Del Bigtree
{{short description |American television producer and anti-vaccination activist}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Del Bigtree
| image = Del Bigtree by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| caption = Bigtree in 2024
| birth_name = Del Matthew Bigtree
| occupation = {{hlist|Television producer | film producer | activist}}
| years_active = 2003–present
| known_for = Anti-vaccination activism
| notable_works = Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe
| website = {{URL|thehighwire.com}}
}}
{{Alternative medical systems|fringe}}
Del Matthew Bigtree is an American television and film producer who is the CEO of the anti-vaccination group Informed Consent Action Network. He produced the film Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe, based on the discredited{{refn|{{cite web |url=http://briandeer.com/solved/gmc-charge-sheet.pdf |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 28 January 2010, Andrew Wakefield, John Walker-Smith & Simon Murch |access-date=January 6, 2011 |author=Deer, Brian |publisher=briandeer.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213133507/http://briandeer.com/solved/gmc-charge-sheet.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2010 |url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=The Editors Of The Lancet |title=Retraction – Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children |journal=The Lancet |volume=375 |issue=9713 |page=445 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20137807 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60175-4 |s2cid=26364726 |url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)60175-4/fulltext|url-access=subscription }}{{cite news|author=Boseley, Sarah|date=February 2, 2010|title=Lancet retracts 'utterly false' MMR paper|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/feb/02/lancet-retracts-mmr-paper|access-date=January 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204030845/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/feb/02/lancet-retracts-mmr-paper|archive-date=December 4, 2013}}}} opinions of Andrew Wakefield, and alleges an unsubstantiated connection between vaccines and autism. He served as communications director for Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s 2024 presidential campaign{{Cite web |last=Irwin |first=Lauren |date=2024-01-02 |title=Leading anti-vaccine activist joins RFK Jr. campaign as communications director |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4385564-leading-anti-vaccine-activist-joins-rfk-jr-campaign-as-communications-director/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240103211921/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4385564-leading-anti-vaccine-activist-joins-rfk-jr-campaign-as-communications-director/ |archive-date=2024-01-03 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}{{Cite magazine |last=Dickinson |first=Tim |date=2024-01-02 |title=Anti-Vaxxer All-Star Takes Charge of Kennedy Communications Shop |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/del-bigtree-robert-kennedy-jr-anti-vaxxer-communications-director-1234939153/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103212631/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/del-bigtree-robert-kennedy-jr-anti-vaxxer-communications-director-1234939153/ |archive-date=2024-01-03 |access-date=2024-01-03 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}} and subsequently took a leading role in two groups associated with Kennedy's political career.
His frequent public speaking engagements and an influx of funding in 2017 have made Bigtree, who has no medical training, one of the most prominent voices in the anti-vaccination movement.{{refn|{{Cite news|last=Kucinich|first=Jackie|date=April 12, 2019|title=How TV's 'The Doctors' Spawned the King of the Anti-Vaxxers|language=en|work=The Daily Beast|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/anti-vaxxer-del-bigtree-got-his-start-on-the-tv-show-the-doctors|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416060735/https://www.thedailybeast.com/anti-vaxxer-del-bigtree-got-his-start-on-the-tv-show-the-doctors|archive-date=April 16, 2019}}{{R|WPa}}{{Cite news |last=Goldhamer |first=Marisha |date=14 November 2022 |title=Covid-19 vaccination does not increase risk of RSV infection |work=AFP Fact Check |url=https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32NB2CM |access-date=30 May 2023}}{{Cite news |last=Mooney |first=Taylor |date=14 April 2020 |title=Anti-vaxxers spread fear about future coronavirus vaccine |work=CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anti-vaxxer-fear-coronavirus-vaccine/ |access-date=30 May 2023}}}} During the COVID-19 pandemic, Bigtree propagated conspiracy theories about the origin of the virus and COVID vaccines, and urged his audience to ignore the advice of health authorities.{{refn|{{R|lab}}{{R|Moon}}{{R|waver}}{{R|Law}}}}
Television producer
Bigtree grew up in Boulder, Colorado, the son of Jack Groverland, a minister at the Unity of Boulder Church. He attended the Vancouver Film School and eventually gained employment in the television industry.{{R|WPa}}{{R|boul}}
