Demographics of Texas

{{US Census population

| 1850 = 212592

| 1860 = 604215

| 1870 = 818579

| 1880 = 1591749

| 1890 = 2235527

| 1900 = 3048710

| 1910 = 3896542

| 1920 = 4663228

| 1930 = 5824715

| 1940 = 6414824

| 1950 = 7711194

| 1960 = 9579677

| 1970 = 11196730

| 1980 = 14229191

| 1990 = 16986510

| 2000 = 20851820

| 2010 = 25145561

| 2020 = 29145505

| estyear = 2023

| estimate = 30503301

| align-fn = center

| footnote = 1910–2020 census; 2023.{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}

}}

Texas is the second-largest U.S. state in population, after California.{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html | title=2020 Population and Housing State Data }} The state is also the most populous state in the South Central United States, and the most populous state in the South.[http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/cenpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt Population and Population Centers by State: 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222064931/http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/cenpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt |date=February 22, 2015 }}. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 5, 2017. Texas' population growth between 2000 and 2010 represents the highest population increase, by number of people, for any U.S. state during this time period.

At the 2020 United States census it was reported that Texas had a resident population of 29,145,505, a 15.9% increase since the 2010 U.S. census. Its apportioned population in 2020 was 29,183,290. At the 2010 census, Texas had a population of 25.1 million—an increase of 4.3 million since the year 2000, involving an increase in population in all three subcategories of population growth: natural increase (births minus deaths), net immigration, and net migration. Texas added almost 4 million people between the 2010 and 2020 census'.{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/texas-population-change-between-census-decade.html | title=Texas Added Almost 4 Million People in Last Decade }}

Increasing by 470,708 people since July 2021, Texas was the largest-gaining state in the nation, reaching a total population of 30,029,572.{{Cite web |title=Data |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data.html |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Census.gov}} By crossing the 30-million-population threshold, Texas joins California as the only states with a resident population above 30 million as of 2023. Growth in Texas was fueled by gains from all three components: net domestic migration (230,961), net international migration (118,614), and natural increase (118,159).{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022/2022-population-estimates.html | title=Growth in U.S. Population Shows Early Indication of Recovery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic }}

As of 2012, the state had an estimated 4.1 million foreign-born residents, constituting approximately 15% of the state population at the time.{{cite web|title=United States Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov |work=2008–2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates |access-date=February 28, 2014 }} An estimated 1.7 million people were undocumented immigrants in 2014.{{cite web|title=Pew Research Center|date=September 23, 2013 |url=http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/09/23/3-state-patterns/|access-date=February 28, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221145059/http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/09/23/3-state-patterns/|archive-date=2014-02-21}} The undocumented population of Texas decreased to an estimated 1,597,000 at the 2016 American Community Survey. Of the undocumented immigrant population, 960,000 have resided in Texas from less than 5 up to 14 years. An estimated 637,000 lived in Texas from 15 to 19 and 20 years or more. The undocumented immigrant population rebounded to 1,730,000 in 2018.{{Cite web|title=Profile of the Unauthorized Population – TX|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/unauthorized-immigrant-population/state/TX|access-date=2021-04-27|website=migrationpolicy.org|language=en}}

The center of population of Texas is located at {{Coord|30.905244|N|97.365594|W|display=inline}} in Bell County, in the town of Holland.

{{See also|History of Mexican Americans in Texas|History of African Americans in Texas|History of Chinese Americans in Texas|Hispanics and Latinos in Texas|Czech Texans|German Texan|Japanese in Texas

}}

File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Texas.png

In 2021, 40.2% of the population was Hispanic and Latino American of any race, 39.3% non-Hispanic white, 11.6% Black or African American, 1.5% American Indian or Alaska Native, 5.1% Asian, 0.2% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.4% some other race, and 3.1% two or more races.{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0400000US48&y=2021&d=ACS%201-Year%20Estimates%20Selected%20Population%20Profiles&tid=ACSSPP1Y2021.S0201|title=Selected Population Profiles - Texas|website=census.gov|access-date=September 27, 2022}} At the 2020 census, the racial and ethnic composition of the state was 42.5% white (39.7% non-Hispanic white), 11.8% Black or African American, 5.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 13.6% some other race, 17.6% two or more races, and 39.3% Hispanic and Latin American of any race.{{cite web|date=August 12, 2021|title=Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/racial-and-ethnic-diversity-in-the-united-states-2010-and-2020-census.html|access-date=August 12, 2021|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}{{Cite web|date=August 13, 2021|title=Booming Texas population growth, demographic changes set stage for redistricting battle|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2021/08/12/north-texas-population-boom-continues-hispanics-outnumber-whites-in-dallas-census-data-show/|access-date=2021-08-19|website=Dallas News|language=en}}

