Dendrobium trilamellatum
{{Short description|Species of orchid}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Fragrant tea tree orchid
| image = Cepobaculum semifuscum flower.jpg
| display_parents = 3
| genus = Dendrobium
| species = trilamellatum
| authority = J.J.Sm.
| synonyms = {{species list
|Cepobaculum semifuscum |(Rchb.f.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
|Cepobaculum trilamellatum |(J.J.Sm.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
|Dendrobium johannis var. semifuscum |Rchb.f.
|Dendrobium semifuscum |(Rchb.f.) Lavarack & P.J.Cribb
}}
}}
Dendrobium trilamellatum, commonly known as the fragrant tea tree orchid or large tea tree orchid,{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|pages =382–383}} is a species of epiphytic orchid found in northern Australia and New Guinea. It has spindle-shaped pseudobulbs, between three and seven leathery, dark green leaves and between three and fifteen yellow, yellowish brown or brown flowers with a mauve to purple labellum.
Description
Dendrobium trilamellatum is an epiphytic herb with spindle-shaped, cane-like, green pseudobulbs {{convert|300-600|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|15-25|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide. There are between three and seven leathery, linear to lance-shaped, dark green leaves, {{convert|100-250|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|10-15|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide. Between three and fifteen pleasantly-scented flowers are borne on a flowering stem {{convert|300-500|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long. The flowers are yellow, yellowish brown or brown with darker stripes, {{convert|20-55|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|25-60|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide. The sepals and petals are strongly twisted, thick and shiny. The sepals are {{convert|20-30|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long, the dorsal sepal {{convert|4-7|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and the lateral sepal {{convert|7-9|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The petals are a similar length to the sepals but only about half as wide. The labellum is mauve to purple with a cream-coloured to yellow centre, {{convert|10-22|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|7-14|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and has three lobes. The side lobes are erect and middle lobe is arrowhead-shaped and curved with three ridges along its midline. Flowering occurs from July to November.{{cite web |author1=D.L.Jones |author2=T.Hopley |author3=S.M.Duffy |author1-link=David L. Jones (botanist) |year=2010 |access-date=28 May 2021 |url=http://www.canbr.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/RFKOrchids/key/rfkorchids/Media/Html/Cepobaculum_trilamellatum.htm |title=Factsheet - Cepobaculum trilamellatum |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government}}{{cite web |author1=D.L.Jones |author2=T.Hopley |author3=S.M.Duffy |author1-link=David L. Jones (botanist) |year=2010 |access-date=28 May 2021 |url=http://www.canbr.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/RFKOrchids/key/rfkorchids/Media/Html/Cepobaculum_semifuscum.htm |title=Factsheet - Cepobaculum semifuscum |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government}}{{cite web |title=Dendrobium trilamellatum |url=http://www.orchidsnewguinea.com/orchid-information/species/speciescode/2660 |publisher=Orchids of New Guinea |accessdate=30 November 2018}}Beasley, John. (2009). Plants of Cape York: The Compact Guide. John Beasley, Kuranda, Qld., Australia. {{ISBN|978-0-9806863-0-2}}.
Dendrobium trilamellatum has apparently been frequently confused with D. johannis. They are, however, easy to tell apart if flowering: D. trilamellatum flowers in the spring while D. johannis flowers in the autumn. The former has a delightful scent, while the latter smells unpleasant.Scarth-Johnson, Vera (2000). National Treasures: Flowering Plants of Cooktown and Northern Australia. Vera Scarth-Johnson Gallery Association Inc. Cooktown. {{ISBN|0-646-39726-5}} (pbk); {{ISBN|0-646-39725-7}}.
Taxonomy
Dendrobium trilamellatum was first formally described in 1908 by Johannes Jacobus Smith and the description was published in Nova Guinea : Résultats de l'expédition scientifique Néerlandaise à la Nouvelle-Guinée.{{cite web|title=Dendrobium trilamellatum|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/506472|publisher=APNI|accessdate=30 November 2018}} Smith noted "This species is closely related to D. johannis Rchb.f.".{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Johannes Jacobus |title=Die Orchideen von Niederlandisch Neu-Guinea in Nova Guinea : Résultats de l'expédition scientifique Néerlandaise à la Nouvelle-Guinée (Volume 8, Part 1) |date=1908 |location=Leiden |pages=69–70 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42443#page/89/mode/1up |accessdate=30 November 2018|publisher=E.J. Brill }}
In 2002, Mark Clements and David Jones included this orchid in the genus Cepobaculum as C. trilamellatum. They also raised Dendrobium johannis var. semifuscum, which had been described in 1883 by Reichenbach,{{cite web|title=Dendrobium johannis var. semifuscum|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/504667|publisher=APNI|accessdate=30 November 2018}} to species level as Cepobaculum semifuscum.{{cite web |title=Cepobaculum semifuscum |url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/175504 |website=id.biodiversity.org.au |publisher=Australian Plant Names Index |accessdate=2018-10-28}}Clements, M.A. & Jones, D.L. (2002), Nomenclatural changes in the Dendrobieae (Orchidaceae) 1: The Australasian Region. The Orchadian 13(11) The splitting of Dendrobium into numerous genera has not typically been accepted and both C. trilamellatum and C. semifuscum are regarded by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as synonyms of D. trilamellatum.{{cite journal |last1=Schuiteman |first1=André |title=Dendrobium (Orchidaceae): To split or not to split? |journal=Gardens' Bulletin Singapore |date=2011 |volume=63 |issue=1 & 2 |pages=245–257|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271766013}}{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=Peter B. |title=Systematics of Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae), with special reference to Australian taxa |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |date=June 2011 |volume=166 |issue=2 |pages=105–126 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01141.x|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Xiang |first1=Xiao-Guo |last2=Schuiteman |first2=André |last3=Li |first3=De-Zhu |last4=Huang |first4=Wei-Chang |last5=Chung |first5=Shih-Wen |last6=Li |first6=Jian-Wu |last7=Zhou |first7=Hai-Lang |last8=Jin |first8=Wei-Tao |last9=Lai |first9=Yang-Jun |last10=Li |first10=Zhen-Yu |last11=Jin |first11=Xiao-Hua |title=Molecular systematics of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae, Dendrobieae) from mainland Asia based on plastid and nuclear sequences |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=December 2013 |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=950–960 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.009|pmid=23811435 |bibcode=2013MolPE..69..950X }}
Distribution and habitat
The fragrant tea tree orchid grows on paperbark and rough-barked trees mainly in open forest, woodland. It is found on Cape York Peninsula from the Iron Range to Cooktown and the McIlwraith Range, on some Torres Strait Islands and on the coast of New Guinea.