David Milgaard
{{Short description|Wrongfully convicted Canadian (1952–2022)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = David Milgaard
| birth_name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1952|7|7}}
| birth_place = Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| death_date = {{death date and age|2022|5|15|1952|7|7}}
| death_place = Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| other_names =
| known_for = Wrongful murder conviction
| occupation = {{hlist|Public speaker|support worker}}
| spouse = Cristina Milgaard
| children = 2
| parents = {{hlist|Joyce Milgaard|Lorne Milgaard}}
}}
David Milgaard (July 7, 1952 – May 15, 2022) was a Canadian man who was wrongfully convicted for the 1969 rape and murder of nursing student Gail Miller in Saskatoon and imprisoned for 23 years. He was eventually released and exonerated. Up until his death, he lived in Alberta and was employed as a community support worker. Milgaard was also a public speaker who advocated for the wrongfully convicted and for all prisoners' rights.{{cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov.sk.ca/milgaard/pubdocs/10312005/TDRCaldwell/054461.pdf |title=A Portrait of a Canadian Injustice |date=August 1991 |author=Victims of Injustice Cry Enough |access-date=June 17, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618040216/http://www.justice.gov.sk.ca/milgaard/pubdocs/10312005/TDRCaldwell/054461.pdf |archive-date=June 18, 2015 }}
Arrest, trial and exoneration
In January 1969, 16-year-old Milgaard and his friends Ron Wilson and Nichol John embarked on a trip across Canada. The three were in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, visiting their friend Albert Cadrain when a 20-year-old nursing student, Gail Miller, was found dead on a snowbank in the vicinity of the Cadrain home. Under pressure to solve a crime that had generated significant publicity, police focused their attention on Milgaard, Wilson and John. In an attempt to clear his name and assist the investigation, Milgaard turned himself in to police in Prince George, British Columbia. Police sent him back to Saskatoon, where he was charged with Miller's murder. Milgaard's friends John and Wilson were coerced by police into giving false confessions. Cadrain also gave a false confession and later testified that he had seen Milgaard return the night of Miller's murder in blood-stained clothing. Wilson and John told police they had been with him the entire day and they believed him to be innocent, but changed their stories after police threatened them with prosecution if they did not cooperate.{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Kevin |title='Will you stop typing?': Five decades after being wrongly convicted, Milgaard reflects on the idea of Canadian justice |url=https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/will-you-stop-typing-five-decades-after-being-wrongly-convicted-milgaard-reflects-on-the-idea-of-canadian-justice-1.4791067 |access-date=October 20, 2020 |agency=CTV News |date=January 30, 2020}}
With Cadrain, John and Wilson's testimony, then-17-year-old Milgaard was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison on January 31, 1970, exactly a year after Miller's murder.{{cite news |title=In depth: David Milgaard |department=Timeline |work=CBC News |date=September 26, 2008 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/milgaard/ |access-date=May 22, 2022}} In 1971, Milgaard's appeal was rejected by the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court of Canada declined to hear his appeal. Milgaard later wrote of the hardships he faced in prison, where he was raped and later attempted suicide.{{Cite magazine |last=Bergman |first=Brian |title=Milgaard's Victory |magazine=Maclean's |volume=112 |issue=22 |date=May 31, 1999 |page=28 |issn=0024-9262 |url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1999/5/31/milgaards-victory}}
= Exoneration =
