David S. Wishart

{{Short description|Canadian bioinformatician (born 1961)}}

{{Infobox scientist

| name = David Wishart

| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRSC|size=100%}}

| image = File:David S. Wishart.jpg

| image_size =

| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|December 7, 1961}}

| birth_place = Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

| alt = Photo of Dr. David S. Wishart

| caption =

| occupation = Professor

| workplaces = University of Alberta

| fields = {{plainlist|

| alma_mater = University of Alberta

Yale University

| known_for = {{plainlist|

}}

| awards = {{plainlist|

  • Canadian Research Chair Tier 1 (2023)
  • J. Gordin Kaplan Award for Excellence in Research (2023)
  • Distinguished University Professor (2018)
  • University of Alberta Alumni Award (2017)
  • ASTech Awards (1999, 2021)
  • Lifetime Fellowship, Metabolomics Society (2014)

}}

| website = {{URL|www.wishartlab.com}},

{{URL|www.tmicwishartnode.ca/}}

}}

David S. Wishart {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRSC}} (born December 7, 1961) is a Canadian researcher in metabolomics and a Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences and the Department of Computing Science at the University of Alberta. Wishart also holds cross appointments in the Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology in the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. Additionally, Wishart holds a joint appointment in metabolomics at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington. Wishart is well known for his pioneering contributions to the fields of protein NMR spectroscopy, bioinformatics, cheminformatics and metabolomics.{{Cite web |title=Wishart, Dr. David – ASTech Foundation |url=https://www.astech.ca/archives/indexofpastwinners/wishart-dr-david-2 |access-date=2022-04-08 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=David Wishart - Directory@UAlberta |url=https://apps.ualberta.ca/directory/person/dwishart |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=apps.ualberta.ca |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Honorary Fellowships – Metabolomics Society |url=https://metabolomicssociety.org/awards/honorary-fellowships/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |language=en-US}} In 2011, Wishart founded the Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC),{{Cite web |title=People |url=https://metabolomicscentre.ca/people/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=The Metabolomics Innovation Center |language=en-US}} which is Canada's national metabolomics laboratory.

Wishart is also a biotech entrepreneur. Since 1995 he has launched eight start-up biotech companies, including Chenomx,{{Cite web |title=Chenomx Inc {{!}} Metabolite Discovery and Measurement |url=https://www.chenomx.com/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |language=en-US}} OMx Personal Health Analytics{{Cite web |title=DrugBank {{!}} About DrugBank |url=https://www.drugbank.com/about |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.drugbank.com}} and Molecular You Corp.{{Cite web |title=Our Team – Molecular You |url=https://molecularyou.com/our-team/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=molecularyou.com}} With more than 500 publications and >100,000 citations over his career,{{Cite web |title=David Wishart |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=-JSn-WgAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=scholar.google.com}} he has been consistently ranked among the world's most cited scientists in any discipline{{Cite journal |last1=Ioannidis |first1=John P. A. |last2=Baas |first2=Jeroen |last3=Klavans |first3=Richard |last4=Boyack |first4=Kevin W. |date=2019-08-12 |title=A standardized citation metrics author database annotated for scientific field |journal=PLOS Biology |language=en |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=e3000384 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000384 |issn=1545-7885 |pmc=6699798 |pmid=31404057 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Baas |first1=Jeroen |last2=Boyack |first2=Kevin |last3=Ioannidis |first3=John P. A. |title=August 2021 data-update for "Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators" |url=https://elsevier.digitalcommonsdata.com/datasets/btchxktzyw/3 |access-date=17 December 2022 |language=en |doi=10.17632/btchxktzyw.3 |date=19 October 2021|volume=3 |publisher=Elsevier BV }} and among the world's most cited 200 life scientists.{{Cite web |title=Highly Cited Researchers |url=https://publons.com/awards/highly-cited/2021/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=publons.com}}

Early life and education

Wishart was born and raised in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and has one brother, Ian (a physician) and one sister, Sandy. His mother, Patricia worked as a naturalist and author; his father William was a wildlife biologist with the government of Alberta. Wishart identifies as Metis. He has both Cree and Assiniboine ancestry from his father's side and Scottish ancestry from his mother's side. As a youth, Wishart learned to hunt, fish and trap from his father, who also used to operate his own trapline.