He briefly worked on Dr. Phil and was credited as a field producer for five episodes. After a gap of two years, he served on the production team of the medical talk show The Doctors for which he produced 30 episodes over five years, although he has no medical training.{{R|WPa}}{{R|portrait}}
It was while he was working on The Doctors that Bigtree learned of Andrew Wakefield's opposition to the MMR vaccine and his later-discredited claims that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) hid proof of a link between vaccines and autism. Wakefield was looking for help to produce a film based on his conspiracy theories. Bigtree decided he could assist and left the show to produce, write and appear in Wakefield's film.{{R|portrait}}
Anti-vaccination activism
Bigtree produced the film Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe, based on the discredited views of Andrew Wakefield on an alleged connection between vaccines and autism. The film debuted in 2016 and was widely panned by critics. The epidemiologist Ian Lipkin wrote that "as a documentary it misrepresents what science knows about autism, undermines public confidence in the safety and efficacy of vaccines, and attacks the integrity of legitimate scientists and public-health officials."{{R|WPa}}{{R|wsj}}
However, the film, its promotional bus tour, and funding from the Selz Foundation, quickly established Bigtree as an activist in the American anti-vaccination movement. He has since spoken at multiple anti-vaccine events in which he repeats false information about the risks of vaccines and alleges governments are engaged in a vast conspiracy to hide the truth.{{R|WPa}}{{R|CWeeks| p=1 | q=The change comes after The Globe and Mail reported that Del Bigtree, who spreads false information about what he describes as the dangers of vaccines and a vast government conspiracy to cover them up, was to appear at the Total Health Show in Toronto in April.}}{{R|Jez}}{{R|Ind}} His anti-vaccine advocacy has been described by medical professionals as fearmongering.{{R|WPa}}{{R|Gorski}}{{R|ArsT}}
When Bigtree developed an association with Wakefield, several states, including California, where Bigtree resided, had begun to consider legislation that would restrict the types of exemptions for which parents could apply to have their unvaccinated children attend schools. Bigtree strongly opposed such bills and has been criticized by the Anti-Defamation League and the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum for wearing a Star of David at an anti-vaccination event in an attempt to compare the treatment of those opposed to vaccination to the persecution of Jews.{{R|jta}}{{R|th}}{{R|jos}}{{R|Denton}} Often in collaboration with Wakefield and Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Bigtree still lobbies legislators to convince them to keep vaccination exemptions in place.{{R|poli}}
Bigtree is the chief executive of the anti-vaccination group Informed Consent Action Network (ICAN), for which he received a salary of $234,000 in 2023. Under his leadership, ICAN promotes the conspiracy theory that government officials collude with the pharmaceutical industry to cover up grievous harms from vaccines. Bigtree hosts a regular stream webcast in which he frequently repeats anti-vaccination messages. The webcast is produced by ICAN and often features Kennedy. Before it was shut down in 2020, the YouTube broadcast of The Highwire attracted 174,000 subscribers.{{R|WPa}}{{R|Ind}}{{R|HW}}{{R|NBC}}{{R|form990}}{{R|NBC22}}
In New York State, in 2019, Bigtree was a keynote speaker at several anti-vaccination events targeting the ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in Brooklyn and in Rockland County during a measles epidemic fueled by low vaccination rates.{{R|WPa}}{{R|ArsT}} Bigtree gave an anti-vaccine speech as headline speaker at a natural health products conference in Toronto in 2018, but a repeat performance was canceled in 2019 after The Globe and Mail started asking questions.{{R|CWeeks}}
=COVID-19 pandemic=
Like other anti-vaccination advocates, Bigtree adapted several of the more popular anti-vaccination themes to the COVID-19 pandemic, promoting distrust in expertise, misrepresenting research results, and encouraging the public to let the disease run its course.{{R|study}}
He used The Highwire webcast to propagate a number of conspiracy theories, such as one postulating that the virus responsible for COVID-19 had been made in a laboratory by the pharmaceutical industry. The weekly webcast quickly became a rallying point for anti-vaccination activists and conspiracy theorists early in the pandemic, according to Professor Dorit Reiss, who studies online COVID-19 disinformation.{{R|Rumble}} Going against the advice of health authorities, he advised his viewers to refuse the vaccine when it is developed and to make efforts to actually infect themselves with the virus,{{R|lab}}{{R|Law}}{{R|study}} favoring not so much herd immunity as natural selection, with weaker humans dying as the "sick get eaten by the wolves. That's how we've thrived."{{R|study}} He accused Anthony Fauci of leading a cabal of conspirators that wanted to vaccinate the whole world population under false pretenses.{{R|study}}