Milgaard's lawyers and his mother, Joyce, worked for many years on clearing his name.{{cite news |first=Lisa |last=Joy |title=Christmas 1980 Joyce Milgaard fights for son's innocence, commission for wrongful convictions only now being created |website=sasktoday.ca |date=December 26, 2021 |url=https://www.sasktoday.ca/north/local-news/christmas-1980-joyce-milgaard-fights-for-sons-innocence-commission-for-wrongful-convictions-only-now-being-created-4900181 |access-date=May 22, 2022}}{{cite news |last1=Jenish |first1=D’arcy |title=The Survivors -- David Milgaard gets a new start on life |url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1992/4/27/the-survivors |access-date=May 22, 2022 |work=Maclean's |date=April 27, 1992 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522104730/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1992/4/27/the-survivors |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |url-status=dead}} A formal application for appeal was completed in 1988, but was not considered until 1991 when the federal government submitted a reference question to the Supreme Court of Canada, which recommended Milgaard's conviction be set aside. Kim Campbell, the federal minister of justice at the time, ordered that pursuant to section 690 of the Criminal Code, a new trial be held on the murder charge against Milgaard. However, the government of Saskatchewan announced it would not do so, instead entering a stay of proceedings in the case against Milgaard, releasing him from prison on April 16, 1992.{{cite news |title=Wrongfully convicted David Milgaard released from prison 25 years ago |date=April 16, 2017 |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/david-milgaard-25th-anniversary-of-release-1.4071825 |access-date=January 21, 2020 |quote=Milgaard was released from prison, after a court ruled he should have a new trial in the 1969 murder of Saskatoon nursing aide Gail Miller}}
On July 18, 1997, a DNA laboratory in the United Kingdom released a report confirming that semen samples on the victim's clothing did not originate from Milgaard, effectively exonerating Milgaard of the crime.
On May 17, 1999, the governments of Canada and Saskatchewan announced that a settlement had been reached with Milgaard, and that he would be paid C$10 million compensation for pain and suffering, lost wages and legal fees.{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://esask.uregina.ca/entry/milgaard_david_1952-.jsp |title=Milgaard, David |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan |publisher=University of Regina |access-date= May 16, 2022}}{{cite news |title=Milgaard will get $10 million compensation |work=CBC News |date=May 17, 2000 |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/milgaard-will-get-10-million-compensation-1.174896 |access-date=February 26, 2016}}
= Inquiry =
On September 30, 2003, the Saskatchewan government announced a royal commission would investigate Milgaard's wrongful conviction. On February 20, 2004, Justice Edward P. MacCallum was announced as the commissioner.{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/alberta-judge-to-head-up-milgaard-inquiry-1.509410 |access-date=May 23, 2022 |date=February 20, 2004 |publisher=CBC News |title=Alberta judge to head up Milgaard inquiry}}
On September 26, 2008, the Saskatchewan Minister of Justice, Don Morgan, released the findings of the Milgaard inquiry. Among its recommendations were a call for the federal government to create an independent body to review allegations of wrongful conviction. The report noted that if such a body had existed, Milgaard might have been released from jail years earlier than he actually was. Linda Fisher, ex-wife of Larry Fisher, visited the Saskatoon police department in 1980. She told the police that she believed her former husband had likely killed Miller. The Saskatoon police department did not follow up on her statement.{{cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/saskatoonstarphoenix/news/local/story.html?id=385773c6-ce93-4a4e-b9a5-c3b9415773c0 |title=Police missed opportunity to reopen case |work=The StarPhoenix |date=September 27, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315232539/http://www.canada.com/saskatoonstarphoenix/news/local/story.html?id=385773c6-ce93-4a4e-b9a5-c3b9415773c0 |archive-date=March 15, 2014 }} The inquiry report released by MacCallum states that, "while MacCallum noted that Milgaard's family members mounted a formidable public awareness campaign, their efforts also created tension and resentment within the police and the Crown's office."{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/joyce-milgaard-delighted-by-report-recommendations-1.762328 |access-date=2015-10-14 |date=September 26, 2008 |work=CBC News |title=Joyce Milgaard 'delighted' by report recommendations}}
