David Ho

{{Infobox scientist

| name = David Ho

| image = Ho photo (cropped 3x4).jpg

| caption = Ho in 2012

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|11|3}}

| birth_place = Taichung, Taiwan

| death_date =

| death_place =

| native_name = 何大一

| fields = Virology

| workplaces = Columbia University
Rockefeller University

| known_for = HIV/AIDS research

| awards = Ernst Jung Prize (1991)
Bristol-Myers Squibb Award (1996)
American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1997)
Presidential Citizens Medal (2001)

| website = {{url|https://www.adarc.cuimc.columbia.edu/research/research-labs/ho-lab}}

| education = California Institute of Technology (BS)
Harvard University (MD)

| module = {{Infobox Chinese

| embed = yes

| child = yes

| title = David Ho

| showflag = cp

| c = 何大一

| p = Hé Dà-yī

| tp = Hé Dà-yī

| w = He² Ta⁴-i¹

| poj = Hô Tāi-it

| gr = Her Dahi

}}

David Da-i Ho ({{zh|t=何大一}}; pinyin: Hé Dà-yī; born November 3, 1952) is a Taiwanese-American{{Cite web |title=9 medical pioneers to celebrate for Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month|url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/9-medical-pioneers-to-celebrate-for-asian-american-and-pacific-islander-heritage-month.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513183957/https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/9-medical-pioneers-to-celebrate-for-asian-american-and-pacific-islander-heritage-month.html|work= Becker's Hospital Review|date=May 13, 2021 |quote=David Ho, MD, for pioneering treatment of HIV/AIDS. Dr. Ho is a Taiwanese American physician who was named Time's Man of the Year in 1996|access-date=2023-10-21|archive-date=2021-05-13|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |title= Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Pioneers in Medicine & Science|url=https://myana.org/asian-american-native-hawaiian-and-pacific-islander-pioneers-medicine-science|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610214542/https://myana.org/asian-american-native-hawaiian-and-pacific-islander-pioneers-medicine-science|archive-date=2023-06-10|work= American Neurological Association (ANA) |access-date=2023-10-20| url-status=live}}[http://www.fapa.org/fapanews/fapanews52000.html Sen. Russ Feingold (D-WI) noted, "Without the contributions of Taiwanese Americans, we would lack the important AIDS research of Dr. David Ho.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908103132/http://www.fapa.org/fapanews/fapanews52000.html|date=September 8, 2008}}, Formosan Association for Public Affairs, MAY 2000[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2011/09/04/2003512434 Taiwanese-American HIV/AIDS academic joins team], The Taipei Times, September 4, 2011[http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=56332&ctNode=5 U.S. Public TV Stations to Broadcast Taiwan Travel Features] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203838/http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=56332&ctNode=5|date=March 3, 2016}} , Government Information Office, Republic of China (Taiwan), December 27, 2006 AIDS researcher, physician, and virologist who has made a number of scientific contributions to the understanding and treatment of HIV infection.{{cite magazine|last=Park|first=Alice|date=January 25, 2010|title=Scientist David Ho: The Man Who Could Beat AIDS|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1953703-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604065341/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1953703-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 4, 2011|magazine=Time|access-date=January 24, 2010}} He was a pioneer of combination anti-retroviral therapy instead of single therapy,(N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; Science 1996) which turned HIV from an absolute terminal disease into a chronic disease.{{Cite journal| title = HIV as a chronic disease| journal = Clinical Medicine| volume = 9| issue = 2| pages = 125–128| date= 2009-04-01| doi = 10.7861/clinmedicine.9-2-125| pmid = 19435115| pmc=4952661| last1=Mahungu| first1=Tabitha| last2=Rodger| first2=Alison| last3=Johnson | first3=Margaret| access-date=2023-01-31| url=https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/9/2/125| url-access= | url-status=live| archive-date=2020-07-23| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200723073533/https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/9/2/125}}

David Ho was born in Taiwan in 1952 and immigrated to the United States in 1965, where he was educated at the California Institute of Technology and Harvard Medical School (through the Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology) before getting his clinical training at UCLA School of Medicine and Massachusetts General Hospital.