In 2015 non-Hispanic whites made up 11,505,371 (41.9%) of the population, followed by Black Americans at 3,171,043 (11.5%); other races 1,793,580 (6.5%); and Hispanics and Latinos (of any race) 10,999,120 (40.0%).{{citation|title=Estimates of the Population by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity for July 1, 2015 for State of Texas. Texas Demographic Center, U.S. Bureau of the Census State Data Center Program|date=July 15, 2015|url=http://demographics.texas.gov/Resources/TPEPP/Estimates/2015/2015_ASRE_Estimate_alldata.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504234332/http://demographics.texas.gov/Resources/TPEPP/Estimates/2015/2015_ASRE_Estimate_alldata.pdf|access-date=June 8, 2017|archive-date=May 4, 2017|url-status=dead}} At the 2010 United States census, the racial composition of Texas was the following:{{cite web|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|title=American FactFinder—Results|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212055711/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1|archive-date=February 12, 2020|website=census.gov}} White American 70.4 percent, (Non-Hispanic whites 45.3 percent), Black or African American 11.8 percent, American Indian 0.7 percent, Asian 3.8 percent (1.0 percent Indian, 0.8 percent Vietnamese, 0.6 percent Chinese, 0.4 percent Filipino, 0.3 percent Korean, 0.1 percent Japanese, 0.6 percent other Asian), Pacific Islander 0.1 percent, some other race 10.5 percent, and two or more races 2.7 percent. In addition, 37.6 percent of the population was Hispanic or Latino (of any race) (31.6 percent Mexican, 0.9 percent Salvadoran, 0.5 percent Puerto Rican, 0.4 percent Honduran, 0.3 percent Guatemalan 0.3 percent Spaniard, 0.2 percent Colombian, 0.2 percent Cuban).{{cite web|date=October 5, 2010|title=US Census Bureau: Table QT-P10 Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_113_QTP10&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150125224414/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_113_QTP10&prodType=table|archive-date=January 25, 2015|access-date=August 2, 2014|publisher=Factfinder2.census.gov}} In 2011, 69.8% of the population of Texas younger than age{{nbsp}}1 were minorities (meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white).{{cite news|last=Exner|first=Rich|date=June 3, 2012|title=Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot|work=The Plain Dealer|url=http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html}}

File:Praha_texas.jpeg]]

Hispanics and Latinos are the largest ethnic group in Texas, outnumbering non-Hispanic European Americans as of 2021.{{Cite web |last=Ura |first=By Alexa |date=2022-09-15 |title=Hispanic Texans may now be the state’s largest demographic group, new census data shows |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2022/09/15/texas-demographics-census-2021/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en}} More than 11 million people claim Hispanic or Latin American ethnicity. This group forms over 37 percent of Texas's population. People of Mexican descent alone number over 9 million, and made up 31.7 percent of the population. The vast majority of the Hispanic/Latino population in the state is of Mexican descent, the next two largest groups are Salvadorans and Puerto Ricans. There are 385,716 Salvadorans and 269,448 Puerto Ricans in Texas.{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03001 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03001&geo_ids=04000US48&primary_geo_id=04000US48#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=censusreporter.org}} Other groups with large numbers in Texas include Hondurans, Guatemalans, Nicaraguans, and Cubans, among others.{{cite web |title=Texas—ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008 |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US48&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200211182407/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US48&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on |archive-date=February 11, 2020 |access-date=January 10, 2011 |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov}}{{cite web |title=Texas—Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2006–2008 |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US48&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200211182242/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US48&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false |archive-date=February 11, 2020 |access-date=January 10, 2011 |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov}} Historically, Hispanics in Texas were more likely than in some other states (such as California) to identify as white; according to the 2010 U.S. census, Texas was home to 6,304,207 White Hispanics and only 2,594,206 Hispanics of "some other race" (usually mestizo), compared to a majority of Hispanics identifying as "some other race" in California. However, self-identification among Hispanics has changed significantly from 2010 to 2020, partly due to changes in census methodology. According to the 2023 American Community Survey, only 2,740,386 Hispanics in Texas identified as White alone, while 9,035,783 Hispanics identified as "some other race" or "two or more races".{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=04000US48&primary_geo_id=04000US48#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=censusreporter.org}}

