Deprescribing

The world’s first published use of the term “deprescribing” was described in 2003 by Michael Woodward in his article titled ‘Deprescribing: Achieving Better Health Outcomes for Older People through Reducing Medications.' It was published in the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia's flagship Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research (JPPR).’{{cite journal | vauthors = Woodward MC | title=Deprescribing: Achieving Better Health Outcomes for Older People through Reducing Medications | journal=Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research | publisher=Wiley | volume=33 | issue=4 | year=2003 | issn=1445-937X | doi=10.1002/jppr2003334323 | pages=323–328}}{{additional citation needed|date=November 2023}}

In 2024, the Maudsley Deprescribing Guidelines was published, the first comprehensive resource on safely stopping psychiatric medications.{{Cite book |last=Horowitz |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Maudsley_Deprescribing_Guidelines.html?id=WJLqEAAAQBAJ |title=The Maudsley Deprescribing Guidelines: Antidepressants, Benzodiazepines, Gabapentinoids and Z-drugs |last2=Taylor |first2=David M. |date=2024-02-12 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-82298-1 |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=14 April 2024 |title=BEYOND PILLS CAMPAIGN: Coming off dependence-forming drugs for mental health problems can ‘up end’ your life, say psychiatrist and pharmacist who have authored new guidelines for safe deprescribing |url=https://collegeofmedicine.org.uk/beyond-pills-campaign-dr-mark-horowitz-author-of-new-safe-deprescribing-guidelines-describes-his-own-experience-of-coming-off-antidepressants-saying-it-up-ended-his-life/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301120341/https://collegeofmedicine.org.uk/beyond-pills-campaign-dr-mark-horowitz-author-of-new-safe-deprescribing-guidelines-describes-his-own-experience-of-coming-off-antidepressants-saying-it-up-ended-his-life/ |archive-date=1 March 2025 |access-date=26 March 2025 |work=College of Medicine and Integrated Health}}

Older people are the heaviest users of medications and frequently take five or more medications (polypharmacy). Polypharmacy is associated with increased risks of adverse events, drug interactions, falls, hospitalization, cognitive deficits,{{Better source needed|date=January 2017}} and mortality.{{cite journal | vauthors = Bloomfield HE, Greer N, Linsky AM, Bolduc J, Naidl T, Vardeny O, MacDonald R, McKenzie L, Wilt TJ | title = Deprescribing for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | journal = Journal of General Internal Medicine | volume = 35 | issue = 11 | pages = 3323–3332 | date = November 2020 | pmid = 32820421 | pmc = 7661661 | doi = 10.1007/s11606-020-06089-2 }} These effects are particularly seen in high-risk prescribing.{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang K, Alan J, Page AT, Dimopoulos E, Etherton-Beer C | title = Anticholinergics and clinical outcomes amongst people with pre-existing dementia: A systematic review | journal = Maturitas | volume = 151 | pages = 1–14 | date = September 2021 | pmid = 34446273 | doi = 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.06.004 }} Thus, optimizing medication through targeted deprescribing is a vital part of managing chronic conditions, avoiding adverse effects and improving outcomes.