He is the founding scientific director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center{{Cite web | title=About Us - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center (ADARC) | url=https://www.adarc.cuimc.columbia.edu/about-us | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608224604/https://www.adarc.cuimc.columbia.edu/about-us | website=Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center | date=September 17, 2020 | access-date=2023-10-27 | archive-date=2023-06-08 | url-status=live}} and the Clyde and Helen Wu Professor of Medicine at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons,{{Cite web | title=Our Legacy - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center (ADARC) | url=https://www.adarc.cuimc.columbia.edu/about-us/our-legacy | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608223916/https://www.adarc.cuimc.columbia.edu/about-us/our-legacy | website=Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center | date=September 17, 2020 | quote=...joined Columbia University Irving Medical Center on January 1, 2020. Dr. David Ho remains as the Center’s Director and has been named the Clyde and Helen Wu Professor of Medicine at Columbia University. | access-date=2023-10-27 | archive-date=2023-06-08 | url-status=live}} both housed at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.{{Cite web | title=Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons - Columbia University Irving Medical Center | url=https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/education/vagelos-college-physicians-and-surgeons | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607165802/https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/education/vagelos-college-physicians-and-surgeons | website=Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons | date=December 29, 2020 | access-date=2023-10-27 | archive-date=2023-06-07 | url-status=live}}

Early life and education

David Ho was born in Taichung, Taiwan, to Paul ({{zh|labels=no|c=何步基|p=Hé Bùjī}}), an engineer, and Sonia Ho (née Jiang) ({{zh|labels=no|t=江雙如|p=Jiāng Shuāngrú}}). He attended Taichung Municipal Guang-Fu Elementary School until sixth grade before immigrating to the United States with his mother and younger brother to unite with his father, who had already been in the US since 1957.{{cite web |title=David Ho, The Chinese American Hero Who Pioneered Drug Therapies For HIV/AIDS |url=https://www.usaonrace.com/setting-it-straight/1838/david-ho-the-chinese-american-hero-who-pioneered-drug-therapies-for-hivaids.html |website=USAonRACE}}

Ho grew up in Los Angeles and graduated from John Marshall High School. He received his Bachelor of Science in biology with highest honors from the California Institute of Technology (1974).{{cite web|url=http://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/2527/1/June_14%2C_1974.pdf |title=Caltech Commencement Program |date=June 14, 1974 |publisher=Caltech Campus Publications |access-date=March 29, 2013}} In 1978, Ho earned a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) from Harvard Medical School.