In 1980, German, Irish, and English Americans were the three largest European ancestry groups in Texas.{{Cite web|title=Ancestry Groups in Texas: 1980|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab03.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224233043/http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab03.pdf|archive-date=February 24, 2012|access-date=October 17, 2020|website=United States Census Bureau}} German Americans made up 11.3 percent of the population and numbered over 2.7 million members. Irish Americans made up 8.2 percent of the population and numbered over 1.9 million. There are roughly over 600,000 French Americans, 472,000 Italian Americans, 369,161 Scottish Americans, and 288,610 Polish Americans residing in Texas; these four ethnic groups made up 2.5 percent, 2.0 percent, 1.5 percent, and 1.0 percent of the population respectively. In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Texas was English with 3,083,323 Texans citing they were of English or mostly English ancestry, making them 27 percent of the state at the time. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies (the census of 1790 gives 48% of the population of English ancestry, together with 12% Scots and Scots-Irish, 4.5% other Irish, and 3% Welsh, for a total of 67.5% British and Irish; 13% were German, Swiss, Dutch, and French Huguenots; 19% were African American),Colin Bonwick, The American Revolution, 1991, p. 254 thus many of them today identify as "American" in ancestry, though they are of predominantly British stock.{{Cite journal|author1-link=Stanley Lieberson|author2-link=Mary C. Waters|last1=Lieberson|first1=Stanley|last2=Waters|first2=Mary C.|name-list-style=amp|year=1986|title=Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites|journal=Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science|volume=487|issue=79|pages=82–86|doi=10.1177/0002716286487001004|s2cid=60711423}}{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|title=Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America|title-link=Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-19-503794-4|location=New York|pages=633–639|author-link=David Hackett Fischer}} In 2012 there were nearly 200,000 Czech Americans living in Texas, the largest number of any state.{{cite web|title=Czech language|url=http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/file/Research/Languages/czech.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304193742/http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/file/Research/Languages/czech.pdf|archive-date=March 4, 2012|access-date=May 11, 2013|publisher=U.S. English}}

File:Emory-El_Paso.jpg was founded by Spanish settlers in 1659.]]African Americans are a racial minority in Texas. Their proportion of the population has declined since the early 20th century after many left the state in the Great Migration. Blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin made up 11.5 percent of the population in 2015; blacks of non-Hispanic origin formed 11.3 percent of the populace. African Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin numbered at roughly 2.7 million individuals, increasing in 2018 to 3,908,287.{{Cite web|title=American Community Survey 2018 Demographic and Housing Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Texas&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=false|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=data.census.gov}} The majority of the Black and African American population of Texas lives in the Greater Houston, Dallas–Fort Worth, San Antonio, Tyler and Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan areas.{{Cite web|date=January 15, 2018|title=How the Eastside Became Home to San Antonio's Black Community|url=https://sanantonioreport.org/how-the-eastside-became-home-to-san-antonios-black-community/|access-date=2020-12-14|website=San Antonio Report|language=en-US}}

Native Americans are a smaller minority in the state. Native Americans made up 0.5 percent of Texas's population and number over 118,000 individuals as of 2015.{{Cite web|title=American Community Survey 2015 Demographic and Housing Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Texas&tid=ACSDP1Y2015.DP05&hidePreview=false|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=data.census.gov}} Native Americans of non-Hispanic origin made up 0.3 percent of the population and number over 75,000 individuals. Cherokee made up 0.1 percent of the population, and numbered over 19,400. In contrast, only 583 identified as Chippewa.

Asian Americans are a sizable minority group in Texas. Americans of Asian descent formed 4.5 percent of the population in 2015. They total more than 1.2 million individuals. Over 200,000 Indian Americans make Texas their home. Texas is also home to more than 187,000 Vietnamese and 136,000 Chinese. In addition to 92,000 Filipinos and 62,000 Koreans, there are 18,000 Japanese Americans living in the state. Lastly, more than 111,000 people are of other Asian ancestry groups, such as Cambodian, Thai, and Hmong. Sugar Land, a city within the Houston metropolitan area, and Plano, within the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area, both have high concentrations of ethnic Chinese and Korean residents. The Houston and Dallas areas,{{Cite web|title=Vietnamese Community in Houston is Growing|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/vietnamese-community-in-houston-is-growing/3550905.html|access-date=February 16, 2021|website=VOA|date=October 23, 2016 |language=en}}{{Cite web|last=NPR|first=John Burnett|date=November 28, 2018|title=Decades After Clashing With The Klan, A Thriving Vietnamese Community In Texas|url=https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/2018/11/28/313247/decades-after-clashing-with-the-klan-a-thriving-vietnamese-community-in-texas/|access-date=February 16, 2021|website=Houston Public Media|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=December 20, 2012|title=Asian Culture and Community: Vietnamese community officially welcomes VietFace TV Texas|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2012/12/20/asian-culture-and-community-vietnamese-community-officially-welcomes-vietface-tv-texas/|access-date=February 16, 2021|website=Dallas News|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Top 10 metro areas by Vietnamese American population|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/chart/top-10-u-s-metropolitan-areas-by-vietnamese-population/|url-status=live|access-date=February 16, 2021|website=Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project|date=September 8, 2017 |language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220154003/https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/chart/top-10-u-s-metropolitan-areas-by-vietnamese-population/ |archive-date=2021-02-20 }} and to a lesser extent, the Austin metropolitan area,{{Cite web|last=Nguyen|first=Tuyet Hue|title=Nguyen: Supporting Austin's growing Vietnamese community|url=https://www.statesman.com/news/20160904/nguyen-supporting-austins-growing-vietnamese-community|access-date=February 16, 2021|website=Austin American-Statesman|language=en}} all contain substantial Vietnamese communities.