Wishart received his B.Sc. (Honours, First Class) in physics from the University of Alberta in 1983 and his M.Phil. (1986) and Ph.D. degrees (1991) in molecular biophysics from Yale University. Wishart completed his Ph.D. under the supervision of Frederic M. Richards and his post-doctoral studies (1991–1995) under the supervision of Brian D. Sykes.{{Cite web |title=Brian Sykes {{!}} Biochemistry |url=https://www.ualberta.ca/biochemistry/people/faculty/brian-sykes.html |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.ualberta.ca}}

Academic career

Wishart started his academic career as an assistant professor in 1995 with the Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Alberta where he held the Bristol Myers Squibb Chair in Biotechnology for 10 years. He was promoted to associate professor in 2002 and full professor in 2003, joining the Departments of Computing Science and Biological Sciences in the Faculty of Science at the University of Alberta. Because of his growing involvement in clinical chemistry, Wishart was appointed as an adjunct professor in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology in 2012. Wishart was appointed as a Distinguished University Professor in 2018.{{Cite web |title=University of Alberta Distinguished Professor {{!}} Office of the Provost and Vice-President (Academic) |url=https://www.ualberta.ca/provost/funding/awards/faculty-excellence-awards/uofa-distinguished-professor.html |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.ualberta.ca}} From 2004-2016, Wishart also served as a senior research officer and the director of nanobiology at the National Research Council of Canada with the National Institute of Nanotechnology, located on the University of Alberta campus.

Research

Wishart's research interests span a number of areas including structural biology, computational biology, bioinformatics, nanobiology, metabolomics, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. A common theme to his research career has been the development of techniques, technology cores, protocols, data resources or computer programs that make science simpler, faster, cheaper or easier.

