Denny Substation

File:Denny Substation under construction, Feb. 2017.jpg

Historically, the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle, located to the north of downtown and east of the Seattle Center, was a manufacturing district whose electrical power was supplied by the Broad Street Substation.{{cite web |last=Fiset |first=Louis |date=April 9, 2001 |title=Seattle Neighborhoods: Cascade and South Lake Union — Thumbnail History |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/3178 |work=HistoryLink |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217054545/http://www.historylink.org/File/3178 |archive-date=February 17, 2017 }}{{cite news |last=Mulady |first=Kathy |date=April 28, 2005 |title=City in for big electrical bill as South Lake Union grows |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/City-in-for-big-electrical-bill-as-South-Lake-1172097.php |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202045619/http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/City-in-for-big-electrical-bill-as-South-Lake-1172097.php |archive-date=February 2, 2017 }} After the failure of the Seattle Commons plan in the 1990s, which proposed a large city park over the neighborhood, the land was opened for development by Paul Allen's Vulcan Real Estate, which envisioned it as a hub for biotech and high tech firms.{{cite news |last=Godden |first=Jean |date=April 1, 2013 |title=Where ya going, South Lake Union? |url=http://crosscut.com/2013/04/south-lake-union-development-amazon-vulcan/ |work=Crosscut.com |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307033728/https://crosscut.com/2013/04/south-lake-union-development-amazon-vulcan |archive-date=March 7, 2018 }} Vulcan and Seattle City Light began talks of collaborating to build a $160 million substation in Interbay or South Lake Union in 2003,{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Bob |last2=McOmber |first2=J. Martin |date=March 9, 2003 |title=Powering up South Lake Union: City Light plans $200 million in upgrades |page=B1 |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20030309/juice09m/powering-up-south-lake-union-city-light-plans-200-million-in-upgrades |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829082416/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20030309&slug=juice09m |archive-date=August 29, 2017 }} expecting the additional high tech firms to put a strain on the Broad Street substation and neighborhood lines laid in the early 2000s.{{cite news |last=Young |first=Bob |date=March 25, 2004 |title=Nickels will return $500 contribution from Vulcan |page=B1 |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20040325/vulcan25m/nickels-will-return-500-contribution-from-vulcan |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829081944/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20040325&slug=vulcan25m |archive-date=August 29, 2017 }}{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Bob |last2=McOmber |first2=J. Martin |date=February 12, 2004 |title=Underground lines at South Lake Union? It's a tangle of issues for city |page=B1 |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20040212/underground12m/underground-lines-at-south-lake-union-its-a-tangle-of-issues-for-city |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829082017/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20040212&slug=underground12m |archive-date=August 29, 2017 }} In 2005, Seattle City Light determined that adding capacity at the Broad Street substation through new transformer banks would be sufficient for the area's needs until the mid-2010s.{{cite news |last=Young |first=Bob |date=September 26, 2007 |title=City told to buy substation land now |page=B2 |url=http://old.seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2003903442_powergamble26m.html |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829082848/http://old.seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2003903442_powergamble26m.html |archive-date=August 29, 2017 }}