Americans with origins from the Pacific Islands are the smallest minority in Texas. According to the 2019 American Community Survey, only 21,484 Texans are Pacific Islanders.{{Cite web|title=American Community Survey 2019 Demographic and Housing Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Texas&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=false|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=data.census.gov}} The city of Euless, a suburb of Fort Worth, contains a sizable population of Tongan Americans, at nearly 900 people, over one percent of the city's population. Killeen has a sufficient population of Samoans and Guamanian,{{Cite web|title=Pacific island cultures come together to spread aloha in Killeen|url=https://kdhnews.com/news/local/pacific-island-cultures-come-together-to-spread-aloha-in-killeen/article_dd932a16-b0bc-11e9-9d0c-f74aab6bf68f.html|url-status=live|access-date=February 16, 2021|website=The Killeen Daily Herald|date=July 27, 2019 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728004618/http://kdhnews.com/news/local/pacific-island-cultures-come-together-to-spread-aloha-in-killeen/article_dd932a16-b0bc-11e9-9d0c-f74aab6bf68f.html |archive-date=2019-07-28 }} and people of Pacific Islander descent surpass one percent of the city's population.

Multiracial individuals are also a visible minority in Texas. People identifying as multiracial form 2.9 percent of the population, and number over 800,000 people. Over 80,000 Texans claim African and European heritage. People of European and American Indian ancestry number over 108,800. People of European and Asian ancestry number over 57,600. People of African and Native American ancestry were even smaller in number at 15,300.

File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-005007,_Zeichnung,_Deutscher_Einwandererzug_in_Texas.jpg]]

German descendants inhabit much of central and southeast-central Texas. Over one-third of Texas residents are of Hispanic origin; while many have recently arrived, some Tejanos have ancestors with multi-generational ties to 18th century Texas. The African American population in Texas is increasing due to the New Great Migration.{{cite report|url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-new-great-migration-black-americans-return-to-the-south-1965-2000/|title=The New Great Migration: Black Americans' Return to the South, 1965–2000|last=Frey|first=William H.|date=May 2004|publisher=The Brookings Institution|page=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080428042235/http://www.brookings.edu/urban/pubs/20040524_Frey.pdf|archive-date=April 28, 2008|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Texas|url=https://blackdemographics.com/states/texas/|access-date=April 17, 2021|website=BlackDemographics.com}} In addition to the descendants of the state's former slave population, many African American college graduates have come to the state for work recently in the New Great Migration. Since the early 21st century, the Asian population in Texas has grown—primarily in Houston and Dallas. Other communities with a significantly growing Asian American population is in Austin, Corpus Christi, San Antonio, and the Sharyland area next to McAllen, Texas. Three federally recognized Native American tribes reside in Texas: the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe, the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe, and the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo.{{cite Handbook of Texas|id=bzi04|title=Indians|first=George |last=Klos|date=June 15, 2010}} There are 29,000 Cherokee Nation citizens, the largest number of any state outside of Oklahoma. https://www.cherokeephoenix.org/news/cherokee-nation-unveils-new-demographic-maps-reflecting-tribal-citizenship-changes/article_07233cac-74ff-11ef-899f-03aeee096136.html