= Biomolecular NMR =

Wishart began his research career in the field of protein NMR in the early 1990s, focusing on using NMR spectroscopy to characterize protein structure and protein denaturation. At the time, protein structural analysis by NMR required hundreds of hours of manual data analysis and data tabulation. In an effort to accelerate the process, Wishart discovered a trend with regard to how the NMR chemical shifts of amino acid residues changed systematically with regard to their secondary structure. He proceeded to develop a technique, called the chemical shift index, also known as CSI, that used a set of simple rules and simple chemical shift tables that allowed scientists to directly use protein chemical shift assignments to rapidly determine the type and location of protein secondary structures in proteins in just seconds.{{Cite journal |last1=Wishart |first1=D. S. |last2=Sykes |first2=B. D. |last3=Richards |first3=F. M. |date=1992-02-18 |title=The chemical shift index: a fast and simple method for the assignment of protein secondary structure through NMR spectroscopy |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bi00121a010 |journal=Biochemistry |language=en |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=1647–1651 |doi=10.1021/bi00121a010 |pmid=1737021 |issn=0006-2960|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Wishart |first1=DavidS. |last2=Sykes |first2=BrianD. |date=March 1994 |title=The 13C Chemical-Shift Index: A simple method for the identification of protein secondary structure using 13C chemical-shift data |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00175245 |journal=Journal of Biomolecular NMR |language=en |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=171–180 |doi=10.1007/BF00175245 |pmid=8019132 |s2cid=42323147 |issn=0925-2738|url-access=subscription }} Subsequently, Wishart showed how NMR chemical shifts could be used to easily and rapidly measure protein flexibility via the random coil index or RCI.{{Cite journal |last1=Berjanskii |first1=Mark V. |last2=Wishart |first2=David S. |date=2005-11-01 |title=A Simple Method To Predict Protein Flexibility Using Secondary Chemical Shifts |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja054842f |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |language=en |volume=127 |issue=43 |pages=14970–14971 |doi=10.1021/ja054842f |pmid=16248604 |issn=0002-7863|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Berjanskii |first1=Mark V. |last2=Wishart |first2=David S. |date=January 2008 |title=Application of the random coil index to studying protein flexibility |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10858-007-9208-0 |journal=Journal of Biomolecular NMR |language=en |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=31–48 |doi=10.1007/s10858-007-9208-0 |pmid=17985196 |s2cid=40798448 |issn=0925-2738|url-access=subscription }} Later, he showed how it was possible to use chemical shifts to determine protein backbone torsion angles with a program called PREDITOR.{{Cite journal |last1=Berjanskii |first1=M. V. |last2=Neal |first2=S. |last3=Wishart |first3=D. S. |date=2006-07-01 |title=PREDITOR: a web server for predicting protein torsion angle restraints |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |language=en |volume=34 |issue=Web Server |pages=W63–W69 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkl341 |issn=0305-1048 |pmc=1538894 |pmid=16845087}} Wishart also determined how chemical shifts could be used to measure residue accessible surface area,{{Cite journal |last1=Hafsa |first1=Noor E. |last2=Wishart |first2=David S. |date=November 2014 |title=CSI 2.0: a significantly improved version of the Chemical Shift Index |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10858-014-9863-x |journal=Journal of Biomolecular NMR |language=en |volume=60 |issue=2–3 |pages=131–146 |doi=10.1007/s10858-014-9863-x |pmid=25273503 |s2cid=24871947 |issn=0925-2738|url-access=subscription }} and to identify super secondary structure elements.{{Cite journal |last1=Hafsa |first1=Noor E. |last2=Arndt |first2=David |last3=Wishart |first3=David S. |date=2015-07-01 |title=CSI 3.0: a web server for identifying secondary and super-secondary structure in proteins using NMR chemical shifts |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |language=en |volume=43 |issue=W1 |pages=W370–W377 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkv494 |issn=0305-1048 |pmc=4489240 |pmid=25979265}} To further extend this work, Wishart developed innovative methods to determine the 3D structure of proteins using a technique called chemical shift threading with programs such as GeNMR, CS23D and E-Thrifty.