Seattle City Light proposed demolishing the Greyhound bus garage on Denny Way for its new substation in 2006,{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Brian |date=November 8, 2006 |title=Putting the Dog Down |url=http://www.seattleweekly.com/news/0645/greyhound.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124122745/http://www.seattleweekly.com/news/0645/greyhound.php |archive-date=January 24, 2007 |work=Seattle Weekly |access-date=February 27, 2017}} with consultants recommending that the city acquire the site for $40 million as soon as possible. The site was purchased by Seattle City Light in October 2008 and vacated by Greyhound in 2010.{{cite report |author=Aspect Consulting |date=July 8, 2010 |title=Former Greyhound Maintenance Facility – Groundwater Remediation Performance and Groundwater Monitoring Report: Third Quarter 2010 |url=https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/gsp/DocViewer.ashx?did=7771 |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307033727/https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/gsp/DocViewer.ashx?did=7771 |archive-date=March 7, 2018 }} From 2012 to 2014, Seattle City Light demolished the Greyhound facility and removed contaminated soils in preparation for construction.{{cite press release |date=January 24, 2014 |title=Environmental Cleanup Complete at Future Denny Substation Site |url=http://powerlines.seattle.gov/2014/01/24/environmental-cleanup-complete-at-future-denny-substation-site/ |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308014443/http://powerlines.seattle.gov/2014/01/24/environmental-cleanup-complete-at-future-denny-substation-site/ |archive-date=March 8, 2017 }}{{cite news |last=Hudak |first=Courtney |date=March 25, 2014 |title=City Light serves up South Lake Union art, electric |url=http://crosscut.com/2014/03/art-rising-denny-substation/ |work=Crosscut.com |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307033729/https://crosscut.com/2014/03/art-rising-denny-substation |archive-date=March 7, 2018 }} During the period between environmental cleanup and the start of construction, the vacant lot was used for a series of temporary public art installations collectively called All Rise.{{cite news |last=Romano |first=Tricia |date=October 24, 2014 |title=In a vacant lot on Denny, artistic endeavors flourish |page=B1 |url=http://old.seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2024856318_artlot23xml.html |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307033728/http://old.seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2024856318_artlot23xml.html |archive-date=March 7, 2018 }}

Final approval for the project was granted in August 2015 by the Seattle City Council, who also approved the substation's unconventional design incorporating public benefits in exchange for a street vacation.{{cite web |author=Seattle City Council |date=August 17, 2015 |title=Clerk File 314305 |url=http://seattle.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=2327632&GUID=F3533A11-6301-4C73-BC90-7DEDDC1A0D15 |publisher=Office of the City Clerk of Seattle |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226063739/http://seattle.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=2327632&GUID=F3533A11-6301-4C73-BC90-7DEDDC1A0D15 |archive-date=February 26, 2017 }} Walsh Construction was awarded the construction contract for the substation project, working alongside subcontractors Valley Electric, W.A. Chester and Transcon.{{cite news |date=January 15, 2016 |title=Walsh Group will start substation next month |url=http://www.djc.com/news/co/12085403.html |work=Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce |access-date=April 1, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402081233/http://www.djc.com/news/co/12085403.html |archive-date=April 2, 2017 }} Construction of the substation began in May 2016,{{cite web |title=Denny Substation Program |url=http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/default.asp |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313154144/http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/default.asp |archive-date=March 13, 2017 }} and by the end of the year, the first outer walls were erected.{{cite news |date=December 30, 2016 |title=Outer wall goes up for Denny Substation |url=http://www.djc.com/news/co/12096138.html |work=Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401232630/http://www.djc.com/news/co/12096138.html |archive-date=April 1, 2017 }} The substation's three transformers, each weighing {{convert|6.5|ST|kg}}, were installed in 2017.{{cite news |last=Minnick |first=Benjamin |date=March 6, 2018 |title=It's not just a facade: Huge angled walls screen new $208M Denny Substation |url=http://www.djc.com/news/co/12108971.html |work=Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce |url-access=subscription |access-date=March 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307033727/http://www.djc.com/news/co/12108971.html |archive-date=March 7, 2018 }}

The Denny Substation was energized in April 2018 and was formally opened in October,{{cite news |last=Kerr |first=Maggie |date=October 2018 |title=How the Denny Substation Will Help Supply Seattle's Growing Need for Power While Also Fueling Community |url=https://www.seattlemag.com/news-and-features/how-denny-substation-will-help-supply-seattles-growing-need-power-while-also |work=Seattle Magazine |access-date=November 23, 2018}} becoming the first new substation built by Seattle City Light in 30 years.{{cite web |title=Program Overview |url=http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/overview.asp |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308053221/http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/overview.asp |archive-date=March 8, 2017 }} Construction of the substation required long-term closures of a westbound lane on Denny Way and postponed the installation of a bus lane on the street.{{cite news |last=Lindblom |first=Mike |date=October 5, 2017 |title=Bus-only lane on Denny Way is postponed |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/bus-only-lane-on-denny-way-is-postponed/ |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=March 6, 2018}} A formal opening ceremony was held on July 20, 2019, with remarks from city leaders and events sponsored by local businesses.{{cite web |date=July 2019 |title=Denny Substation Program: Celebrate with City Light |url=https://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/ |publisher=Seattle City Light |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190721042604/https://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/ |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 20, 2019 }}{{cite news |last=Kerr |first=Maggie |date=December 2018 |title=Denny Substation Does More Than Just Send Power to Homes and Businesses |url=https://www.seattlebusinessmag.com/green/denny-substation-does-more-just-send-power-homes-and-businesses |work=Seattle Business Magazine |access-date=December 25, 2018}} The substation began supplying electricity later that year and is planned to be linked to another downtown substation after 2020.{{cite news |last=Beekman |first=Daniel |date=April 2, 2019 |title=High-priced substation built to fuel Seattle's high-tech hub |page=A1 |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/seattle-just-built-amazon-a-350-million-electrical-substation-and-network-with-a-dog-park/ |url-access=limited |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=April 2, 2019}}{{cite news |last=Schneider |first=Benjamin |date=August 2, 2019 |title=Meet Seattle's Snazzy New … Electrical Substation? |url=https://www.citylab.com/design/2019/08/seattle-denny-substation-electric-power-infrastructure-park/595324/ |work=CityLab |access-date=March 3, 2020}}