In July 2020, YouTube closed his account and channel for violation of its community standards against pandemic misinformation, and Facebook removed selected videos from Bigtree's account. As of June 2021, Bigtree's show The Highwire was still being distributed on Twitter.{{R|profit}} In August 2020, Bigtree announced that his videos were now distributed on Roku media players, despite the company's prohibition against content that is found to include "false, irrelevant or misleading information".{{R|Matters}}{{R|Matters2}} He also found a receptive audience on Rumble, a video-sharing platform that does not have anti-misinformation policies.{{R|Rumble}} The Highwire website itself is attracting some one million visitors per month, making it one of the most popular alternative websites.{{R|NBC22}}
Bigtree regularly speaks at events protesting vaccination and public health measures against the pandemic.{{Cite news |last=Porter |first=Tom |date=24 August 2021 |title=How a New York billionaire-funded anti-vax group is contributing to the vaccine hesitancy that's crippling the US recovery |work=Business Insider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ican-billionaire-funded-antivax-group-trump-fans-ties-2021-8 |url-status=live |access-date=13 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223021421/https://www.businessinsider.com/ican-billionaire-funded-antivax-group-trump-fans-ties-2021-8 |archive-date=23 February 2022}}{{R|KV22}} In October 2020, he speculated to an audience of anti-vaccination activists that the new COVID vaccines may cause diabetes, lupus, and other autoimmune diseases, although there is no evidence to support those claims.{{R|PB}} Bigtree spoke at the January 6, 2021, pro-Trump rally preceding the riot at the Capitol. He took this opportunity to attack federal health authorities and to contest the results of the 2020 presidential election. Other anti-vaccination activists were also present at this "Stop the Steal" rally, such as Ty and Charlene Bollinger.{{R|STS}}{{R|profit}} He was one of the main speakers at the Defeat the Mandates rally in Washington, D.C., on January 23, 2022, where he said doctors and journalists should be convicted in Nuremberg-like trials.{{Cite news|date=January 25, 2022|title=Robert Kennedy Jr: COVID-19 vaccine mandates worse than Holocaust|work=Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-694357|access-date=January 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130182034/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-694357|archive-date=January 30, 2022}}{{Cite news|last=Carless|first=Will|date=January 25, 2022|title=Far-right extremists look to bring vaccination opponents into their fold|work=USA Today|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/01/23/anti-vaccination-ideas-extremists/6599746001/|access-date=January 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130090623/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/01/23/anti-vaccination-ideas-extremists/6599746001/|archive-date=January 30, 2022}}{{Cite magazine|last=Bergengruen|first=Vera|date=January 26, 2022|title=How the Anti-Vax Movement Is Taking Over the Right|magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/6141699/anti-vaccine-mandate-movement-rally/|access-date=January 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130054328/https://time.com/6141699/anti-vaccine-mandate-movement-rally/|archive-date=January 30, 2022}}{{R|NewF}}
By 2023, Bigtree was calling for the imprisonment of public health officials and executives of pharmaceutical companies for favoring vaccination against COVID-19 over the use of ineffective drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin, alleging people have been murdered in order to further the agenda of sinister globalist interests.{{Cite news |last=Merlan |first=Anna |date=17 February 2023 |title=Anti-Vaxxers Think It's Time For Political and Legal Revenge |work=Vice News |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/anti-vaxxers-think-its-time-for-political-and-legal-revenge/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220114705/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvm993/anti-vaxxers-think-its-time-for-political-and-legal-revenge |archive-date=20 February 2023}}
Bigtree teamed up with Mikki Willis, the producer of the Plandemic conspiracy films, to exclusively stream the third Plandemic film on The Highwire.{{Cite web |last1=Sethi |first1=Pallavi |last2=Roy |first2=Shreyashi |last3=Smith |first3=Alexander |date=May 31, 2023 |title=The predictable polemic of 'Plandemic' |url=https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/article/plandemic-3-explained |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=Logically |language=en}}
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s presidential campaign and MAHA