{{Cite journal |last1=Berjanskii |first1=M. |last2=Tang |first2=P. |last3=Liang |first3=J. |last4=Cruz |first4=J. A. |last5=Zhou |first5=J. |last6=Zhou |first6=Y. |last7=Bassett |first7=E. |last8=MacDonell |first8=C. |last9=Lu |first9=P. |last10=Lin |first10=G. |last11=Wishart |first11=D. S. |date=2009-07-01 |title=GeNMR: a web server for rapid NMR-based protein structure determination |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |language=en |volume=37 |issue=Web Server |pages=W670–W677 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkp280 |issn=0305-1048 |pmc=2703936 |pmid=19406927}}{{Cite journal |last1=Wishart |first1=D. S. |last2=Arndt |first2=D. |last3=Berjanskii |first3=M. |last4=Tang |first4=P. |last5=Zhou |first5=J. |last6=Lin |first6=G. |date=2008-05-19 |title=CS23D: a web server for rapid protein structure generation using NMR chemical shifts and sequence data |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |language=en |volume=36 |issue=Web Server |pages=W496–W502 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkn305 |issn=0305-1048 |pmc=2447725 |pmid=18515350}}{{Cite journal |last1=Hafsa |first1=Noor E. |last2=Berjanskii |first2=Mark V. |last3=Arndt |first3=David |last4=Wishart |first4=David S. |date=January 2018 |title=Rapid and reliable protein structure determination via chemical shift threading |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10858-017-0154-1 |journal=Journal of Biomolecular NMR |language=en |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=33–51 |doi=10.1007/s10858-017-0154-1 |pmid=29196969 |s2cid=3495790 |issn=0925-2738|url-access=subscription }} To help compare and assess existing protein NMR structures, Wishart also developed methods to accurately predict protein chemical shifts from 3D coordinates using programs such as ShiftX and ShiftX2.{{Cite journal |last=Neal |first=Stephen |title=Rapid and accurate calculation of protein 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shifts |date=2003 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1023812930288 |journal=Journal of Biomolecular NMR |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=215–240 |doi=10.1023/A:1023812930288|pmid=12766419 |s2cid=29425090 |url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Han |first1=Beomsoo |last2=Liu |first2=Yifeng |last3=Ginzinger |first3=Simon W. |last4=Wishart |first4=David S. |date=May 2011 |title=SHIFTX2: significantly improved protein chemical shift prediction |journal=Journal of Biomolecular NMR |language=en |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=43–57 |doi=10.1007/s10858-011-9478-4 |issn=0925-2738 |pmc=3085061 |pmid=21448735}} At the same time he also developed methods to re-reference incorrectly assigned protein chemical shifts using programs such as SHIFTCOR and PANAV.{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bowei |last2=Wang |first2=Yunjun |last3=Wishart |first3=David S. |date=June 2010 |title=A probabilistic approach for validating protein NMR chemical shift assignments |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10858-010-9407-y |journal=Journal of Biomolecular NMR |language=en |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=85–99 |doi=10.1007/s10858-010-9407-y |pmid=20446018 |s2cid=22564072 |issn=0925-2738|url-access=subscription }} These programs were used to help create protein NMR databases such as RefDB that contain 1000s of re-referenced chemical shifts.{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Haiyan |last2=Neal |first2=Stephen |last3=Wishart |first3=David S. |title=RefDB: A database of uniformly referenced protein chemical shifts |date=2003 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1022836027055 |journal=Journal of Biomolecular NMR |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=173–195 |doi=10.1023/A:1022836027055|pmid=12652131 |s2cid=12786364 |url-access=subscription }} Wishart's papers describing these NMR methods have been cited more than 15,000 times and are now considered{{By whom|date=December 2022}} to be foundational techniques for much of modern protein NMR.