File:Denny Substation opening day (July 20, 2019) - 02.jpg

The Denny Substation features an unusual design that incorporates public spaces and community amenities into an otherwise utilitarian structure.{{cite magazine |last=Stinson |first=Liz |date=July 11, 2016 |title=We Want To Hang Out At This Electrical Substation. No, Really |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/07/want-hang-electrical-substation-no-really/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206010552/https://www.wired.com/2016/07/want-hang-electrical-substation-no-really/ |archive-date=December 6, 2016 }} The {{convert|110,000|sqft|sqm|abbr=on|adj=mid}} substation, designed by architectural firm NBBJ, is shaped in the form of an acute trapezoid, with its longest side facing Denny Way.{{cite web |title=Seattle City Light Denny Substation: Bold Design, Subtle Substation |url=http://www.nbbj.com/work/seattle-city-light-denny-substation/ |publisher=NBBJ |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307171652/http://www.nbbj.com/work/seattle-city-light-denny-substation/ |archive-date=March 7, 2017 }} The structure slopes inward, allowing for sunlight to reach the open spaces surrounding the substation.{{cite news |last=Sadick |first=Barbara |date=April 14, 2017 |title=A New Look for Urban Utility Structures |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-new-look-for-urban-utility-structures-1492178189 |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604185930/https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-new-look-for-urban-utility-structures-1492178189 |archive-date=June 4, 2017 }} The outer walls use {{convert|35|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} stainless steel panels ({{convert|16|ft|m}} above street level) with a {{convert|1/4|mi|km|adj=mid}} elevated pedestrian ramp to provide views of the cityscape and the substation's interior.{{cite web |title=Substation Design |url=http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/substationdesign.asp |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308053227/http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/substationdesign.asp |archive-date=March 8, 2017 }}

In exchange for a street vacation that eliminated a block of Pontius Avenue, the Denny Substation project is required to include public benefits.{{cite press release |date=March 29, 2016 |title=Denny Substation Work Begins April 4 with One-Block Closure of Pontius Avenue North |url=http://powerlines.seattle.gov/2016/03/29/denny-substation-work-begins-april-4-with-one-block-closure-of-pontius-avenue-north/ |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301093212/http://powerlines.seattle.gov/2016/03/29/denny-substation-work-begins-april-4-with-one-block-closure-of-pontius-avenue-north/ |archive-date=March 1, 2017 }} The substation has {{convert|44,000|sqft|sqm|abbr=on}} of open space located on its western side, including an off-leash area for dogs and public art.{{cite web |title=Denny Substation Project: Designing a One-of-a-Kind Substation |url=http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/docs/DSP_Brochure_11x17%20_withbleed_FINAL_reduced.pdf |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225161448/http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/docs/DSP_Brochure_11x17%20_withbleed_FINAL_reduced.pdf |archive-date=February 25, 2017 }} At the southeast corner of the facility is a community space with a gallery space, exhibit hall, a small theater, and an educational center known as the "Energy Inspiration Center".{{cite news |last=Fesler |first=Stephen |date=July 29, 2015 |title=Seattle City Light's Denny Substation |url=https://www.theurbanist.org/2015/07/29/seattle-city-lights-denny-substation/ |work=The Urbanist |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301092537/https://www.theurbanist.org/2015/07/29/seattle-city-lights-denny-substation/ |archive-date=March 1, 2017 }} A King County Metro bus stop on Denny Way will be integrated into the substation, with enhanced shelters and real-time arrival information.{{cite web |date=February 19, 2015 |title=Denny Substation 90% Design and Public Benefits |url=http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/cityplanning/designcommission/cs/groups/pan/@pan/@designcommission/documents/web_informational/p2239913.pdf |publisher=Seattle Design Commission |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301005022/http://www.seattle.gov/DPD/cityplanning/designcommission/cs/groups/pan/@pan/@designcommission/documents/web_informational/p2239913.pdf |archive-date=March 1, 2017 }} A sound art installation was placed in a nearby alley, projecting the noise of rushing water in reference to the hydroelectric facilities located around the region.

