Department of Health and Social Care#History

Like many others, the department with responsibility for the nation's health has had different names and has included other functions at different times.{{cite web | url=http://www.ndad.nationalarchives.gov.uk/AH/21/detail.html | title=Health Departments | publisher=The National Archives | work=ndad.nationalarchives.gov.uk | access-date=7 November 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061106183151/http://www.ndad.nationalarchives.gov.uk/AH/21/detail.html | archive-date=6 November 2006 | url-status=dead }}

In the 19th century, several bodies were formed for specific consultative duties and were dissolved when they were no longer required. There were two incarnations of a Board of Health, in 1805 and 1831, and from 1854 to 1858 a General Board of Health reported directly to the Privy Council. Responsibility for health issues was also in part vested in local health boards, which existed from 1848 to 1894. In 1871, the Local Government Board was created to supervise such local functions as health and sanitation and also took over the functions of the Poor Law Board, which was abolished. The Public Health Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 55) designated sanitary districts, which by the Local Government Act 1894 became rural and urban district councils. With the emergence of modern local government, some of its supervision was done by the Local Government Act Office, part of the Home Office.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

The Ministry of Health Act 1919 abolished the Local Government Board and transferred its powers and duties to a new department called the Ministry of Health, which consolidated under a single authority the medical and public health functions of central government. This took on the medical duties of the Board of Education, the duties of the Privy Council under the Midwives Acts, the powers of the Home Secretary in relation to the Children Act 1908 (8 Edw. 7. c. 67), and the duties of the Insurance Commissioners and the Welsh Insurance Commissioners. In the early part of the 20th century, medical assistance had been provided through these National Health Insurance Commissions. Most of the Local Government Board staff transferred to the new ministry.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

The co-ordination of local medical services was expanded in connection with emergency and wartime services, from 1935 to 1945, and these developments culminated in the establishment of the NHS in 1948.Paul Addison, "The Road to 1945", Jonathan Cape, 1975, pp. 178–81.{{cite journal |last1=Tony |first1=Delamothe |title=NHS at 60: Founding principles |journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) |date=2008 |volume=336 |issue=7655 |pages=1216–1218 |publisher=BMJ |doi=10.1136/bmj.39582.501192.94 |pmid=18511796 |pmc=2405823 }}

In 1968, the Ministry of Health was dissolved and its functions transferred (along with those of the similarly dissolved Ministry of Social Security) to the newly created Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS). Twenty years later, in 1988, these functions were split back into two government departments, forming the Department of Social Security (DSS) and the Department of Health, formally created in through The Transfer of Functions (Health and Social Security) Order 1988.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

It was only in April 2011 that the government committed to having a Director of Nursing in the Department of Health, ensuring that the nursing perspective would be incorporated into public health policy.{{Cite book |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c64d9e5274a7ee501aaa7/dh_125985.pdf |title=The Government's Response to the Recommendations in Front Line Care: The report of the Prime Minister's Commission on the Future of Nursing and Midwifery in England |date=2011 |publisher=DEpartment of Health (crown copyright)}}

Following the 2018 British cabinet reshuffle, the department was renamed the Department of Health and Social Care.{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/jeremy-hunt-new-job-theresa-11818996|title=Jeremy Hunt has got a new job in Theresa May's Cabinet reshuffle after an hour inside Number 10|author=Mikey Smith|date=8 January 2018|newspaper=Daily Mirror}}

The department's headquarters and ministerial offices are at 39 Victoria Street, London. The department moved from its previous location in Richmond House, Whitehall in November 2017. Its other principal offices are Skipton House (Elephant and Castle), Wellington House near Waterloo station and Quarry House in Leeds. Wellington House is now mainly occupied by staff from the department's arms-length bodies. New King's Beam House near Blackfriars Bridge was formerly a Department of Health office prior to the expiry of its lease in October 2011. Alexander Fleming House, Hannibal House and Eileen House {{cite news|title=43-storey housing tower planned for Newington Causeway |url=https://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/3779 |publisher=London SE1 News |date=7 March 2009 |accessdate=21 Apr 2021 }} (all in Elephant and Castle) were previously used by the department. The archives are at Nelson, Lancashire.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

The Department of Health and Social Care's ministers are as follows, with cabinet ministers in bold:

The permanent secretary at the Department of Health and Social Care is Samantha Jones, who was appointed in 2025.