= Metabolomics =

In the early 2000s, Wishart turned his attention from looking at big molecules such as proteins to looking at small molecules (metabolites). In 2001 he developed and then patented NMR-based techniques (leading to the spin-off company Chenomx) that permitted the rapid identification and quantification of metabolites by NMR in biofluids.{{Cite web|url=https://brevets-patents.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/2331116/summary.html|title=Compound Identification and Quantitation in Liquid Mixtures -- Method and Process Using an Automated Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement System|website=Canadian Patent Database}} In 2005, he conceived of the Human Metabolome Project (HMP) {{Cite journal |last=Wishart |first=David S |date=June 2007 |title=Proteomics and the Human Metabolome Project |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1586/14789450.4.3.333 |journal=Expert Review of Proteomics |language=en |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=333–335 |doi=10.1586/14789450.4.3.333 |pmid=17552914 |s2cid=9501798 |issn=1478-9450|url-access=subscription }} – the metabolomic equivalent of the Human Genome Project. Wishart raised over $10 million in funding from Genome Canada and launched a multi-institutional, pan-Canadian program to systematically identify all metabolites, drugs and xenobiotics in clinically important human biofluids. The goal of HMP is to provide the scientific community with easily accessible reference data about human metabolites, thereby making metabolomic data analysis more comprehensive and much simpler. {{As of|2022}}, the HMP is still ongoing and has led to the identification of more than 240,000 human metabolites, 6000 drugs and drug metabolites, 70,000 food constituents and 3000 toxins and contaminants.{{Cite journal |last1=Wishart |first1=David S |last2=Guo |first2=AnChi |last3=Oler |first3=Eponine |last4=Wang |first4=Fei |last5=Anjum |first5=Afia |last6=Peters |first6=Harrison |last7=Dizon |first7=Raynard |last8=Sayeeda |first8=Zinat |last9=Tian |first9=Siyang |last10=Lee |first10=Brian L |last11=Berjanskii |first11=Mark |date=2022-01-07 |title=HMDB 5.0: the Human Metabolome Database for 2022 |url=https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/50/D1/D622/6431815 |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |language=en |volume=50 |issue=D1 |pages=D622–D631 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkab1062 |issn=0305-1048 |pmc=8728138 |pmid=34986597}}{{Cite journal |last1=Law |first1=Vivian |last2=Knox |first2=Craig |last3=Djoumbou |first3=Yannick |last4=Jewison |first4=Tim |last5=Guo |first5=An Chi |last6=Liu |first6=Yifeng |last7=Maciejewski |first7=Adam |last8=Arndt |first8=David |last9=Wilson |first9=Michael |last10=Neveu |first10=Vanessa |last11=Tang |first11=Alexandra |date=January 2014 |title=DrugBank 4.0: shedding new light on drug metabolism |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |language=en |volume=42 |issue=D1 |pages=D1091–D1097 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkt1068 |issn=0305-1048 |pmc=3965102 |pmid=24203711}}{{Cite journal |last1=Scalbert |first1=Augustin |last2=Andres-Lacueva |first2=Cristina |last3=Arita |first3=Masanori |last4=Kroon |first4=Paul |last5=Manach |first5=Claudine |last6=Urpi-Sarda |first6=Mireia |last7=Wishart |first7=David |date=2011-05-11 |title=Databases on Food Phytochemicals and Their Health-Promoting Effects |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf200591d |journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry |language=en |volume=59 |issue=9 |pages=4331–4348 |doi=10.1021/jf200591d |pmid=21438636 |issn=0021-8561|url-access=subscription }} This information, along with many tools to facilitate metabolite identification and interpretation, have been archived in several publicly available databases created by the Wishart lab. These include the [https://hmdb.ca/ Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)], which contains data on human metabolites and their structures, along with descriptions, NMR spectra and MS spectra.{{Cite journal |last1=Wishart |first1=David S |last2=Guo |first2=AnChi |last3=Oler |first3=Eponine |last4=Wang |first4=Fei |last5=Anjum |first5=Afia |last6=Peters |first6=Harrison |last7=Dizon |first7=Raynard |last8=Sayeeda |first8=Zinat |last9=Tian |first9=Siyang |last10=Lee |first10=Brian L|last11=Berjanskii |first11=Mark |date=2022-01-07 |title=HMDB 5.0: the Human Metabolome Database for 2022 |url=https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/50/D1/D622/6431815 |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |language=en |volume=50 |issue=D1 |pages=D622–D631 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkab1062 |issn=0305-1048 |pmc=8728138 |pmid=34986597}} Another resource developed from the project is DrugBank, a database of all known, approved drugs and their target molecules. Other databases developed by the Wishart lab include FooDB, a database of food constituents and food additives; and T3DB,{{Cite journal |last1=Wishart |first1=David |last2=Arndt |first2=David |last3=Pon |first3=Allison |last4=Sajed |first4=Tanvir |last5=Guo |first5=An Chi |last6=Djoumbou |first6=Yannick |last7=Knox |first7=Craig |last8=Wilson |first8=Michael |last9=Liang |first9=Yongjie |last10=Grant |first10=Jason |last11=Liu |first11=Yifeng |date=2015-01-28 |title=T3DB: the toxic exposome database |url=http://academic.oup.com/nar/article/43/D1/D928/2435303/T3DB-the-toxic-exposome-database |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |language=en |volume=43 |issue=D1 |pages=D928–D934 |doi=10.1093/nar/gku1004 |issn=1362-4962 |pmc=4383875 |pmid=25378312}} a database of toxic compounds and contaminants as well as their toxicological effects.

