David Hartley (computer scientist)

Dr Hartley became an undergraduate at Clare College, University of Cambridge in 1956. He read Mathematics for the first two years and studied Numerical Analysis and Automatic Computing in his third year, graduating BA in 1959. He then became a research student of computer science, developing the first programming language "Autocode", and its compiler for the EDSAC 2 computer, for which he was awarded a PhD degree in 1963. His thesis was entitled "Automatic Programming for Digital Computers".{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

As a member of the staff of Cambridge University's Mathematical Laboratory, he was joint author, with David Barron, John Buxton, Eric Nixon, and Christopher Strachey, of the early high-level programming language CPL.{{Citation | last1 = Barron | first1 = D. W. | author-link1 = David W. Barron | last2 = Buxton | first2 = J. N. | last3 = Hartley | first3 = D. F. | author-link3 = David Hartley (computer scientist) | last4 = Nixon | first4 = E. | last5 = Strachey | first5 = C. | author-link5 = Christopher Strachey | title = The Main Features of CPL | journal = The Computer Journal | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 134–143 | year = 1963 | url = http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/2/134.full.pdf+html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111003051825/http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/2/134.full.pdf+html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2011-10-03 | doi = 10.1093/comjnl/6.2.134 | doi-access = free }} which was subsequently developed into BCPL{{Citation | last = Richards | first = M. | author-link = Martin Richards (computer scientist) | title = How BCPL Evolved from CPL | journal = The Computer Journal | volume = 56 | issue = 5 | pages = 664–670 | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1093/comjnl/bxs026 }} which in turn influenced B and C.{{Citation | first = Ritchie | last = D. | author-link = Dennis Ritchie | title = The Development of the C Programming Language | series = Proc. History of Programming Languages-II Conf. | year = 1993 | pages = 671–698 | publisher = ACM Press }}

From 1962 to 1967 he was a major contributor to the development of the Cambridge Multiple Access System{{Citation | last = Hartley | first = D. F. | author-link = David Hartley (computer scientist) | title = The Cambridge multiple-access system: user's reference manual | place = Cambridge | publisher = Cambridge Univ. Press | year = 1968 | isbn = 978-0901224002 }}{{Citation | last1 = Wilkes | first1 = M. | author-link = Maurice Wilkes | last2 = Needham | first2 = R. | author2-link = Roger Needham | title = The Design of Multiple-Access Computer Systems: Part 2 | journal = The Computer Journal | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 315–320 | year = 1968 | url = http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/4/315.full.pdf | doi=10.1093/comjnl/10.4.315| doi-access = free }}{{dead link|date=May 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} that was developed for the Titan, the prototype Atlas 2 computer built by Ferranti for the university. This was the first time-sharing system developed outside the United States, and it influenced the later development of UNIX.

Hartley was successively Junior Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, Fellow of Darwin College and then University Lecturer.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} He also did some pioneering work in video-tape recorded lecturers. In 1986, he was elected a Fellow of Clare College where he is currently{{when|date=March 2021}} secretary of the Alumni Association.

Between 1970 and 1994, Dr Hartley was director of University of Cambridge Computing Service.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

The service had been founded as the Mathematical Laboratory under the leadership of John Lennard-Jones in 1937, although it did not become properly established until after World War II when Maurice Wilkes became Director. Upon its foundation, it was intended "to provide a computing service for general use, and to be a centre for the development of computational techniques in the University"{{Citation | title = A brief informal history of the Computer Laboratory | publisher = University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory | date = 20 December 2001 | url = http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/events/EDSAC99/history.html | access-date = 13 March 2014 }} and Wilkes continued this strong service ethos. He learnt about electronic computation, reading John von Neumann's First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC{{Cite journal | last1 = Wilkes | first1 = M. | title = What I Remember of the ENIAC | doi = 10.1109/MAHC.2006.41 | journal = IEEE Annals of the History of Computing | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 30–37 | year = 2006 | s2cid = 36665440 }} and attending the final two weeks of the Moore School Lectures.{{Citation |last1=Campbell-Kelly |first1=Martin |last2=Aspray |first2=William |title=Computer: a history of the information machine |page=[https://archive.org/details/computerhistoryo02edcamp/page/89 89] |year=2004 |edition=2nd |publisher=Westview Press |location=Boulder, Colorado |isbn=9780813342641 |url=https://archive.org/details/computerhistoryo02edcamp/page/89 }} EDSAC was the result, and Wilkes also supervised Hartley's PhD.