Previous permanent secretaries:{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

• Dame Una O'Brien 2010–2016
• Sir Hugh Taylor KCB 2006–2010
• Sir Nigel Crisp KCB 2000–2006
• Sir Christopher Kelly KCB 1997–2000
• Sir Graham Hart KCB 1992–?
• Sir Christopher France GCB (DHSS including social security: 1987–1988, DH: 1987–1992)
• Sir Kenneth Stowe GCB CVO 1981–1987 (DHSS)

Following the resignation of Sir Nigel Crisp in March 2006, a separate post of Chief Executive of the National Health Service in England was created, held by Sir David Nicholson. Following the Health and Social Care Act 2012 and the creation of the independent NHS Commissioning Board, known as NHS England, this post has evolved into Chief Executive of the new organisation.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

The department has six chief professional officers who provide it with expert knowledge and also advise the Ministers, other government departments and the Prime Minister. The Chief Medical Officer and Chief Nursing Officer are also directors of the department's board.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

The department acts as a 'steward' for the health and adult social care system in England and oversees fifteen arms-length bodies (ALBs):

The department has two executive agencies:{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

• The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency has the specialist role of assessing, licensing and regulating medicines and medical devices for use in the United Kingdom.
• Until April 1, 2021, Public Health England was responsible for delivering public health improvement through prevention and awareness raising and protection. It was replaced by a new agency UK Health Security Agency since April 2021, and became fully operational in October 2021.

The department has thirteen executive non-departmental public bodies:{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

;United Kingdom

• The Human Tissue Authority regulates the use of human tissue in research and therapeutic treatments across the United Kingdom.
• The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, which regulates and inspects in vitro fertilisation, artificial insemination and the storage of human eggs, sperm or embryos. It also regulates human embryo research.

;England and Wales

• NHS Blood and Transplant, which is responsible for the supply of blood, organs, tissues and stem cells; their donation, storage and transportation.
• The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), which provides advice on treatment procedures and assesses healthcare interventions for cost-effectiveness.
• The NHS Business Services Authority provides business support services to NHS organisations, including the administration of the NHS pension scheme.

;England only

• The Care Quality Commission (CQC) has the primary function of inspecting providers of health and adult social care in England, ensuring that they meet essential standards of safety and quality.
• NHS Digital, which provides statistical information and informatics support to the health and care system in England.
• Health Education England is responsible for ensuring enough high-quality training is available to develop the healthcare workforce.
• NHS England oversees the NHS in England, commissions specialised healthcare services and primary care services and oversees clinical commissioning groups and as of 1 April 2019 (formalised in June 2022,){{cite web |title=NHS Improvement |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/nhs-improvement |website=www.gov.uk |date=9 November 2021 |access-date=26 August 2022}} oversees NHS trusts and foundation trusts in England, due to a merger with NHS Improvement which itself was only formed in April 2016 by combining:
• Monitor, which oversaw foundation trusts and applications from NHS trusts seeking foundation trust status. It also had the new role of examining pricing and competition in the NHS.
• The NHS Trust Development Authority had the function of helping NHS trusts achieve successful applications for foundation trust status.
• The Health Research Authority protects and promotes the interests of patients and the public in health research.
• NHS Resolution, handles negligence claims and helps the NHS learn lessons from claims to improve patient and staff safety.
• The NHS Counter Fraud Authority, tasked with leading the fight against NHS Fraud and corruption.

