David Emmanuel (mathematician)

{{Short description|Romanian Jewish mathematician and member of the Romanian Academy}}

{{Infobox scientist

| name = David Emmanuel

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| image = David Emmanuel.01.jpg

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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1854|01|31|mf=y}}

| birth_place = Bucharest, Wallachia

| death_date = {{death date and age|1941|02|04|1854|01|31|mf=y}}

| death_place = Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania

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| field = Mathematician

| work_institution = University of Bucharest

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| nationality = Romanian

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| alma_mater = University of Paris

| thesis_title = Étude des intégrales abstraites du troisième espèce

| thesis_url = http://jubilotheque.upmc.fr/fonds-theses/TH_000301_001/document.pdf?name=TH_000301_001_pdf.pdf

| thesis_year = 1879

| doctoral_advisor = Victor Puiseux

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| notable_students = Traian Lalescu
Simion Stoilow
Gheorghe Țițeica

| known_for = Founder of modern mathematics school in Romania

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David Emmanuel (31 January 1854 – 4 February 1941) was a Romanian Jewish mathematician and member of the Romanian Academy, considered to be the founder of the modern mathematics school in Romania.

Born in Bucharest, Emmanuel studied at Gheorghe Lazăr and Gheorghe Șincai high schools.{{cite web|url=https://jurnalfm.ro/david-emmanuel/|title=David Emmanuel a fost matematician român, considerat întemeietorul școlii matematicii moderne din România|lang=ro|website=jurnalfm.ro|date=February 4, 2022|access-date=May 9, 2024}} In 1873 he went to Paris, where he received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Paris (Sorbonne) in 1879 with a thesis on Study of abelian integrals of the third species, becoming the second Romanian to have a Ph.D. in mathematics from the Sorbonne (the first one was Spiru Haret). The thesis defense committee consisted of Victor Puiseux (advisor), Charles Briot, and Jean-Claude Bouquet.{{cite thesis|url=http://jubilotheque.upmc.fr/fonds-theses/TH_000301_001/document.pdf?name=TH_000301_001_pdf.pdf|title=Étude des intégrales abstraites du troisième espèce|first=David|last=Emmanuel|year=1879|publisher=University of Paris|language=fr|access-date=2020-10-19|archive-date=2018-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022329/http://jubilotheque.upmc.fr/fonds-theses/TH_000301_001/document.pdf?name=TH_000301_001_pdf.pdf|url-status=dead}}

In 1882, Emmanuel became a professor of superior algebra and function theory at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Bucharest.{{cite web|url=http://old.fmi.unibuc.ro/en/info_history.php|title=Mathematics in Bucharest throughout the years|publisher=University of Bucharest|access-date=May 9, 2024}} Here, in 1888, he held the first courses on group theory and on Galois theory, and introduced set theory in Romanian education.{{Cite journal|last=Corduneanu|first=Constantin|year=2011

|title=The Centennial of a Romanian Mathematical School| url=http://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.3546071|journal=AIP Conference Proceedings|volume=1329|issue=3|pages=3–15|doi=10.1063/1.3546071|bibcode=2011AIPC.1329....3C |url-access=subscription}} Among his students were Anton Davidoglu, Alexandru Froda, Traian Lalescu, Grigore Moisil, {{ill|Alexandru Myller|ro}}, Miron Nicolescu, Octav Onicescu, Dimitrie Pompeiu, Simion Stoilow, and Gheorghe Țițeica. Emmanuel had an important role in the introduction of modern mathematics and of the rigorous approach to mathematics in Romania.

Emmanuel was the president of the first Congress of Romanian Mathematicians, held in 1929 in Cluj. He died in Bucharest in 1941.

A street in the Dorobanți neighborhood of Bucharest is named after him.