The substation has two major pieces of public art, as part of the municipal percent for art program. Transforest by Lead Pencil Studio is a {{convert|110|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} sculpture that combines the forms of an old-growth tree and a modern transmission tower. On the exterior walls of the substation house Ned Khan's Switchwall, consisting of a strip of colored lights that change based on wind flows.{{cite book |last=Rupp |first=James |year=2018 |title=Art in Seattle's Public Spaces |pages=241–243 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=9780295744087 |oclc=1031421566}}{{cite web |title=Artwork at the Denny Substation |url=https://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/library/designOpenHouse/BOARD_Artwork_at_Denny_Substation_FINAL.pdf |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228093114/http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/library/designOpenHouse/BOARD_Artwork_at_Denny_Substation_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=February 28, 2017 }}

Earlier design concepts featured a more standard substation with {{convert|40|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} walls, or incorporating the facility into the base of a high-rise building.{{cite news |last=Young |first=Bob |date=April 15, 2013 |title=High-voltage debate about cost of next City Light substation |page=B1 |url=http://old.seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2020782271_substationtowersxml.html |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301181836/http://old.seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2020782271_substationtowersxml.html |archive-date=March 1, 2017 }} The chosen design was described as a "a celebration of the functionality" and called the "coolest electrical substation ever" by Slate.{{cite news |last=Ferris |first=David |date=March 15, 2016 |title=An electrical substation to delight the senses |url=http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060034007 |work=E&E News |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180630/http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060034007 |archive-date=March 1, 2017 }}{{cite news |last=Hohenadel |first=Kristin |date=September 15, 2016 |title=Seattle Is Building the Coolest Electrical Substation Ever |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_eye/2016/09/15/denny_substation_in_seattle_is_an_electrical_substation_with_a_dog_park.html |work=Slate |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301094910/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_eye/2016/09/15/denny_substation_in_seattle_is_an_electrical_substation_with_a_dog_park.html |archive-date=March 1, 2017 }} Lead designer John Savo of NBBJ stated that they "[didn't] want it to be your grandfather's substation", desiring a facility that would "engage [with] the community, to make it an amenity and not a distraction".{{cite news |last=Dunne |first=Carey |date=October 7, 2014 |title=World's Coolest Electrical Substation Has A Track And A Dog Park |url=https://www.fastcodesign.com/3036664/worlds-coolest-electrical-substation-has-a-track-and-a-dog-park |work=FastCo.Design |access-date=February 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180657/https://www.fastcodesign.com/3036664/worlds-coolest-electrical-substation-has-a-track-and-a-dog-park |archive-date=March 1, 2017 }}