Quarry House: a DH building shared with the Department for Work and Pensions at [[Quarry Hill, Leeds (known locally as 'The Kremlin'{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}).|thumb|300px]]

The publication of Professor Lord Darzi's review of the NHS{{cite web |url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_085825?IdcService=GET_FILE&dID=168197&Rendition=Web |title=High Quality Health Care For All |format=PDF |date=30 June 2008 |author=Professor Lord Darzi KBE |publisher=The Department of Health |access-date=3 July 2008}} prompted criticism of the government and the Department of Health, claiming that it paved the way for user charging,{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jul/01/nhs.health1 |title=Lord Darzi's report paves the way for Labour to charge for NHS care | work=The Guardian |author=Allyson Pollock |access-date=3 July 2008 |date=1 July 2008 | location=London}} and so contradicting the NHS Plan 2000 which stated that "user charges are unfair and inequitable in they increase the proportion of funding from the unhealthy, old and poor compared with the healthy, young and wealthy".{{cite web |url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4002960 |title=The NHS Plan: a plan for investment, a plan for reform |publisher=The Department of Health |access-date=3 July 2008}} The report also introduces the concept of personal budgets.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

Darzi's report splits previously integrated services into 'core', 'additional' and 'enhanced' services, which critics say will lead to abandoning the open-ended duty of care on which the NHS was founded.

{{Update section|date=December 2020}}

Fatal outbreaks of antibiotic-resistant bacteria ("superbugs"), such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile, in NHS hospitals{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4324281.stm | title=Labour hails fall in MRSA cases | work=BBC News | date=7 March 2005 | access-date=28 February 2008 }} has led to criticism in 2008 of the department's decision to outsource cleaning via private finance initiative contracts as "cutting corners on cleaning".{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/02/05/nhygiene105.xml | title=NHS trust warned over hygiene breaches | publisher=The Telegraph | date=7 February 2008 |access-date=30 March 2008 | location=London}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

A "Deep Clean" initiative announced by the Department of Health was criticised by infection control experts and by the Lancet as a gimmick which failed to address the causes of in-hospital infections,{{cite journal |author1=The Lancet |title=The traditional white coat: goodbye, or au revoir? |journal=The Lancet |date=September 2007 |volume=370 |issue=9593 |pages=1102 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61487-1 |pmid=17905145 |s2cid=38143608 |doi-access=free }} by the firms doing the work as an attempt to avoid paying for regular better cleaning,{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7181837.stm |work=BBC News|title=Hospital deep cleaning under fire |access-date=30 March 2008 |date=14 January 2008 }} and by NHS managers as ineffective.

It also attracted criticism because only a quarter of the £60m funding for the scheme went to hospitals,{{Clarify|date=December 2020}} and because a number of hospitals missed the completion target,{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7319160.stm |work=BBC News |title=Hospital deep clean target missed |date=29 March 2008| access-date=30 March 2008 }} and as of June 2008 one in four NHS trusts was not meeting the government's standards on hygiene.{{cite news| work = BBC News| title = NHS trusts 'failing on hygiene'| access-date = 16 June 2008| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7453037.stm | date=15 June 2008}}

Its advice to primary care on prescribing drugs such as proton pump inhibitors has been criticised as wasteful.{{cite web |url=http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/bandopubs/RAMnhsfu/NHSfutur.html |title=Waste in the NHS: the problem, its size, and how we can tackle it |author=Andrew Moore |publisher=Balliol College, Oxford |date=6 October 2000 |access-date=26 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611194458/http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/Bandolier/bandopubs/RAMnhsfu/NHSfutur.html |archive-date=11 June 2008 |df=dmy-all }}