In 2010, 49% of all births were Hispanics; 35% were non-Hispanic whites; 11.5% were non-Hispanic blacks, and 4.3 percent were Asians/Pacific Islanders.{{cite news|last=Castillo|first=Juan|date=November 17, 2011|title=Hispanics make up nearly half of all Texas births in 2010, U.S. says|work=Austin American-Statesman|url=http://www.statesman.com/news/local/hispanics-make-up-nearly-half-of-all-texas-1977207.html|url-status=dead|access-date=November 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120175944/http://www.statesman.com/news/local/hispanics-make-up-nearly-half-of-all-texas-1977207.html|archive-date=November 20, 2011}} Based on U.S. Census Bureau data released in February 2011, for the first time in recent history, Texas's non-Hispanic white population is below 50% (45%) and Hispanics grew to 38%. Between 2000 and 2010, the total population growth by 20.6%, but Hispanics and Latin Americans growth by 65%, whereas non-Hispanic whites grew by only 4.2%.{{cite news|last=Jervis|first=Rick|date=February 23, 2011|title=Majority of Texas' population growth is Hispanic|work=USA Today|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/2011-02-17-texas-census_N.htm}} Texas has the fifth highest rate of teenage births in the nation and a plurality of these are to Hispanics or Latinos.{{cite web|title=Texas Adolescent Reproductive Health Facts|url=https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-health-topics/reproductive-health/states/tx.html|access-date=August 2, 2014|publisher=US Department of Health and Human Services|archive-date=August 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804102325/http://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-health-topics/reproductive-health/states/tx.html|url-status=dead}}

Romani Americans are present in Texas. In Texas, the two main Roma subgroups are Vlax and Romanichal. They mainly live in Houston and Fort Worth, though significant numbers of Romani families live in Dallas, San Antonio, Austin, and El Paso.{{cite web|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/roma-gypsies|title= Roma [Gypsies]|website=tshaonline.org}}

There is an Italian community in Texas.{{Cite web |last=Association |first=Texas State Historical |title=Italians |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/italians |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=Texas State Historical Association |language=en}}

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC){{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=Products - Monthly Vital Statistics Reports - Homepage |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/mvsr.htm |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}{{Cite web |title=US Vital Statistics Volumes 1900-1968 |url=https://www.nber.org/research/data/us-vital-statistics-volumes-1900-1968 |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=NBER |language=en}}

Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.

• Since 2016, data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

The most common American English accent spoken was Texan English, which is a mix of Southern American English and Western American English dialects. Louisiana Creole language is spoken mostly in Southeast Texas. Chicano English is also widely spoken, as well as African American Vernacular English, and General American English.

In 2010, 65.80% (14,740,304) of Texas residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 29.21% (6,543,702) spoke Spanish, 0.75% (168,886) Vietnamese, and Chinese (which includes Cantonese and Mandarin) was spoken as a main language by 0.56% (122,921) of the population over the age of five. Other languages spoken include German (including Texas German) by 0.33% (73,137,) Tagalog with 0.29% (73,137) speakers, and French (including Cajun French) was spoken by 0.25% (55,773) of Texans. In total, 34.20% (7,660,406) of Texas's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.{{cite web|url=http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |title=Texas |publisher=Modern Language Association |access-date=August 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815140430/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |archive-date=August 15, 2013 }}

The 2019 American Community Survey estimated 64.4% of the population spoke only English, and 35.6% spoke a language other than English.{{Cite web|title=American Community Survey 2019 Languages Spoken at Home Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Texas%20languages&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1601&hidePreview=false|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=data.census.gov}} Roughly 30% of the total population spoke Spanish. Approximately 50,742 Texans spoke French or a French-creole language. German and other West Germanic languages were spoken by 47,098 residents; Russian, Polish, and other Slavic languages by 27,956; Korean by 31,581; Chinese 22,616; Vietnamese 81,022; Tagalog 43,360; and Arabic by 26,281 Texans.{{Cite web|title=American Community Survey 2019 Detailed Household Language Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Texas%20languages&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B16002&hidePreview=false|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=data.census.gov}}

{{Pie chart

| thumb = right

| caption = Religion in Texas (2014){{cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/texas/|publisher=Pew Research Center|title=Adults in Texas}}

| label1=Protestantism

| value1=50

| color1=DodgerBlue

| label2=Catholicism

| value2=23

| color2=#d4213d

| label3=Mormonism

| value3=1

| color3=DeepSkyBlue

| label4 = Other Christians

| value4 = 3

| color4 = Pink

| label5=No religion

| value5=18

| color5=Honeydew

| label6=Judaism

| value6=1

| color6=Blue

| label7=Other religion

| value7=3

| color7=Orange

| label8=No response given/Unknown

| value8=1

| color8=Black

}}

The majority of Texas's population have been and remain predominantly Christian (75.5%). Influenced by Spanish Catholic and American Protestant missionary work.{{Cite web |title=TSHA {{!}} Religion |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/religion |access-date=February 16, 2021 |website=www.tshaonline.org}}{{Cite web |title=American Values Atlas |url=http://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/States/religion/m/US-TX |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=Public Religion Research Institute}} Texas's large Christian population is also influenced due to its location within the Bible Belt.{{Cite web |last=Bethancourt |first=Phillip |title=Rough Country: How Texas Became America's Most Powerful Bible-Belt State |url=https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/reviews/rough-country-texas/ |access-date=October 20, 2020 |website=The Gospel Coalition|date=June 16, 2017 }} The following largest groups were the irreligious (20%), Judaism (1%), Islam (1%), Buddhism (1%) and Hinduism, and other religions at less than 1 percent each.