= Real killer =
{{anchor|Larry Fisher (murderer)}} The DNA evidence that exonerated Milgaard led police to Larry Earl Fisher (August 21, 1949 – June 10, 2015), who was renting the basement of the Cadrain family home in January 1969. Fisher was arrested on July 25, 1997, in Calgary and convicted of Miller's murder on November 22, 1999. Fisher, who had previously served a total of 23 years for numerous rapes committed in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, was handed a life sentence.{{cite news |title=Fisher gets life sentence |url=https://www.cbc.ca/storyview/CBC/2000/01/04/larry000104 |access-date=May 22, 2022 |work=CBC News |date=January 5, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031221011333/https://www.cbc.ca/storyview/CBC/2000/01/04/larry000104 |archive-date=December 21, 2003 |location=web.archive.org}} The Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan unanimously denied the appeal of his conviction in September 2003.{{cite web | url=http://www.justice.gov.sk.ca/milgaard/pubdocs/09192005/Larry%20Fisher/067059.pdf |title=Residences and Movements of Larry Fisher |last1=Counsel |first1=D.A. |date=December 15, 1997 |access-date=June 11, 2015| url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613105903/http://www.justice.gov.sk.ca/milgaard/pubdocs/09192005/Larry%20Fisher/067059.pdf |archive-date=June 13, 2015 }}
Fisher was eligible for parole on multiple occasions, but opted not to have his case heard by the National Parole Board.{{cite news | url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/null-40379892.html| title=Parole board says rapist, murderer Larry Fisher has passed on June parole hearing| date=February 26, 2009| work=Winnipeg Free Press |agency=The Canadian Press}} He died on June 10, 2015, at the Pacific Institution in Abbotsford, British Columbia.{{cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/larry-fisher-killer-behind-david-milgaard-s-wrongful-conviction-dies-in-prison-1.3108684| title=Larry Fisher, Killer Behind David Milgaard's Wrongful Conviction, Dies in Prison| date=June 11, 2015| agency=The Canadian Press| work=CBC News}}
Life after release
After his release, Milgaard married his partner Cristina.{{cite news|title=David Milgaard struggles daily after spending two decades behind bars while innocent|date=October 1, 2020|url=https://cochranenow.com/articles/david-milgaard-struggles-daily-after-spending-two-decades-behind-bars-while-innocent|work=CochraneNow|access-date=May 16, 2022 |last1=Meister |first1=Lauren}} Together, they had two children, a son and a daughter.{{Cite news |last=Da Silva |first=Chrissy|date=September 12, 2019 |title=Behind the Man: David Milgaard|work=CochraneToday.ca|url=https://www.cochranetoday.ca/amp/local-news/behind-the-man-david-milgaard-1672322|access-date=May 16, 2022}} As of January 2020, Milgaard was living in Cochrane, Alberta. In 2021 he posted several videos on his YouTube channel Project Milgaard. He had recently been appointed to the Independent Review Board Working Group, an entity whose creation was ordered by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in December 2019. A news item stated that "he has helped in the fight for the creation of a review board for cases of wrongful conviction."{{cite news|title=QUEST FOR JUSTICE: Milgaard continues to fight for those wrongly convicted |last1=Aldrich |first1=Josh|date=January 15, 2020|url=https://winnipegsun.com/news/news-news/quest-for-justice-milgaard-continues-to-fight-for-those-wrongly-convicted|work=Winnipeg Sun|access-date=January 21, 2020|quote=Now he is helping others who are living his nightmare find their way to freedom.}}{{cite news|title=The Globe's top long reads of 2019|date=December 31, 2020|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-from-canadas-most-wanted-fugitives-to-the-raptors-biggest-fan-catch/ |work=Winnipeg Sun|access-date=January 21, 2020|quote=David Milgaard who was wrongfully convicted for the rape and murder of nursing assistant Gail Miller finds peace at home in Cochrane, Alberta}}