The DH has attracted criticism for its handling of the outcome of Modernising Medical Careers, in particular in the changes it made to the specialist training of doctors and the Medical Training Application Service (MTAS). These changes left "29,193 junior doctors from the UK and overseas... chasing 15,600 posts..."{{cite web | url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/society/health/johnson+recruitment+reform+bungled/625757 | title=Johnson: Recruitment reform bungled | publisher=Channel 4 News | date=25 July 2007 | access-date=2 September 2008}} and resulted in accusations that the DH had broken the law by refusing to reveal scores to candidates.{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1821521.ece |title=Health Department 'broke law over doctors' job test scores' |publisher=Times Online |access-date=26 March 2008 |date=22 May 2007 | location=London | first=Nigel | last=Hawkes}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Ultimately there was a judicial review and a boycott of the system by senior doctors across the country.{{cite news |work=BBC News |date=7 March 2007 |access-date=26 March 2008 |title=Review into doctor recruitment |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6423307.stm}} MTAS was eventually scrapped{{cite news |work=The Guardian |date=16 May 2007 |access-date=26 March 2008 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/may/16/politics.health |title=Hewitt backs down in junior doctor row |author=John Carvel | location=London}} and Patricia Hewitt, the then Secretary of State for Health, resigned{{Clarify|date=September 2008}} following accusations that she had lied to the House of Commons over the system.{{cite web |url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/society/health/hewitt+misled+commons+over+mtas/519657 |publisher=Channel 4 |title=Hewitt 'misled Commons' over MTAS |access-date=26 March 2008 |date=19 May 2007}} Even after the abolition of MTAS, anger among the medical profession continued, with the British Medical Association commenting of the DH response that "Not only is this response too late, it does not go far enough".

The official government inquiry into MMC recommended that the responsibility for medical training be removed from the DH.{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article3149316.ece |work=The Times |date=8 January 2008 |last=Hawkes |first=Nigel |title=Department of Health 'must be stripped of doctors' training role' |access-date=26 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726203301/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article3149316.ece |archive-date=26 July 2008| issn=0140-0460 |location=London}}

Successive DH ministerial teams have been criticised for repeated reorganisations of the NHS in England, where primary care commissioning responsibility, in particular, has been allocated to four different sets of organisations in the last ten years: PCGs,{{clarify|date=May 2012}} small area primary care trusts (PCTs) (e.g. covering a rural local authority district or part of a city), larger-area PCTs (e.g. covering a whole county), PCT clusters (e.g. quarter of London or South of Tyne and Wear) and the currently unspecified Clinical Commissioning Groups. The tendency to introduce each reorganisation before its predecessor has had time to settle down and generate improved performance has attracted censure amongst healthcare professions in the UK and beyond, including reference to the ironic concept of 'redisorganization'.{{cite journal |pmid=16319441 | doi=10.1177/014107680509801223 | pmc=1299350 | volume=98 | title=A surrealistic mega-analysis of redisorganization theories | date=December 2005 | journal=J R Soc Med | pages=563–8 |vauthors=Oxman AD, Sackett DL, Chalmers I, Prescott TE | issue=12 }}

Andrew Lansley's promise before the 2010 general election not to impose top-down reorganisation, followed by the instigation from ministerial level of one of the most fundamental NHS reorganisations yet envisaged, has generated especially widespread opprobrium, although some commentators have also suggested that this is to some extent completing the job started under the Blair administration. The NHS as of 1 April 2013 is no longer situated within the DH, as NHS England also went 'live' at the same time. Therefore, the DH has a further scrutiny role of NHS services and commissioning.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

In recent years the Department of Health{{cite web|url=http://www.cio.co.uk/cio100/department-of-health/4156/ |title=Department of Health's CIO Company Profile | CIO UK |publisher=Cio.co.uk |access-date=2017-12-04}} and the NHS have come under considerable scrutiny for its use of IT.{{cite web|last=King |first=Leo |url=http://www.cio.co.uk/news/3209439/tories-vow-nhs-it-and-management-is-number-one-priority/ |title=Tories vow NHS IT and management is 'number one priority' |publisher=Cio.co.uk |date=2010-01-04 |access-date=2017-12-04}} Since being elected to power in 1997 the Labour government had sought to modernise the NHS through the introduction of IT. Although the policy is correct in aim, many claim its execution is lacking.{{cite web|last=King |first=Leo |url=http://www.cio.co.uk/news/3208648/nhs-study-damns-electronic-patient-records-systems/ |title=NHS study damns electronic patient records systems |publisher=Cio.co.uk |date=2009-12-14 |access-date=2017-12-04}}