When Dr Hartley became Director, the Mathematical Laboratory was renamed the Computer Laboratory, with separate departments for Teaching and Research, and the Computing Service. One of Dr Hartley' most notable achievements as Director between 1987 and 1992, was to conceive and design the Granta Backbone Network, a fibre-optic network that joined up all of Cambridge's university and college sites.The Granta Backbone Network should not be confused with the "Cambridge Ring" which was an experimental local area network architecture developed at the Cambridge University Computer Laboratory in the mid-late 1970s and early 1980s.{{Citation | contribution = A History of International Research Networking: The People who Made it Happen | year = 2010 | title = Appendix A: The People who Made it Happen | editor-last = Davies | editor-first = Howard | editor2-last = Bressan | editor2-first = Beatrice | pages = 266 | publisher = Wiley VCH | isbn = 978-3527327102 }}{{Citation | last = Metcalfe | first = Bob | author-link = Robert Metcalfe | title = The world's first IS manager digs New Age networking | journal = InfoWorld | date = 27 July 1992}}

From 1972 to 1974 Dr Hartley was chairman of the UK Inter-University Committee on Computing. He was a member of the Computer Board for Universities and Research Councils – which allocated government funds to purchase the large and expensive computers that the institutions needed – from 1979 to 1983 where he had special responsibility for network development.{{Citation | last = Hartley | first = David | author-link = David Hartley (computer scientist) | title = Keynote address: Policy issues for academic and research networking | journal = Computer Networks and ISDN Systems | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 152–157 | year = 1990 | doi=10.1016/0169-7552(90)90061-v}} From 1981 to 1986 he was a member of the Prime Minister's Information Technology Advisory Panel. Having become a Fellow of the British Computer Society (FBCS) in 1968, Dr Hartley served on its Council in 1970–73, 1977–1980 and 1988 to 1990, was a Vice-President from 1987 to 1990, Deputy President in 1998–99 and President in 1999–2000.

Since ceasing to be Director of the University Computing Service, Dr Hartley has served both private sector and public sector bodies, but the latter have predominated.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

From 1994 to 1997 he was Chief Executive of the United Kingdom Education and Research Networking Association (UKERNA) whose objectives were to take responsibility for the UK academic community's networking programme, and to further opportunities with other communities, including industry. It developed JANET, the UK's joint academic network, which provides computer network and related collaborative services to UK education and research, including further- and higher-education organisations and the UK Research Councils.

From 1997 to 2002, Dr Hartley was Executive Director of the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre{{Citation | last = Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre | title = History | url = http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/CCDC/Companyprofile/Pages/History.aspx | access-date = 24 January 2014 }} which maintains the largest searchable database of experimentally-determined small molecule crystal structures. It performs analyses on these data and facilitates others' use.

Dr Hartley maintains strong ties with the University of Cambridge where he continues to be a Fellow of Clare College and an Honorary Member of the Computer Laboratory. He has recently become involved in the history of computing, serving for four years as Chairman of the Computer Conservation Society, a special-interest group of the British Computer Society. In 2012 he spent a year as part-time Museum Director of The National Museum of Computing{{Citation | last = Fleming | first = Stephen | title = TNMOC appoints first Museum Director | publisher = The National Museum of Computing | date = 5 September 2012 | url = http://www.tnmoc.org/news/news-releases/tnmoc-appoints-first-museum-director | access-date = 5 January 2014}} and is currently a trustee of the EDSAC Replica Project.

{{reflist}}

• [https://www.sms.cam.ac.uk/media/2539427 Interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 2 May 2017 (video)]

• {{Citation | title = Cambridge University Computing Laboratory: DR DAVID HARTLEY – CAREER SUMMARY | publisher = University of Cambridge | url = http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~dfh1/ | access-date = 5 January 2014}}
• {{Citation | title = Dr. David Hartley | publisher = The National Museum of Computing | url = http://www.computerhistory.org/events/bio/David,Hartley | access-date = 5 January 2014}}

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Category:1937 births

Category:Living people

Category:People from Halifax, West Yorkshire

Category:Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge

Category:English computer scientists

Category:British software engineers

Category:Members of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory

Category:Fellows of Clare College, Cambridge

Category:Fellows of the British Computer Society