Career

Ho has been engaged in HIV/AIDS research since the beginning of the pandemic, initially focusing on clinical virology and select topics in HIV pathogenesis, including HIV drug resistance. Before 1996, AZT{{Cite journal| title = Time to Hit HIV, Early and Hard| journal = New England Journal of Medicine| volume = 333| issue = 7| pages = 450–451| date= August 17, 1995| doi = 10.1056/NEJM199508173330710| pmid = 7616996| last1 = Ho| first1 = David| access-date=January 29, 2023| url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199508173330710| url-access= limited| url-status=live| quote=... zidovudine was shown in 1990 to slow the clinical progression to AIDS in infected but asymptomatic subjects. However, a follow-up of those subjects found no evidence of longer survival with the use of zidovudine...| archive-date=September 1, 2015| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150901055811/http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199508173330710}} and other early 1990s antiretroviral medication were prescribed in single therapy, which still did not prevent progression to fatal full-blown AIDS.{{bulleted list| {{Cite web| url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids/interviews/ho.html| title = Interviews - David Ho - The Age Of Aids - Frontline| url-status=live| series= Frontline| publisher=PBS| quote=... it's inevitable for HIV to develop drug resistance if you give it one drug at a time...| date=May 30, 2006| access-date=January 29, 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307045642/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids/interviews/ho.html| archive-date=March 7, 2007}}| {{cite episode |title=The Age of AIDS, Part II | series=Frontline |network=PBS |date=2006-05-31| access-date=2023-01-31| season= 24 (2006)| number=11| url=https://www.pbs.org/video/frontline-age-aids-part-ii/ |time=0:18:42| quote=... We came to the conclusion that it's inevitable for HIV to develop drug resistance if you give it one drug at a time... }}}} In the mid-1990s, his research team conducted a series of elegant human studies to elucidate the dynamics of HIV replication in vivo. This knowledge, in turn, formed the foundation for their pioneering effort to treat HIV "early and hard" and in demonstrating for the first time the durable control of HIV replication in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy,(Nature 1997){{Bulleted list| {{Cite web| url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids/interviews/ho.html| title = Interviews - David Ho - The Age Of Aids - Frontline| url-status=live| series= Frontline| publisher=PBS| quote=... if you start to combine the drugs and try to force the virus into a corner using multiple drugs, it is exceedingly difficult or statistically improbable for HIV to become resistant to all the drugs simultaneously.| date=May 30, 2006| access-date=January 29, 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307045642/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids/interviews/ho.html| archive-date=March 7, 2007}}| {{cite episode |title=The Age of AIDS, Part II | series=Frontline |network=PBS |date=2006-05-31| access-date=2023-01-31| season= 24 (2006)| number=11| url=https://www.pbs.org/video/frontline-age-aids-part-ii/ |time=0:18:54| quote=... However, if you start to combine the drugs and try to force the virus into a corner using multiple drugs, it is exceedingly difficult...for HIV to become resistant to all the drugs simultaneously. }}}} which had subsequently developed by scientists at NIAID and Merck.{{Cite journal|title = Treatment with Indinavir, Zidovudine, and Lamivudine in Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Prior Antiretroviral Therapy|journal = New England Journal of Medicine|volume = 337|issue = 11|pages = 734–739|year = 1997|doi = 10.1056/NEJM199709113371102|pmid = 9287228|last1 = Gulick|first1 = Roy M.|last2 = Mellors|first2 = John W.|last3 = Havlir|first3 = Diane|last4 = Eron|first4 = Joseph J.|last5 = Gonzalez|first5 = Charles|last6 = McMahon|first6 = Deborah|last7 = Richman|first7 = Douglas D.|last8 = Valentine|first8 = Fred T.|last9 = Jonas|first9 = Leslie|last10 = Meibohm|first10 = Anne|last11 = Emini|first11 = Emilio A.|last12 = Chodakewitz|first12 = Jeffrey A.|last13 = Deutsch|first13 = Paul|last14 = Holder|first14 = Daniel|last15 = Schleif|first15 = William A.|last16 = Condra|first16 = Jon H.|doi-access = free}} He and his ADARC team presented the remarkable results from using combination antiretroviral therapy at International AIDS Conference 1996.{{cite episode |title=The Age of AIDS, Part II | series=Frontline |network=PBS |date=2006-05-31| access-date=2023-01-31| season= 24 (2006)| number=11| url=https://www.pbs.org/video/frontline-age-aids-part-ii/ |time=0:21:50| quote=International AIDS Conference 1996 in Vancouver showing combination therapy results}} This was the turning point in the epidemic that an automatic death sentence was transformed into a manageable disease.{{Cite web| url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids/interviews/ho.html| title = Interviews - David Ho - The Age Of Aids - Frontline| url-status=live| series= Frontline| publisher=PBS| quote=... response with combination therapy was rather dramatic...we see some deathly ill patients totally recover after two to three weeks of good therapy...people got out of their deathbed after a few weeks of therapy.| date=May 30, 2006| access-date=January 29, 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307045642/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids/interviews/ho.html| archive-date=March 7, 2007}}

Ho has published more than 500 research papers as of February 2020.(Nature 1995; Science 1996)

Ho is a member of the Committee of 100, a Chinese American leadership organization, in addition to several scientific groups.{{Cite web|url=https://www.committee100.org/member/david-d-ho/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702122636/https://www.committee100.org/member/david-d-ho|url-status=live|title=MEMBERS {{!}} Committee of 100|publisher=Committee of 100|website=www.committee100.org|access-date=February 25, 2020|archive-date=2022-07-02}}

Ho led a team, funded by the Jack Ma Foundation, to look for a vaccine for the COVID-19 virus.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/health/covid-19-are-we-close-to-a-novel-coronavirus-vaccine/2312199/|title = COVID-19: Are We Close to a Novel Coronavirus Vaccine?| date=March 4, 2020 }}