In September 2008 a new leadership team was established, CIO for Health, Christine Connelly, and director of programme and system delivery Martin Bellamy. Previous CIO Richard Granger was believed to have been the most highly paid civil servant in the UK and was a controversial figure.{{cite web|last=Knights |first=Miya |url=http://www.cio.co.uk/article/351/granger-the-final-word/?otc=44 |title=Technology high on transport review agenda |publisher=Cio.co.uk |date=2006-12-04 |access-date=2017-12-04}} Connelly left the DH for a position in the Cabinet Office in June 2009 and was replaced by Tim Donohoe and Carol Clarke.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Connelly's role was to "deliver the Department's overall information strategy and integrating leadership across the NHS", according to the DH's website. That strategy, known as the National Programme for IT,{{cite web|last=King |first=Leo |url=http://www.cio.co.uk/news/3208249/chancellor-threatens-future-of-nhs-it-programme/ |title=Chancellor threatens future of NHS IT programme |publisher=Cio.co.uk |date=2009-12-07 |access-date=2017-12-04}} is intended to do nothing less than revolutionise NHS information workflow and is costed at about £12.7bn. The success or otherwise of Connelly's reign will be based on her promise to end delays of electronic medical records. She has said that if there is not clear progress by November 2009, a new plan could be hatched.{{Update inline|date=December 2020}}

On the eve of the departure of Fujitsu as an outsourcing partner, Connelly said in April 2009 that she would open up sourcing to competition at "acute" sites in the south of England and offer toolkits by March 2010 to allow more local configuration of systems.{{cite web| url = http://www.intellectuk.org/blog/tag/christine-connelly/| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726182422/http://www.intellectuk.org/blog/tag/christine-connelly/| archive-date = 2011-07-26| title = Intellect Blog » Christine Connelly}}

In January 2009, MPs criticised DH for its confidentiality agreement with key supplier CSC and in March the department was admonished by the Information Commissioner for its records management. In May 2011, Prime Minister David Cameron announced that he was considering scrapping the project.{{cite web |url=http://www.silicon.com/technology/software/2011/05/13/nhs-patient-records-project-faces-axe-says-cameron-39747397/ |title=NHS patient records project faces axe, says Cameron | Software | silicon.com |access-date=2011-05-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518131703/http://www.silicon.com/technology/software/2011/05/13/nhs-patient-records-project-faces-axe-says-cameron-39747397/ |archive-date=18 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }}

In 2022 Sajid Javid launched the Plan for Digital Health and Social Care, which includes "regulatory levers" will be used to: "signal that digitisation is a priority, identify the non-negotiable standards of digital capability, [and] explain how we will monitor and support compliance". Integrated care systems will be required to put in place a joined-up health and social care record by March 2025 in which all clinical teams will have access to a complete view of a person's record that they can contribute to. In 2022 86% of trusts had "some form of electronic patient record" but only 45% of social care providers used a digital social care record, and 23% of care home staff cannot access the internet consistently. The NHS app is to be a "digital front door" for patients, with increasing functionality to be added and remote consultations with GPs are to be encouraged.{{cite news |title=Government plans new 'regulatory levers' to force pace of NHS's digital uptake |url=https://www.hsj.co.uk/technology-and-innovation/government-plans-new-regulatory-levers-to-force-pace-of-nhss-digital-uptake/7032714.article |access-date=26 August 2022 |publisher=Health Service Journal |date=30 June 2022}} £25 million is to be provided in 2022/23 to support the rapid digitisation of social care, including adopting Digital Social Care Records.{{cite news |title=Government provides £25m for rapid digitisation of social care |url=https://www.homecareinsight.co.uk/government-provides-25m-for-rapid-digitisation-of-social-care/ |access-date=26 August 2022 |publisher=Home Care Insight |date=13 June 2022}}