{{bar box|title=Religious affiliation (2020)Public Religion Research Institute, [http://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/States/religion/m/US-TX "American Values Atlas (Texas)"]|titlebar=#ccf|background-color=#f8f9fa|float=right|bars={{bar percent|Christian|darkblue|75.5}}

{{bar percent|Catholic|mediumblue|28}}

{{bar percent|Protestant|mediumblue|47}}

{{bar percent|Other Christian|mediumblue|0.5}}

{{bar percent|Unaffiliated|purple|20}}

{{bar percent|Jewish|lightgreen|1}}

{{bar percent|Muslim|lightgreen|1}}

{{bar percent|Buddhist|lightgreen|1}}

{{bar percent|Other faiths|lightgreen|5}}}}

The largest Christian denomination as of 2014 has been the Catholic Church, per the Pew Research Center at 23% of the population, though Protestants altogether made up 50% of the Christian population in 2014;{{Cite web |title=Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics: Texas |url=https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/texas |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project}} in another study by the Public Religion Research Institute in 2020, the Catholic Church's membership increased to encompassing 28% of the population identifying with a religious or spiritual belief. At the 2020 Association of Religion Data Archives study, there were 5,905,142 Catholics in the state.{{Cite web |title=Maps and data files for 2020 {{!}} U.S. Religion Census {{!}} Religious Statistics & Demographics |url=https://www.usreligioncensus.org/index.php/node/1639 |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=U.S. Religion Census}} The largest Catholic jurisdictions in Texas are the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston—the first and oldest Latin Church diocese in Texas{{Cite web |title=Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston |url=https://www.archgh.org/backgroundinfo |access-date=March 3, 2022 |website=www.archgh.org |quote=The Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston...… serves 1.7 million-plus Catholics.… is the first and oldest diocese in Texas, established by Pope Pius IX in 1847, when Galveston was named the mother diocese of the Lone Star State.}}—the dioceses of Dallas, Fort Worth, and the Archdiocese of San Antonio.

Among Protestant Christians, which as a whole declined to 47% of the population in a separate study by the Public Religion Research Institute, predominantly-white Evangelical Protestantism declined to 14% of the Protestant Christian population. Mainline Protestants in contrast made up 15% of Protestant Texas. Hispanic or Latino American-dominated Protestant churches and historically Black or African American Protestantism grew to a collective 13% of the Protestant population.

In contrast, Evangelical Protestants altogether were 31% of the population at the Pew Research Center's 2014 study, and Baptists were the largest Evangelical tradition (14%); per the 2014 study, they made up the second largest Mainline Protestant group behind Methodists (4%). Nondenominational and interdenominational Christians were the second largest Evangelical group (7%) followed by Pentecostals (4%). The largest Evangelical Baptists in the state were the Southern Baptist Convention (9%) and independent Baptists (3%). The Assemblies of God made the largest Evangelical Pentecostal denomination in 2014. Among Mainline Protestants, the United Methodist Church was the largest denomination (4%) and the American Baptist Churches USA comprised the second largest Mainline Protestant group (2%).

According to the Pew Research Center in 2014, the largest historically African American Christian denominations were the National Baptist Convention (USA) and the Church of God in Christ. Black Methodists and other Christians made up less than 1 percent each of the Christian demographic. Other Christians made up 1 percent of the total Christian population, and the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox formed less than 1 percent of the statewide Christian populace. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is the largest nontrinitarian Christian group in Texas alongside the Jehovah's Witnesses.

The Association of Religion Data Archives in 2020 determined Southern Baptists numbered 3,319,962; non-denominational Protestants 2,405,786 (including Christian Churches and Churches of Christ, and the Churches of Christ altogether numbering 2,758,353); and United Methodists 938,399 as the most numerous Protestant groups in the state. Baptists altogether (Southern Baptists, American Baptist Associates, American Baptists, Full Gospel Baptists, General Baptists, Free Will Baptists, National Baptists, National Baptists of America, National Missionary Baptists, National Primitive Baptists, and Progressive National Baptists) numbered 3,837,306; Methodists within United Methodism, the AME, AME Zion, CME, and the Free Methodist Church numbered up 1,026,453 Texans.