Deprescribing is considered a potential intervention with reported safety and feasibility.{{cite journal | vauthors = Page AT, Clifford RM, Potter K, Schwartz D, Etherton-Beer CD | title = The feasibility and effect of deprescribing in older adults on mortality and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 82 | issue = 3 | pages = 583–623 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 27077231 | pmc = 5338123 | doi = 10.1111/bcp.12975 }}{{Cite journal | vauthors = Page AT, Khalil H, Etherton-Beer C, Clifford R, Potter K |date=April 2014 |title=The efficacy of deprescribing interventions on health outcomes in people aged over 65 years: a systematic review protocol |url=http://journals.lww.com/01938924-201412040-00012 |journal=JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports |language=en |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=124–134 |doi=10.11124/jbisrir-2014-1394 |issn=2202-4433|doi-access=free }} For a wide range of medications, including diuretics, blood pressure medication, sedatives, antidepressants, benzodiazepines and nitrates, adverse effects of deprescribing are rare.{{cite journal | vauthors = Iyer S, Naganathan V, McLachlan AJ, Le Couteur DG | title = Medication withdrawal trials in people aged 65 years and older: a systematic review | journal = Drugs & Aging | volume = 25 | issue = 12 | pages = 1021–1031 | date = 2008 | pmid = 19021301 | doi = 10.2165/0002512-200825120-00004 | s2cid = 25414320 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Garfinkel D, Mangin D | title = Feasibility study of a systematic approach for discontinuation of multiple medications in older adults: addressing polypharmacy | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 170 | issue = 18 | pages = 1648–1654 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20937924 | doi = 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.355 | doi-access = free }} While deprescribing has been shown to result in fewer medications, it is less certain if deprescribing is associated with significant changes in health outcomes.{{cite journal | vauthors = Potter K, Flicker L, Page A, Etherton-Beer C | title = Deprescribing in Frail Older People: A Randomised Controlled Trial | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = e0149984 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 26942907 | pmc = 4778763 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0149984 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2016PLoSO..1149984P }} Although it might be possible and safe to reduce the number of medicines that people use, reversing the potential harms associated with polypharmacy may not always be achievable.{{Cite journal |last=Quek |first=Hui Wen |title=The effect of deprescribing interventions on mortality and health outcomes in older people: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.16200 |journal=British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology}} Early evidence suggested that deprescribing may reduce premature death, leading to calls to undertake a double-blind study. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was published in 2023. This study undertook deprescribing in people over 65 years living in residential aged care.{{cite journal | vauthors = Quek HW, Etherton-Beer C, Page A, McLachlan AJ, Lo SY, Naganathan V, Kearney L, Hilmer SN, Comans T, Mangin D, Lindley RI, Potter K | title = Deprescribing for older people living in residential aged care facilities: Pharmacist recommendations, doctor acceptance and implementation | journal = Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics | volume = 107 | pages = 104910 | date = April 2023 | pmid = 36565605 | doi = 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104910 }} It found no change in mortality{{cite journal | vauthors = Etherton-Beer C, Page A, Naganathan V, Potter K, Comans T, Hilmer SN, McLachlan AJ, Lindley RI, Mangin D | title = Deprescribing to optimise health outcomes for frail older people: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial-outcomes of the Opti-med study | journal = Age and Ageing | volume = 52 | issue = 5 | date = May 2023 | pmid = 37247404 | pmc = 10226731 | doi = 10.1093/ageing/afad081 }} and that, if implemented in all residential aged care facilities across Australia, it could save up to $16 million annually.{{cite journal | vauthors = Okafor CE, Keramat SA, Comans T, Page AT, Potter K, Hilmer SN, Lindley RI, Mangin D, Naganathan V, Etherton-Beer C | title = Cost-Consequence Analysis of Deprescribing to Optimize Health Outcomes for Frail Older People: A Within-Trial Analysis | journal = Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | volume = 25 | issue = 3 | pages = 539–544.e2 | date = March 2024 | pmid = 38307120 | doi = 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.12.016 }}

Deprescribing medications may improve patient function, generate a higher quality of life, and reduce bothersome signs and symptoms. Deprescribing has been shown to reduce the number of falls people experience but not to change the risk of having the first fall. Most health outcomes remain unchanged as an effect of deprescribing. The absence of a change has been viewed as a positive outcome, as the medications can often be safely withdrawn without altering health outcomes. This absence of an effect means that older people may not miss out on potentially beneficial effects of using medications due to deprescribing.

Targeted deprescribing can improve adherence to other drugs. Deprescribing can reduce the complexity of medication schedules. Complicated schedules are difficult for people to follow correctly.

The product information provided by drug companies provides much information on how to start medications and what to expect when using them. However, it provides little information on when and how to stop medications.{{Cite journal| vauthors = Page A, Clifford R, Potter K, Etherton-Beer C |date=2018|title=Informing deprescribing decisions in older people: does the Product Information contain advice on medication use for older people and medication withdrawal?|journal=Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research |volume=48|issue=2|pages=149–157|doi=10.1002/jppr.1362 |s2cid=79794144}} Research into deprescribing is accumulating, with two papers showing a rapid acceleration in using the word since 2015.