Bigtree provided fundraising assistance for the Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign in 2023. Among other activities, he participated to an online event bringing together several prominent anti-vaccination activists, such as Mikki Willis, Sayer Ji, Charles Eisenstein, Sherri Tenpenny and Joe Mercola.{{Cite news |last=Zadrozny |first=Brandy |author-link=Brandy Zadrozny |date=19 June 2023 |title=The conspiracy candidate: What RFK Jr.'s anti-vaccine crusade could look like in the White House |work=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/rfk-jr-anti-vaccine-push-white-house-rcna89470 |url-status=live |access-date=12 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621103808/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/rfk-jr-anti-vaccine-push-white-house-rcna89470 |archive-date=21 June 2023}}{{Cite news |last=Merlan |first=Anna |date=28 June 2023 |title=Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Gives the Game Away |work=Vice News |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/robert-f-kennedy-jr-gives-the-game-away/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628141551/https://www.vice.com/en/article/7kxkxq/robert-f-kennedy-jr-gives-the-game-away |archive-date=28 June 2023}} Bigtree is the sole managing member of KFP Consulting LLC, a firm established in May 2023. In July, the Kennedy campaign had paid $13,500 to KFP;{{Cite news |last1=Kaczynski |first1=Andrew |last2=Steck |first2=Em |date=July 25, 2023 |title=RFK Jr.'s campaign filings show payments to a litany of Republicans and controversial activists, including some anti-vaxxers |work=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/25/politics/rfk-jr-campaign-filings-kfile/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726022856/https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/25/politics/rfk-jr-campaign-filings-kfile/index.html |archive-date=26 July 2023}} by the end of Kennedy's campaign in 2024, that amount had reached $350,000, even though Bigtree still took in a $234,000 paycheque from ICAN in 2023.{{Cite news |last=Zadrozny |first=Brandy |date=23 December 2024 |title=Anti-vaccine group with ties to RFK Jr. saw another windfall last year, records show |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/anti-vaccine-group-ican-del-bigtree-rfk-jr-nearly-doubled-revenue-rcna185214 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228025714/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/anti-vaccine-group-ican-del-bigtree-rfk-jr-nearly-doubled-revenue-rcna185214 |archive-date=28 December 2024 |access-date=30 December 2024 |work=NBC News}}
In early January 2024, Bigtree replaced Stefanie Spear as communications director for the campaign.{{Cite web |last=Irwin |first=Lauren |date=2024-01-02 |title=Leading anti-vaccine activist joins RFK Jr. campaign as communications director |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4385564-leading-anti-vaccine-activist-joins-rfk-jr-campaign-as-communications-director/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240103211921/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4385564-leading-anti-vaccine-activist-joins-rfk-jr-campaign-as-communications-director/ |archive-date=2024-01-03 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}{{Cite magazine |last=Dickinson |first=Tim |date=2024-01-02 |title=Anti-Vaxxer All-Star Takes Charge of Kennedy Communications Shop |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/del-bigtree-robert-kennedy-jr-anti-vaxxer-communications-director-1234939153/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103212631/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/del-bigtree-robert-kennedy-jr-anti-vaxxer-communications-director-1234939153/ |archive-date=2024-01-03 |access-date=2024-01-03 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}} With Kennedy dropping out of the presidential contest and endorsing Trump in late August 2024, Bigtree ended up leading two new organizations linked to both Trump including the Kennedy: MAHA Alliance, a political action committee, and the related nonprofit MAHA Action. "MAHA" refers to the slogan Make America Healthy Again, Kennedy's variation on the Trump campaign's Make America Great Again.{{Cite news |last=Zadrozny |first=Brandy |date=13 November 2024 |title=RFK Jr.'s anti-vaccine group lost $3 million last year |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/rfk-jr-childrens-health-defense-tax-revenue-loss-rcna179934 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125085637/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/rfk-jr-childrens-health-defense-tax-revenue-loss-rcna179934 |archive-date=25 November 2024 |access-date=1 December 2024 |work=NBC News}}
Filmography
| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year !Title !Director !Writer !Producer !Notes{{R|imdb}} |
| 2003
|Partners |{{yes}} |{{no}} |{{no}} |Video short |
| 2005
|Bitter Sweet |{{yes}} |{{yes}} |{{yes}} |TV movie. Also appears as an actor. |
| 2007
|Sex and Sensuality |{{yes}} |{{no}} |{{yes}} |Short film |
| 2007-2008
|{{yes}} |{{no}} |{{no}} |5 episodes, field producer |
| 2010-2015
|{{no}} |{{no}} |{{yes}} |30 episodes |
| 2016
|Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe |{{no}} |{{yes}} |{{yes}} |Anti-vaccination documentary |
See also
References
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Cite web|url=https://news.kgnu.org/2016/08/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe/|title=Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe|date=August 18, 2016|publisher=KGNU|access-date=July 2, 2019|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212519/https://news.kgnu.org/2016/08/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe/|url-status=dead}}