Honors and titles

Ho was Time magazine's 1996 Man of the Year. Time later recalled the selection surprising both Ho and readers.Time, Person of the Year: 75th Anniversary Celebration, Special Collector's Edition, Time Books, 2002, p. 108.{{cite web|title= 1996 Man of the Year |series= Time Magazine Person of the Year |publisher=Time Magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/poy2000/archive/1996.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010123235600/http://www.time.com/time/poy2000/archive/1996.html|archive-date=2001-01-23}}{{cite magazine| title=Dr. David Ho: The Disease Detective| date=1996-12-30 | url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,985762-7,00.html| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212141913/https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,985762-7,00.html| archive-date=2022-12-12| magazine=Time| last= Gorman| first=Christine | access-date=2023-02-01}} The magazine acknowledged in 1996 that "Ho is not, to be sure, a household name. But some people make headlines while others make history." As of 2024, Ho is the last person to be selected as Person of the Year in a U.S. presidential election year without winning that year's U.S. presidential election. In 1998, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=American Academy of Achievement|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/all-honorees/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221003453/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/all-honorees/|access-date=2023-01-31|archive-date=2022-12-21}}{{cite web|title= David Ho Interview -- Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=American Academy of Achievement|url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/hoa0int-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429191401/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/hoa0int-1|archive-date=2007-04-29|url-status=dead}} Ho was even briefly mentioned when Alexander Fleming was considered for Person of the Century in 1999, since Fleming could be portrayed as representative of other disease-fighting scientists including Ho,Time Millennium, Collector's Edition, Time Inc. Specials, p. 21. but the title ultimately went to Albert Einstein.

Ho was the chosen commencement speaker at Caltech,[https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/science-candle-hope-be-theme-david-hos-caltech-commencement-address-189 “Science as a Candle of Hope"] David Ho Caltech Commencement Address in 1997 MIT,{{Cite web|url=http://news.mit.edu/1998/ho|title=AIDS researcher David Ho to be MIT commencement speaker|website=MIT News|date=February 16, 1998 }} and Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in 2000.

Ho has received numerous honors and awards for his scientific accomplishments. On January 8, 2001, he was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Clinton.{{Cite web| url=http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Mon_Jan_8_141714_2001.html| title = The White House - President Clinton Awards the Presidential Citizens Medals Monday, January 8, 2001| url-status=dead| series= Clinton White House| publisher=National Archives and Records Administration| date=2001-01-08| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801215612/http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Mon_Jan_8_141714_2001.html| archive-date=2012-08-01}}Mo, Steven (June 13, 2011). [http://www.asianscientist.com/features/aids-research-pioneer-david-ho-da-i/ "AIDS Research Pioneer, David Hoe, Talks To Asian Scientist Magazine"]. Asian Scientist.

On December 6, 2006, California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Ho into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts.{{cite web|url=http://www.californiamuseum.org/2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804005142/http://www.californiamuseum.org/2006|title=California Hall of Fame - California Museum|website=www.californiamuseum.org|access-date=2023-01-31|archive-date=2012-08-04}}

Ho was awarded the Distinguished Alumni Award by California Institute of Technology in 2015.{{Cite web|url=https://www.alumni.caltech.edu/daa|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502144536/https://www.alumni.caltech.edu/daa/|title=Distinguished Alumni|website=Caltech Alumni Association|archive-date=2020-05-02}} Ho received the Portrait of a Nation Prize at the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution in 2017.{{Cite web| url=https://npg.si.edu/blog/portrait-nation-prize-recipient-dr-david-ho| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119040509/https://npg.si.edu/blog/portrait-nation-prize-recipient-dr-david-ho|title=2017 Portrait of a Nation Prize Recipient: Dr. David Ho| website=National Portrait Gallery Smithsonian Institution| date=November 14, 2017|access-date=2023-01-31|archive-date=2017-11-19}}

