielstick 12 PA1 diesel engines.{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|p=442}} The submarines were fitted for operating in tropical waters. In 1975 Portugal sold Cachalote to Pakistan.{{sfn|Lyon|Chumbley|1995|p=320}}

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After South Africa became a republic in 1961, the country was forced to leave the Commonwealth and the United Kingdom refused to sell weapons to the country. South Africa turned to France and in conjunction with the construction of a submarine base at Simon's Town, acquired three Daphné hulls in 1967.{{sfn|Preston|1995|pp=333, 335}}{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil.za/equipment/submarines.htm |url-status=dead |publisher=South African Navy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927175745/http://www.navy.mil.za/equipment/submarines.htm |archive-date=27 September 2006 |title=Submarines }} These were the first submarines ever constructed for South Africa.{{sfn|Moore|1976|p=400}} Upon completion of the first ship, the three vessels were sometimes referred to as the Maria van Riebeeck class.{{sfn|Preston|1995|pp=333, 335}} They had a complement of 47, including 6 officers.{{sfn|Moore|1976|p=400}} The submarines were modernized locally, receiving updated sonar and displays in the 1980s, with Emily Hobhouse finishing the refit in 1988, Johanna van der Merwe in 1990 and Maria van Riebeeck in 1992. In 1980, South Africa attempted to acquire two of Portugal's hulls.{{sfn|Preston|1995|p=335}}

File:Torrevieja - Museo Flotante, Submarino S-61 (2).jpg

As part of Spain's attempt to build up their shipbuilding industry in the post-World War II era, they sought to learn techniques from various nations by acquiring ships from them, such as American destroyers and submarines. Initially, the Spanish sough to acquire British Oberon-class submarines but failed to complete a deal after receiving a negative reaction from the British.{{sfn|Sturton|1995|p=428}} The Spanish turned to the French and in an agreement signed on 16 July 1966, acquired the right to build Daphné-class submarines under license in Spain with design aid from France. Designated the Delfín class or the S-60 class by Spain, the vessels were of a modified design, measuring {{cvt|57.78|m|ftin}} long with a draught of {{cvt|4.6|m|ftin}} and displacing {{cvt|869|MT|LT}} surfaced and {{cvt|1069|MT|LT}} submerged.{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|pp=472–473}}{{sfn|Sturton|1995|p=438}} The first two hulls were ordered in December 1966, followed by two more in March 1970. A fifth hull was planned, but never ordered. All four submarines were by built by Bazan at their Cartagena dockyard. The submarines were modernized at Cartagena between 1983 and 1988 where the navy replaced their DUUA 1 sonar forward with the DUUA 2A model and updated the torpedo fire control. The DUUA 2 was mounted forward in a dome on the bow{{sfn|Sturton|1995|p=438}} like on the French submarines while the submarines kept the DUUA-1D sonar at the rear.{{sfn|Prézelin|1990|pp=472–473}}

• List of submarines of France

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |editor-last=Blackman |editor-first=Raymond V. B. |year=1967 |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1967–68 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Co. |location=London |oclc=973423148}}
• {{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Norman |date=1984 |title=Submarine Design and Development |publisher=Conway Maritime |location=London |isbn=0-85177-299-4}}
• {{cite book |author1-last=Jordan |author1-first=John |name-list-style=amp |chapter=France |year=1995 |editor-last1=Gardiner |editor-first1=Robert |title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=1-55750-132-7 |pages=95–131}}
• {{cite book |last1=Lyon |first1=Hugh |last2=Chumbley |first2=Stephen |chapter=Portugal |editor-last1=Gardiner |editor-first1=Robert |date=1995 |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=1-55750-132-7 |pages=317–322}}
• {{cite book |editor-last=Moore |editor-first=John |year=1976 |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1976–77 |edition=79th |publisher=Franklin Watts Incorporated |location=New York |isbn=0-531-03261-2}}
• {{cite book |last=Preston |first=Antony |chapter=South Africa |editor-last1=Gardiner |editor-first1=Robert |date=1995 |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=1-55750-132-7 |pages=333-336}}
• {{cite book |editor-last=Prézelin |editor-first=Bernard |date=1990 |title=The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991: Their Ships, Aircraft and Armament |translator-last=Baker III |translator-first=A. D. |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=0-87021-250-8}}
• {{cite book |editor-last=Sharpe |editor-first=Richard |year=1990 |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1990–91 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |edition=93 |location=Surrey, United Kingdom |isbn=0-7106-0904-3}}
• {{cite book |editor-last=Sharpe |editor-first=Richard |year=1996 |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1996–97 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |edition=99 |location=Surrey, United Kingdom |isbn=0-7106-1355-5}}
• {{cite book |last=Sturton |first=Ian |chapter=Spain |editor-last1=Gardiner |editor-first1=Robert |date=1995 |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=1-55750-132-7 |pages=427–441}}

{{Commons category-inline|Daphné class submarine}}

• [http://www.netmarine.net/bat/smarins/minerve/caracter.htm Sous-marin Minerve : Caractéristiques principales]

{{Daphné class submarines}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daphne-class submarine}}

Category:Submarine classes

Category:Ship classes of the French Navy