In 2020, the same study numbered 425,038 Pentecostals spread among the Assemblies of God, Church of God (Cleveland), and Church of God in Christ. Nontrinitarian or Oneness Pentecostals numbered 7,042 among Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ, COOLJC, and the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World. Other Christians including the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox numbered 55,329 altogether, and Episcopalians numbered 134,318 although the Anglican Catholic Church, Anglican Church in America, Anglican Church in North America, Anglican Province of America, and Holy Catholic Church Anglican Rite had a collective presence in 114 churches.

Non-Christian faiths accounted for 4% of the religious population in 2014, and 5% in 2020 per the Pew Research Center and Public Religion Research Institute. Adherents of many other religions reside predominantly in the urban centers of Texas. Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism were tied as the second largest religion as of 2014 and 2020. In 2014, 18% of the state's population were religiously unaffiliated. Of the unaffiliated in 2014, an estimated 2% were atheists and 3% agnostic.

In 1990, the Islamic population was about 140,000 with more recent figures putting the current number of Muslims between 350,000 and 400,000 as of 2012.{{cite web |title=Texas Online: Muslim growth adds to Texas diversity |url=http://www.texanonline.net/special-reports/muslim-growth-adds-to-texas-diversity |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326150126/http://www.texanonline.net/special-reports/muslim-growth-adds-to-texas-diversity |archive-date=March 26, 2012 |access-date=May 7, 2012 |publisher=Texanonline.net}} The Association of Religion Data Archives estimated there were 313,209 Muslims as of 2020. Texas is the fifth-largest Muslim-populated state in the country.{{cite web |date=February 4, 2014 |title=Dallas Museum Lands a Rich Trove of Islamic Art |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/04/arts/design/dallas-museum-lands-a-rich-trove-of-islamic-art.html |access-date=February 25, 2016 |website=The New York Times}} The Jewish population was around 128,000 in 2008.{{cite book |author1=Storey, John Woodrow |title=Twentieth-century Texas: a social and cultural history |author2=Kelley |author3=Mary L. |publisher=University of North Texas Press |year=2008 |page=145}} In 2020, the Jewish population grew to over 176,000.{{Cite web |title=Jewish Population in the United States by State |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-population-in-the-united-states-by-state |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018050539/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-population-in-the-united-states-by-state |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}} According to ARDA's 2020 study, there were 43 Chabad synagogues; 17,513 Conservative Jews; 8,110 Orthodox Jews; and 31,378 Reform Jews. Around 146,000 adherents of religions such as Hinduism and Sikhism lived in Texas as of 2004.Lindsey, William D.; Silk, Mark: [https://books.google.com/books?id=NjdrZ4m_BK8C Religion and public life in the southern crossroads: showdown states], Altamira Press, 2004, p. 48 By 2020, there were 112,153 Hindus and 20 Sikh gurdwaras; 60,882 Texans adhered to Buddhism.

{{see also|List of cities in Texas|List of Texas metropolitan areas|List of cities in Texas by population|List of United States cities by population}}As of 2010, the state has three cities with populations exceeding one million: Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas.{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2006–01.csv |title=Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2006 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 |format=CSV |website=2005 Population Estimates |publisher=United States Census Bureau, Population Division |date=June 10, 2008 |access-date=June 10, 2008}} {{dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} These three rank among the 10 most populous cities of the United States. As of 2020, six Texas cities had populations greater than 600,000 people. Austin, Fort Worth, and El Paso are among the 20 largest U.S. cities. Texas has four metropolitan areas with populations greater than a million: {{nowrap|Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington}}, {{nowrap|Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown}}, {{nowrap|San Antonio–New Braunfels}}, and {{nowrap|Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos}}. The Dallas–Fort Worth and Houston metropolitan areas numbered about 7.5 million and 7 million residents as of 2019.{{Cite web|title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Totals: 2010–2019|url=https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=The United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US}}

Three interstate highways—I-35 to the west (Dallas–Fort Worth to San Antonio, with Austin in between), I-45 to the east (Dallas to Houston), and I-10 to the south (San Antonio to Houston) define the Texas Triangle megaregion. The region of {{convert|60000|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} contains most of the state's largest cities and metropolitan areas as well as 17 million people, nearly 75 percent of Texas's total population.{{cite web|last=Neuman |first=Michael |title=The Texas Urban Triangle: Framework for Future Growth |publisher=Southwest Region University Transportation Center (SWUTC) |url=http://swutc.tamu.edu/projectdescriptions/167166.htm |access-date=October 14, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705231054/https://swutc.tamu.edu/projectdescriptions/167166.htm |archive-date=July 5, 2009 }} Houston and Dallas have been recognized as beta world cities.{{cite web |title=GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2008 |website=Globalization and World Cities Research Network |access-date=March 1, 2009 |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html}} These cities are spread out amongst the state. Texas has 254 counties, which is more than any other state by 95 (Georgia).{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REtEXQNWq6MC&pg=PA215 |title=Historical Gazetteer of the United States|chapter=Georgia|first=Paul T.|last=Hellmann|date=February 14, 2006