Other accolades include the Ernst Jung Prize in Medicine,{{Cite web|url=https://jung-stiftung.de/en/the-awards/ernst-jung-prize-for-medicine/laureates-1976-to-2021/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516184837/https://jung-stiftung.de/en/the-awards/ernst-jung-prize-for-medicine/laureates-1976-to-2021/|title=Ernst Jung Prize|access-date=2023-01-31|archive-date=2022-05-16}} Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science & Technology, the Squibb Award,{{Cite web|url=https://www.adarc.cuimc.columbia.edu/profile/david-d-ho-md|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107082111/https://www.adarc.cuimc.columbia.edu/profile/david-d-ho-md|title=David D. Ho, MD - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center (ADARC)|website=www.adarc.cuimc.columbia.edu|date=September 11, 2020 |publisher=Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center|access-date=2023-01-31|archive-date=2023-01-07}} the Architect of Peace{{Cite web|url=http://www.architectsofpeace.org/architects-of-peace/david-ho|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418034913/http://www.architectsofpeace.org/architects-of-peace/david-ho|title=:: David Ho | Architect of Peace|website=www.architectsofpeace.org|archive-date=2010-04-18}} and the Hoechst Marion Roussel Award.{{Cite web| url=https://vet.osu.edu/retrovirus-research/2014-distinguished-research-career-award| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907012006/https://vet.osu.edu/retrovirus-research/2014-distinguished-research-career-award| title=2014 Distinguished Research Career Award | College of Veterinary Medicine - Center for Retrovirus Research | website=vet.osu.edu| access-date=2023-01-31|archive-date=2015-09-07}}

Ho has been elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), and the U.S. National Academy of Medicine (formerly Institute of Medicine). He is currently a member of the board of trustees of the California Institute of Technology.{{cite web| title= Board of Trustees - Caltech Academic Catalog| publisher=California Institute of Technology| url=https://catalog.caltech.edu/current/trustees-administration-faculty/board-of-trustees/| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907013112/https://catalog.caltech.edu/current/trustees-administration-faculty/board-of-trustees/| archive-date=2022-09-07| access-date=2023-01-31}} He was a member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard University and a board member of the MIT Corporation.{{cite web|url=https://corporation.mit.edu/membership/all-members/former-corporation-members|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106035356/http://corporation.mit.edu/membership/all-members/former-corporation-members|title=Former Corporation Members - The MIT Corporation|website=corporation.mit.edu|access-date=2023-01-31|archive-date=2022-11-06}}

He is also a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Ho was recognized by the Kingdom of Thailand with the Prince Mahidol Award in Medicine.{{Cite web|url=https://www.princemahidolaward.org/the-announcement-for-the-prince-mahidol-award-2013/|title=The Announcement for the Prince Mahidol Award 2013|date=November 21, 2013|website=Prince Mahidol Award Foundation}}

Ho was awarded Hamdan Award for Medical Research Excellence - Immunity in 2022.{{Cite web|url=http://www.hmaward.org.ae/profile.php?id=2571|title=Hamdan Award for Medical Research Excellence - Immunity to David Ho|access-date=2023-10-22}}

Personal life

Ho's family's ancestral home is Xinyu, Jiangxi Province.{{Cite web|url=http://www.adarc.org/files/David%20Ho%20Credits%20His%20Achievements%20to%20Late%20Father.html|url-status=dead|title=David Ho Credits His Achievements to Late Father｜Culture｜News｜WantChinaTimes.com|website=www.adarc.org|access-date=February 25, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801010812/http://www.adarc.org/files/David%20Ho%20Credits%20His%20Achievements%20to%20Late%20Father.html}} He is married to Tera Wong, with whom he has four children: Kathryn, Jonathan, Jaclyn, and Jerren.{{Cite web |date=2020-05-11 |title=David D. Ho, MD |url=https://www.infectiousdiseases.cuimc.columbia.edu/profile/david-d-ho-md |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=Infectious Diseases |language=en}}

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20010123235600/http://www.time.com/time/poy2000/archive/1996.html 1996 Man of the Year]
[http://www.adarc.org/ Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20051202004044/http://www.rockefeller.edu/research/abstract.php?id=63 Rockefeller Heads of Laboratories]
[https://www.depauw.edu/news/index.asp?id=13915 Ubben Lecture at DePauw University; April 16, 1997]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20070429191401/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/hoa0int-1 David Ho Interview -- Academy of Achievement]
{{C-SPAN|27532}}

Category:1952 births

Category:California Institute of Technology alumni

Category:David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA alumni

Category:Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering

Category:Harvard Medical School alumni

Category:HIV/AIDS researchers

Category:Living people

Category:Columbia Medical School faculty

Category:Members of Academia Sinica

Category:Members of the Committee of 100

Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine

Category:Scientists from Taichung