When first proposed in the 2000s, the substation project was estimated to cost up to $150 million because of space limits and mitigation. The price rose to $174 million by 2014 after integration of public benefits and open space, as well as the relocation of the Amazon headquarters to nearby Denny Triangle.{{cite news |date=November 19, 2014 |title=$174M substation designed to be a good neighbor in SLU |url=http://www.djc.com/news/ae/12072048.html |work=Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503130408/http://www.djc.com/news/ae/12072048.html |archive-date=May 3, 2016 }}{{cite news |last=Stiles |first=Marc |date=April 1, 2013 |title=Amazon's growth drives up cost of electrical substation by 48 percent |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/techflash/2013/04/amazons-growth-drives-up-cost-of.html |work=Puget Sound Business Journal |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307033727/https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/techflash/2013/04/amazons-growth-drives-up-cost-of.html |archive-date=March 7, 2018 }} After the completion of design work and environmental cleanup in 2015, the substation's cost was revised to $210 million because of unexpected soil contamination and the need for newer electrical equipment.{{cite news |date=July 17, 2015 |title=City to start construction in 2016 on $210M Denny Way substation |url=https://www.djc.com/news/co/12079748.html |work=Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919064417/http://www.djc.com/news/co/12079748.html |archive-date=September 19, 2015 }}{{cite press release |date=June 29, 2015 |title=Costs Rise for Future Denny Substation |url=http://powerlines.seattle.gov/2015/06/29/costs-rise-for-future-denny-substation/ |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307234228/http://powerlines.seattle.gov/2015/06/29/costs-rise-for-future-denny-substation/ |archive-date=March 7, 2017 }} The substation's construction costs are funded by Seattle City Light through regular rate increases for customers as part of their six-year Strategic Plan.{{cite web |title=Denny Substation Project FAQ |url=http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/docs/DSP_FAQ.pdf |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131084051/http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/docs/DSP_FAQ.pdf |archive-date=January 31, 2017 }}

The Denny Substation has an initial capacity of 50 Megavolt-ampere (MVA), and could increase to 405 MVA with future expansions.{{cite report |date=January 22, 2015 |title=Denny Substation Project Final Environmental Impact Statement |page=3{{hyphen}}3 |url=http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/docs/Denny_FEIS_January_22_2015.pdf |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217111811/http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/docs/Denny_FEIS_January_22_2015.pdf |archive-date=February 17, 2017 }} An underground distribution network directs electricity from the substation to the Denny Triangle and South Lake Union neighborhoods. The substation is planned to be connected to the Massachusetts Substation in SoDo via a 115-kilovolt (kV) transmission line through Downtown Seattle.{{cite web |title=Future Transmission |url=http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/future.asp |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308053249/http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/future.asp |archive-date=March 8, 2017 }}{{cite web |date=November 2015 |title=Denny Substation Project: Keeping Pace With Seattle's Power Needs |url=http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/docs/DSP_Brochure.pdf |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217175654/https://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/docs/DSP_Brochure.pdf |archive-date=February 17, 2017 }} The use of a gas-insulated switchgear in the Denny Substation allowed for a smaller footprint; the facility also uses solar cells to produce its electricity and a heat recovery system.{{cite web |date=June 6, 2013 |title=Seattle Design Commission Approved Meeting Minutes, June 6, 2013 |url=http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/cityplanning/designcommission/cs/groups/pan/@pan/@designcommission/documents/web_informational/s048710.pdf |publisher=Seattle Design Commission |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218102424/http://www.seattle.gov/DPD/cityplanning/designcommission/cs/groups/pan/@pan/@designcommission/documents/web_informational/s048710.pdf |archive-date=February 18, 2017 }}{{cite web |title=Denny Substation: A Look Inside |url=http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/docs/Substation_3D_graphic.pdf |publisher=Seattle City Light |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221051554/http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/docs/Substation_3D_graphic.pdf |archive-date=February 21, 2017 }} Outside consultants hired by the city government in 2018 later concluded that the overall demand in the Denny Triangle and South Lake Union area would rise to 60 megawatts by 2027, far below the 180-megawatt capacity that the substation was designed for.{{cite news |last=Kroman |first=David |date=April 19, 2019 |title=Seattle went big on its new $210M power station — but did it need to? |url=https://crosscut.com/2019/04/seattle-went-big-its-new-210m-power-station-did-it-need |work=Crosscut.com |access-date=April 22, 2019}}

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• {{official website|1=http://www.seattle.gov/light/dennysub/|2=Project website}}

{{South Lake Union, Seattle}}

Category:2018 establishments in Washington (state)

Category:Buildings and structures in South Lake Union, Seattle

Category:Electric power infrastructure in the United States

Category:Infrastructure completed in 2018

Category:Seattle City Light substations