{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/meet-the-new-york-couple-donating-millions-to-the-anti-vax-movement/2019/06/18/9d791bcc-8e28-11e9-b08e-cfd89bd36d4e_story.html|title=Meet the New York couple donating millions to the anti-vax movement|last=Sun|first=Lena H.|date=June 19, 2019|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=June 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704230246/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/antivax-donation-new-york-couple-vaccine-a8970921.html|archive-date=July 4, 2019|url-status=live}}
{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/06/anti-vaxxers-continue-spreading-wild-conspiracy-theories-amid-measles-outbreak/|title=Measles cases hit 1,001 as anti-vaxxers hold another rally of disinformation|last=Mole|first=Beth|date=June 6, 2019|website=Ars Technica |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704230340/https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/06/anti-vaxxers-continue-spreading-wild-conspiracy-theories-amid-measles-outbreak/ |archive-date=July 4, 2019 |url-status=live|access-date=June 27, 2019 }}
{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-toronto-health-conference-cancels-appearance-by-anti-vaccine-activist/|title=Toronto health conference cancels appearance by anti-vaccine activist Del Bigtree|last=Weeks|first=Carly|date=February 7, 2019|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=June 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621103025/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-toronto-health-conference-cancels-appearance-by-anti-vaccine-activist/|archive-date=June 21, 2019|url-status=live}}
{{Cite web|url=https://jezebel.com/everything-i-learned-while-getting-kicked-out-of-americ-1834992879|title=Everything I Learned While Getting Kicked out of America's Biggest Anti-Vaccine Conference|last=Merlan|first=Maria|date=June 20, 2019|website=Jezebel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621104810/https://jezebel.com/everything-i-learned-while-getting-kicked-out-of-americ-1834992879|archive-date=June 21, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=June 21, 2019}}
{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1454011/|title=Del Matthew Bigtree|publisher=Internet Movie Database|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621114721/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1454011/|archive-date=June 21, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=June 21, 2019}}
{{Cite web|url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/deception-by-omission-del-bigtrees-ican-calls-the-studies-licensing-mmr-into-question/|title=Deception by omission: Del Bigtree's ICAN calls the studies licensing MMR into question|last=Gorski|first=David|author-link=David Gorski|date=May 6, 2019|website=Science-Based Medicine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621120734/https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/deception-by-omission-del-bigtrees-ican-calls-the-studies-licensing-mmr-into-question/|archive-date=June 21, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=June 21, 2019}}
{{Cite web|url=https://www.fatherly.com/love-money/del-bigtree-anti-vaccine-conspiracy-theory-parents/|title=Where Del Bigtree's Anti-Vaccine Conspiracy Theories Come From|last=Coleman|first=Patrick A.|date=April 30, 2019|publisher=Fatherly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621235807/https://www.fatherly.com/love-money/del-bigtree-anti-vaccine-conspiracy-theory-parents/|archive-date=June 21, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=June 21, 2019}}
{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/quick-reads/anti-vaccine-activists-are-using-a-holocaust-era-yellow-star-of-david-to-promote-their-cause|title=Anti-vaccine activists are using a Holocaust-era yellow Star of David to promote their cause|date=April 5, 2019|agency=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|access-date=June 28, 2019}}
{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/437821-adl-criticizes-anti-vaxxers-for-adopting-star-of-david-badge|title=ADL criticizes 'anti-vaxxers' for adopting Star of David badge|last=Mills Rodrigo|first=Chris|date=April 8, 2019|website=The Hill |access-date=June 28, 2019}}
{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/anti-vaxxers-using-holocaust-era-yellow-stars-to-promote-their-agenda/|title=US anti-vaxxers use Holocaust-era yellow stars to promote their agenda |last=Dolsten|first=Josefin|date=April 6, 2019|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=June 28, 2019}}
{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/27/anti-vaccine-republican-mainstream-1344955|title=How the anti-vaccine movement crept into the GOP mainstream|last=Allen|first=Arthur|date=May 27, 2019|website=Politico|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629210757/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/27/anti-vaccine-republican-mainstream-1344955|archive-date=June 29, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=June 28, 2019}}
{{Cite news|url=https://dentonrc.com/ap/national/us-measles-cases-surge-to-second-highest-level-in-nearly/article_69035153-142e-5723-b119-412f80de3ef9.html|title=US measles cases surge to second-highest level in nearly two decades|last=Sun|first=Lena H.|date=April 1, 2019|work=Denton Record-Chronicle|access-date=June 28, 2019}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bigtree, Del}}
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