In 2011, Wishart founded The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC) and served as its first director (2011-2019).{{Cite web|url=https://metabolomicscentre.ca/|title=Home|website=The Metabolomics Innovation Centre}} Wishart's laboratory within TMIC houses over $8 million in modern LC-MS, GC-MS and NMR equipment. His lab routinely processes more than 20,000 samples each year. Using this wide array of equipment, Wishart helped develop a number of quantitative metabolomics techniques for NMR {{Citation |last1=Lipfert |first1=Matthias |title=Automated Tools for the Analysis of 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR Spectra |date=2019 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4939-9690-2_24 |work=NMR-Based Metabolomics |volume=2037 |pages=429–449 |editor-last=Gowda |editor-first=G. A. Nagana |place=New York, NY |publisher=Springer New York |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4939-9690-2_24 |isbn=978-1-4939-9689-6 |access-date=2022-04-08 |last2=Rout |first2=Manoj Kumar |last3=Berjanskii |first3=Mark |last4=Wishart |first4=David S. |series=Methods in Molecular Biology |pmid=31463859 |s2cid=201665386 |editor2-last=Raftery |editor2-first=Daniel|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Ravanbakhsh |first1=Siamak |last2=Liu |first2=Philip |last3=Bjordahl |first3=Trent C. |last4=Mandal |first4=Rupasri |last5=Grant |first5=Jason R. |last6=Wilson |first6=Michael |last7=Eisner |first7=Roman |last8=Sinelnikov |first8=Igor |last9=Hu |first9=Xiaoyu |last10=Luchinat |first10=Claudio |last11=Greiner |first11=Russell |date=2015-05-27 |editor-last=Monleon |editor-first=Daniel |title=Accurate, Fully-Automated NMR Spectral Profiling for Metabolomics |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=e0124219 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0124219 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4446368 |pmid=26017271|arxiv=1409.1456 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1024219R |doi-access=free }} and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.{{Cite journal |last1=Zheng |first1=Jiamin |last2=Zhang |first2=Lun |last3=Johnson |first3=Mathew |last4=Mandal |first4=Rupasri |last5=Wishart |first5=David S. |date=2020-08-04 |title=Comprehensive Targeted Metabolomic Assay for Urine Analysis |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01682 |journal=Analytical Chemistry |language=en |volume=92 |issue=15 |pages=10627–10634 |doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01682 |pmid=32634308 |s2cid=220405141 |issn=0003-2700|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Zheng |first1=Jiamin |last2=Mandal |first2=Rupasri |last3=Wishart |first3=David S. |date=December 2018 |title=A sensitive, high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for measuring catecholamines in low volume serum |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003267018300862 |journal=Analytica Chimica Acta |language=en |volume=1037 |pages=159–167 |doi=10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.021|pmid=30292290 |bibcode=2018AcAC.1037..159Z |s2cid=52931501 |url-access=subscription }}  Using these methods, Wishart and his team have conducted comprehensive, quantitative metabolome analyses of human serum,{{Cite journal |last1=Psychogios |first1=Nikolaos |last2=Hau |first2=David D. |last3=Peng |first3=Jun |last4=Guo |first4=An Chi |last5=Mandal |first5=Rupasri |last6=Bouatra |first6=Souhaila |last7=Sinelnikov |first7=Igor |last8=Krishnamurthy |first8=Ramanarayan |last9=Eisner |first9=Roman |last10=Gautam |first10=Bijaya |last11=Young |first11=Nelson |date=2011-02-16 |editor-last=Flower |editor-first=Darren |title=The Human Serum Metabolome |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=e16957 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0016957 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3040193 |pmid=21359215|bibcode=2011PLoSO...616957P |doi-access=free }} urine,{{Cite journal |last1=Bouatra |first1=Souhaila |last2=Aziat |first2=Farid |last3=Mandal |first3=Rupasri |last4=Guo |first4=An Chi |last5=Wilson |first5=Michael R. |last6=Knox |first6=Craig |last7=Bjorndahl |first7=Trent C. |last8=Krishnamurthy |first8=Ramanarayan |last9=Saleem |first9=Fozia |last10=Liu |first10=Philip |last11=Dame |first11=Zerihun T. |date=2013-09-04 |editor-last=Dzeja |editor-first=Petras |title=The Human Urine Metabolome |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=e73076 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0073076 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3762851 |pmid=24023812|bibcode=2013PLoSO...873076B |doi-access=free }} saliva,{{Cite journal |last1=Dame |first1=Zerihun T. |last2=Aziat |first2=Farid |last3=Mandal |first3=Rupasri |last4=Krishnamurthy |first4=Ram |last5=Bouatra |first5=Souhaila |last6=Borzouie |first6=Shima |last7=Guo |first7=An Chi |last8=Sajed |first8=Tanvir |last9=Deng |first9=Lu |last10=Lin |first10=Hong |last11=Liu |first11=Philip |date=December 2015 |title=The human saliva metabolome |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5 |journal=Metabolomics |language=en |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=1864–1883 |doi=10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5 |s2cid=18794642 |issn=1573-3882|url-access=subscription }} cerebrospinal fluid {{Cite journal |last1=Mandal |first1=Rupasri |last2=Guo |first2=An Chi |last3=Chaudhary |first3=Kruti K |last4=Liu |first4=Philip |last5=Yallou |first5=Faizath S |last6=Dong |first6=Edison |last7=Aziat |first7=Farid |last8=Wishart |first8=David S |date=2012 |title=Multi-platform characterization of the human cerebrospinal fluid metabolome: a comprehensive and quantitative update |journal=Genome Medicine |language=en |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=38 |doi=10.1186/gm337 |pmid=22546835 |pmc=3446266 |issn=1756-994X |doi-access=free }} and feces.{{Cite journal |last1=Karu |first1=Naama |last2=Deng |first2=Lu |last3=Slae |first3=Mordechai |last4=Guo |first4=An Chi |last5=Sajed |first5=Tanvir |last6=Huynh |first6=Hien |last7=Wine |first7=Eytan |last8=Wishart |first8=David S. |date=November 2018 |title=A review on human fecal metabolomics: Methods, applications and the human fecal metabolome database |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003267018306354 |journal=Analytica Chimica Acta |language=en |volume=1030 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.031|pmid=30032758 |bibcode=2018AcAC.1030....1K |s2cid=51710218 |url-access=subscription }}