Milgaard became ill on May 14, 2022. He was taken to a hospital in Calgary, where he died the following day at the age of 69 from complications of pneumonia.{{Cite news |last=Grant |first=Meghan |date=May 15, 2022 |title=A life 'defined by something he didn't do': David Milgaard, wrongfully convicted of murder, dies at 69 |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/david-milgaard-death-wrongfully-convicted-calgary-winnipeg-1.6454202 |access-date=May 16, 2022}}{{Cite news |date=May 15, 2022 |title=Milgaard dead at 69. A tireless advocate against injustice |last1=Lett |first1=Dan |last2=Piche |first2=Gabrielle |work=Winnipeg Free Press |url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/milgaard-dead-at-69-576502982.html |access-date=May 15, 2022}}
Legacy
In February 2023, Justice Minister David Lametti introduced a bill called the "David and Joyce Milgaard's Law" which would create a new, independent commission to investigate potential wrongful conviction cases and refer them back to the justice system.{{Cite news |last=Fraser |first=David |date=February 16, 2023 |title=Liberals introduce 'Milgaard's Law' to create review process for wrongful convictions |work=Toronto Star |agency=The Canadian Press |url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/2023/02/16/liberals-introduce-milgaards-law-to-create-review-process-for-wrongful-convictions.html |access-date=February 16, 2023}}
In popular culture
The Milgaard case has been the subject of two movies: the 1992 documentary The David Milgaard Story, directed by Vic Sarin, and the 1999 docudrama Milgaard, directed by Stephen Williams and starring Ian Tracey.{{Cite news |last=Joy |first=Lisa |date=May 15, 2022 |title=Justice advocate David Milgaard has died|work=SaskToday.ca|url=https://www.sasktoday.ca/north/local-news/justice-advocate-david-milgaard-has-died-5370377|access-date=May 16, 2022}}
The song "Wheat Kings" by the Tragically Hip (from their 1992 album Fully Completely) contains references to the story.{{cite web|title=CBC Digital Archives – Migaard gets $10 million compensation package | url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/milgaard-gets-10-million-compensation-package |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402081325/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/milgaard-gets-10-million-compensation-package |archive-date=2016-04-02 |url-status=dead |publisher= Canadian Broadcast Corporation | access-date=October 14, 2015}}
Canadian artist David Collier described the Milgaard case in comics form in his 2000 book Surviving Saskatoon.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{Cite book |last1=Faryon |first1=Cynthia J. |date=2012 |title=Sentenced to Life at Seventeen: The Story of David Milgaard |url=https://archive.org/details/sentencedtolifea0000fary |url-access=registration |location=Toronto |publisher=James Lorimer & Co. |isbn=978-1-55277-433-5}}
- {{Cite book |last1=Karp |first1=Carl |last2=Rosner |first2=Cecil |date=1998 |title=When Justice Fails: The David Milgaard Story |url=https://archive.org/details/whenjusticefails00carl |url-access=registration |location=Toronto |publisher=McClelland & Stewart |isbn=978-0-7710-4591-2}}
- {{Cite book |last1=Milgaard |first1=Joyce |last2=Edwards |first2=Peter |date=2000 |title=A Mother's Story: The Fight to Free My Son David |location=Toronto |publisher=Seal Books |isbn=978-0-7704-2817-4}}
External links
- {{Cite book |last1=MacCallum |first1=Edward P. |date=2008 |title=Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Wrongful Conviction of David Milgaard |url=http://www.publications.gov.sk.ca/freelaw/Publications_Centre/Justice/Milgaard/Milgaard.pdf |location=Saskatoon |publisher=Government of Saskatchewan}}
- [http://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/milgaard/ CBC.ca Indepth: Timeline of David Milgaard story]
- [http://www.cbc.ca/archives/topic/the-wrongful-conviction-of-david-milgaard CBC Digital Archives: The Wrongful Conviction of David Milgaard]
- {{Cite Canadian Court |litigants=Reference re Milgaard |url=https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/864/index.do |decisionyear= |reporteryear=1992 |vol=1 |reporter=S.C.R. |series=866|page= |court=}}
- {{IMDb title|0405859|The David Milgaard Story}}
{{WrongfulMurderConvictions}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Milgaard, David}}
Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Alberta
Category:Overturned convictions in Canada
Category:People wrongfully convicted of murder