In response to Government spending reduction targets following the 2008 financial crisis and recession, DH in common with several other Government Departments resorted to large-scale{{Vague|date=December 2020}} staffing reductions.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} In order to minimise redundancy costs,{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} the predominant impact was upon DH staff not employed through a traditional civil service 'headcount' contract, with a resultant emphasised effect upon more recent or innovative work-streams dependent upon seconded or externally hosted staff. This has attracted criticism from several of the professional and patient communities of interest concerned, for instance as regards the impact upon Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT){{cite web |url=http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2011/02/02/116215/civil-service-cuts-put-mental-health-strategy-at-risk.htm |title=Civil service cuts put mental health strategy at risk – 2/2/2011 – Community Care |access-date=2011-09-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710054821/http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2011/02/02/116215/civil-service-cuts-put-mental-health-strategy-at-risk.htm |archive-date=10 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }} and the withdrawal of the practical assistance available to the NHS and local authorities via the national support teams.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

Most health policy in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland is devolved to the department's counterparts:{{cite web |last1=Shuttleworth |first1=Kelly |last2=Nicholson |first2=Elspeth |title=Devolution and the NHS |url=https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/devolution-and-nhs |website=Institute for Government |date=18 August 2020 |access-date=13 June 2024}}

• the Scottish Government Health and Wellbeing Directorate
• the Welsh Government
• the Department of Health, Northern Ireland Executive

The comparability factor (the proportion of spending in this area which is devolved) was 99.5% for all three countries for 2021/22.{{cite web|url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7386/CBP-7386.pdf|title=The Barnett Formula, House of Commons Library brief|website=parliament.uk}}

A number of health issues are, however, wholly or partly reserved to Westminster:

• regulation of the health professions
• xenotransplantation
• embryology, surrogacy and human genetics
• human fertilisation
• medicines, medical supplies and poisons

{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980046_en_14#sch5-pt2 |title=Scotland Act 1998, Schedule 5, Part II |publisher=Opsi.gov.uk |access-date=2022-05-09}}

• xenotransplantation
• surrogacy
• human fertilisation and embryology
• human genetics

{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980047_en_12#sch3 |title=Northern Ireland Act 1998, Schedule 3 |publisher=Opsi.gov.uk |date=1998-06-25 |access-date=2017-12-04}}

In Northern Ireland, abortion law is a criminal justice matter and is devolved.{{cite web|author=TheyWorkForYou |url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/?id=2009-07-13d.286452.h&s=abortion+speaker%3A10232#g286452.r0 |title=House of Commons, Written answers and statements |publisher=Theyworkforyou.com |date=2009-07-13 |access-date=2017-12-04}}

• regulation of the health professions
• abortion
• xenotransplantation
• embryology, surrogacy and human genetics
• medicines, medical supplies and poisons

{{cite web|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/32/schedule/7A/part/2/chapter |title=Government of Wales Act 2006, Schedule 7A, Part II |publisher=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=2022-04-29}}

• Government of the United Kingdom
• Budget of the United Kingdom
• Healthcare in the United Kingdom
• Health in the United Kingdom
• National Data Guardian for Health and Care in England

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website}}
• [https://mrc.epexio.com/records/MHW Catalogue of the Ministry of Health Departmental Whitley Council Staff Side archives], held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick.

{{Department of Health and Social Care}}

{{Departments of the United Kingdom Government|type=Ministerial}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Health in the United Kingdom

Health

United Kingdom

United Kingdom, Health

Category:1988 establishments in the United Kingdom