= Computational biology and open science =

Wishart has made all his lab's data resources, computer programs, algorithms and techniques publicly accessible. This open science/open access initiative has been aimed at providing tools and techniques to make biomolecular NMR, metabolomics, structural biology and a number of related techniques more accessible for all scientists. So far, this initiative has led Wishart's lab to develop and release more than 100 publicly accessible web servers and web-based databases,{{Cite web |title=Web Servers - Wishart Research Group |url=https://www.wishartlab.com/web_servers |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.wishartlab.com |language=en}} including NP-MRD{{Cite journal |last1=Wishart |first1=David S |last2=Sayeeda |first2=Zinat |last3=Budinski |first3=Zachary |last4=Guo |first4=AnChi |last5=Lee |first5=Brian L |last6=Berjanskii |first6=Mark |last7=Rout |first7=Manoj |last8=Peters |first8=Harrison |last9=Dizon |first9=Raynard |last10=Mah |first10=Robert |last11=Torres-Calzada |first11=Claudia |date=2022-01-07 |title=NP-MRD: the Natural Products Magnetic Resonance Database |url=https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/50/D1/D665/6430498 |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |language=en |volume=50 |issue=D1 |pages=D665–D677 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkab1052 |issn=0305-1048 |pmc=8728158 |pmid=34791429}} and CFM-ID.{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Fei |last2=Liigand |first2=Jaanus |last3=Tian |first3=Siyang |last4=Arndt |first4=David |last5=Greiner |first5=Russell |last6=Wishart |first6=David S. |date=2021-08-31 |title=CFM-ID 4.0: More Accurate ESI-MS/MS Spectral Prediction and Compound Identification |journal=Analytical Chemistry |language=en |volume=93 |issue=34 |pages=11692–11700 |doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01465 |pmid=34403256 |pmc=9064193 |s2cid=237197237 |issn=0003-2700}} To further his open-science efforts, Wishart co-founded several educational bioinformatics programs such as the Canadian Bioinformatics Workshops and has been actively involved in other international standardization and open-source initiatives to make computational biology resources more widely available and accessible.

Personal life

Wishart is married to Debby Waldman, a freelance writer and editor from Utica, New York. He has two children: Elizabeth, an epidemiologist; and Noah, a civil engineer. They all live and work in Edmonton, Alberta.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

References