Dawson Williams

{{Infobox scientist

| honorific_prefix = Sir

| name = Dawson Williams

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| image = Sir Dawson Williams by Byrne & Co albumen cabinet card, circa 1885.jpg

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| caption = Dawson Williams on a cabinet card, c. 1885.[https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw170270/Sir-Dawson-Williams?LinkID=mp06394&role=sit&rNo=1 Sir Dawson Williams.] National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 16 August 2018.

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1854|7|17}}

| birth_place = Ulleskelf, Yorkshire, England

| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1928|2|27|1854|7|17}}

| death_place = Bourne End, Buckinghamshire, England

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| resting_place = Little Marlow Cemetery, Marlow, Buckinghamshire

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| nationality = British

| fields = Paediatrics

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| alma_mater = University College London

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Sir Dawson Williams {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CBE|FRCP}} (17 July 1854 – 27 February 1928) was a British physician and the longest serving editor of the British Medical Journal (BMJ).

He gave up his medical practice to edit the BMJ and published influential studies into "mental healing" and bogus medications that exposed numerous preparations as "valueless" and containing only minute quantities of what was claimed. He retired in 1928 after thirty years of editorship.

Early life and education

Dawson Williams was born in Ulleskelf, Yorkshire, on 17 July 1854 to the reverend John Mack Williams, previously the rector of Burnby and of Irish and Welsh descent, and his wife Ellen Monsarrat, of Spanish and Huguenot descent. He was the eldest son of seven children, and educated at Pocklington Grammar School, subsequently going on to University College London (UCL) to study arts.{{Cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/4782|title=Munks Roll Details for Dawson (Sir) Williams|website=munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk|access-date=16 August 2018}}{{cite journal |title=Sir Dawson Williams, C.B.E., M.D., Hon. LL.D., D.Litt., D.Sc.; F.R.C.P. |journal=British Medical Journal |date=10 March 1928 |volume=1 |issue=3505 |pages=414–25 |pmid=20773742 |pmc=2455149 |doi=10.1136/bmj.1.3505.414 }}

He stayed on at UCL to study medicine, graduating in 1878, and then taking up junior posts at UCL, the Victoria Hospital for Children and the Brompton Hospital. At one time, he aspired to join the Indian Medical Service, but changed direction to paediatrics.

In 1882, he married Catherine (died 1917), daughter of the Scottish land-owner Robert Kirkpatrick-Howat, and they had one daughter.

Career

After ten years as physician to the East London Hospital for Children from 1884, Williams became full physician and then consultant.

He met his lifelong friend, Herbert R. Spencer at UCL, which consequently established a close tie between UCL and the BMJ. Spencer ultimately followed Williams to Harley Street, and Williams frequently published works by Spencer.{{Cite book|url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383587/1/412336.pdf|title=A Measure of the Élite: A History of Medical Practitioners in Harley Street, 1845–1914|last=Stokes|first=Michèle|publisher=University College London, PhD Thesis|pages=99}}

He wrote several articles including contributions to Clifford Allbutt’s System of Medicine, and in 1898, he published Medical Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. He was closely connected with the British Medical Journal throughout his career, being first a reporter, then principal sub-editor, and then assistant editor in 1895. He succeeded the editor, Ernest Hart, in 1898, following which he gave up much of his clinical practice, ultimately leaving it completely from 1902 to dedicate his whole time to the journal's editorship which he held for thirty years.

In 1904, Dawson commissioned Edward Harrison, a renowned pharmacist, to analyse the contents of a variety of proprietary drugs. The results, including the drug costs, were published in a series of articles that lasted until 1908, and exposed numerous medications as "valueless" and containing only minute quantities of what was claimed. Some of this work was reproduced in 1909 in Secret Remedies. What they Cost and What they Contain, which sold more than 60,000 copies within two years. A follow-up, More Secret Remedies (1912), was published but was less successful.{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pzn7BOnVKQcC&q=Dawson+Williams+bmj&pg=PA199|title=The Codification of Medical Morality: Historical and Philosophical Studies of the Formalization of Western Medical Morality in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Volume Two: Anglo-American Medical Ethics and Medical Jurisprudence in the Nineteenth Century|last=Bartrip|first=Peter|date=1995|publisher=Kluwer|isbn=978-0-7923-3528-3|editor-last=Baker|editor-first=Robert|location=Dordrecht|pages=199|language=en|chapter=9. Secret Remedies, Medical Ethics, and the Finances of the BMJ}}

Some of his other BMJ editorial activities included publishing a series of specially commissioned articles on "mental healing", where significant contributions came from eminent medical professionals including Clifford Allbutt, Henry Morris, H. T. Butlin, and William Osler.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5dElDgAAQBAJ&q=Dawson+Williams+bmj&pg=PA150|title=Psychoanalysis in Britain, 1893–1913: Histories and Historiography|last=Kuhn|first=Philip.|date=2017|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9781498505222|location=Lanham|pages=150|language=en}}

In 1917, he was succeeded as editor of the BMJ by Norman Gerald Horner, who had been his assistant.{{Cite journal|date=4 January 1947|title=Obituary- Norman Gerald Horner|url=https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC2052321&blobtype=pdf|journal=British Medical Journal|pages=19}}

Later life

In 1919, he received the CBE. In 1921 he was knighted and also awarded the gold medal of merit of the British Medical Association.

During the last two decades of his life he suffered from the after-effects of a car accident and later from bronchitis and heart failure. He died on 27 February 1928,[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-47002 Williams, Sir Dawson.] Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 18 August 2018. {{subscription required}} at his home near Bourne End, Buckinghamshire.{{Cite journal|date=3 March 1928|title=Death of Sir Dawson Williams|url= |journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=3504|pages=361|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.3504.361|issn=0007-1447|pmid=20773728|pmc=2455206}}