|publisher=Routledge|access-date=February 16, 2017|isbn=978-1135948597}}

In contrast to the cities, unincorporated rural settlements known as colonias often lack basic infrastructure and are marked by poverty.{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.state.tx.us/border/colonias/faqs.shtml |title=Colonias FAQ's (Frequently Asked Questions) |access-date=October 12, 2008 |author=Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Office of Community Affairs |publisher=Texas Secretary of State |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009044415/http://www.sos.state.tx.us/border/colonias/faqs.shtml |archive-date=October 9, 2008 }} The office of the Texas Attorney General stated, in 2011, that Texas had about 2,294 colonias and estimates about 500,000 lived in the colonias. Hidalgo County, as of 2011, has the largest number of colonias.Grinberg, Emmanuella. "[http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/07/05/texas.colonias/index.html?hpt=hp_c1 Impoverished border town grows from shacks into community]". CNN. July 8, 2011. Retrieved on July 9, 2011. Texas has the largest number of people of all states, living in colonias.

{{Largest cities

| country = Texas

| stat_ref = 2021 U.S. Census Bureau Estimate{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2010-2019/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2019-ANNRES-48.xlsx |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Texas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 (SUB-IP-EST2019-ANNRES-48) |date=May 21, 2020 |publisher=United States Census Bureau, Population Division |access-date=December 23, 2022}}

| list_by_pop =

| div_name =

| div_link = Counties of Texas{{!}}County

| city_1 = Houston

| div_1 = Harris County, Texas{{!}}Harris

| pop_1 = 2,288,250

| img_1 = Aerial views of the Houston, Texas, skyline in 2014 LCCN2014632225.jpg

| city_2 = San Antonio

| div_2 = Bexar County, Texas{{!}}Bexar

| pop_2 = 1,451,853

| img_2 = SA Skyline 2020.jpg

| city_3 = Dallas

| div_3 = Dallas County, Texas{{!}}Dallas

| pop_3 = 1,288,457

| img_3 = View of Dallas from Reunion Tower August 2015 13.jpg

| city_4 = Austin, Texas{{!}}Austin

| div_4 = Travis County, Texas{{!}}Travis

| pop_4 = 964,177

| img_4 = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg

| city_5 = Fort Worth

| div_5 = Tarrant County, Texas{{!}}Tarrant

| pop_5 = 935,508

| img_5 =

| city_6 = El Paso

| div_6 = El Paso County, Texas{{!}}El Paso

| pop_6 = 678,415

| img_6 =

| city_7 = Arlington, Texas{{!}}Arlington

| div_7 = Tarrant County, Texas{{!}}Tarrant

| pop_7 = 392,786

| img_7 =

| city_8 = Corpus Christi, Texas{{!}}Corpus Christi

| div_8 = Nueces County, Texas{{!}}Nueces

| pop_8 = 317,773

| img_8 =

| city_9 = Plano, Texas{{!}}Plano

| div_9 = Collin County, Texas{{!}}Collin

| pop_9 = 288,253

| img_9 =

| city_10 = Lubbock, Texas{{!}}Lubbock

| div_10 = Lubbock County, Texas{{!}}Lubbock

| pop_10 = 260,993

| img_10 =

}}

{{Portal|Texas}}

• German Texan
• History of African-Americans in Texas
• History of Mexican-Americans in Texas
• Jewish history in Texas
• History of African Americans in Houston
• History of African Americans in Dallas-Ft. Worth
• History of African Americans in San Antonio
• History of Mexican Americans in Houston
• History of Mexican Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth
• Native American tribes in Texas

{{Reflist}}

• Kever, Jeannie. "[http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Census-finds-thousands-of-Californians-flocking-2270904.php Census finds thousands of Californians flocking to Texas]." Houston Chronicle. Tuesday November 15, 2011.
• Hlavaty, Craig. "[http://blog.chron.com/thetexican/2013/07/texas-the-land-of-davis-white-and-martinez/ Texas: The land of Davis, White, and Martinez]." ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140407030805/http://blog.chron.com/thetexican/2013/07/texas-the-land-of-davis-white-and-martinez/ Archive]) Houston Chronicle. July 16, 2013.

{{Texas}}

{{Demographics of US}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Texas}}

Texas