In people with multiple long-term conditions and polypharmacy, deprescribing represents a complex challenge as clinical guidelines are usually developed for single conditions. In these cases, tools and guidelines like the Beers Criteria and STOPP/START could be used safely by clinicians, but not all patients might benefit from stopping their medication. There is a need for clarity about how much clinicians can do beyond the guidelines and the responsibility they need to take could help them prescribing and deprescribing for complex cases. Further factors that can help clinicians tailor their decisions to the individual are: access to detailed data on the people in their care (including their backgrounds and personal medical goals), discussing plans to stop a medicine already when it is first prescribed, and a good relationship that involves mutual trust and regular discussions on progress. Furthermore, longer appointments for prescribing and deprescribing would allow time to explain the process, explore related concerns, and support making the right decisions.{{Cite journal |date=2023-05-18 |title=How to reduce medications for people with multiple long-term conditions |url=https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/how-to-safely-deprescribe-medications-for-people-with-multiple-long-term-conditions/ |journal=NIHR Evidence |type=Plain English summary |language=en |publisher=National Institute for Health and Care Research |doi=10.3310/nihrevidence_57904|s2cid=258801327 |url-access=subscription }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Reeve J, Maden M, Hill R, Turk A, Mahtani K, Wong G, Lasserson D, Krska J, Mangin D, Byng R, Wallace E, Ranson E | title = Deprescribing medicines in older people living with multimorbidity and polypharmacy: the TAILOR evidence synthesis | journal = Health Technology Assessment | volume = 26 | issue = 32 | pages = 1–148 | date = July 2022 | pmid = 35894932 | pmc = 9376985 | doi = 10.3310/AAFO2475 }}

A review analysed way to improve deprescribing in primary care. It concluded that clearly defined roles and responsibilities, with good communication between multidisciplinary team members, and pharmacists integrated within teams could aid deprescribing. Routine discussions about deprescribing when prescribing, with medication reviews tailored to patients’ needs and preferences could also help. Patients and informal carers should be involved in decisions, and trusted relationships should be built up with professionals allowing continuity of care. Clinicians would also benefit from training and education on deprescribing.{{Cite journal |last1=Radcliffe |first1=Eloise |last2=Servin |first2=Renée |last3=Cox |first3=Natalie |last4=Lim |first4=Stephen |last5=Tan |first5=Qian Yue |last6=Howard |first6=Clare |last7=Sheikh |first7=Claire |last8=Rutter |first8=Paul |last9=Latter |first9=Sue |last10=Lown |first10=Mark |last11=Brad |first11=Lawrence |last12=Fraser |first12=Simon D. S. |last13=Bradbury |first13=Katherine |last14=Roberts |first14=Helen C. |last15=Saucedo |first15=Alejandra Recio |date=2023-09-25 |title=What makes a multidisciplinary medication review and deprescribing intervention for older people work well in primary care? A realist review and synthesis |journal=BMC Geriatrics |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=591 |doi=10.1186/s12877-023-04256-8 |doi-access=free |issn=1471-2318 |pmc=10519081 |pmid=37743469}}{{Cite journal |date=7 May 2024 |title=How to deprescribe in primary care |url=https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/how-to-deprescribe-in-primary-care/ |journal=NIHR Evidence|doi=10.3310/nihrevidence_62994 |url-access=subscription }}

It is possible for the patient to develop adverse drug withdrawal events (ADWE).{{cite journal | vauthors = Graves T, Hanlon JT, Schmader KE, Landsman PB, Samsa GP, Pieper CF, Weinberger M | title = Adverse events after discontinuing medications in elderly outpatients | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 157 | issue = 19 | pages = 2205–2210 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9342997 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.1997.00440400055007 }} These symptoms may be related to the original reason why the medication was prescribed, to withdrawal symptoms or to underlying diseases that medications have masked.{{cite journal | vauthors = Woodward MC |title=Deprescribing: Achieving Better Health Outcomes for Older People through Reducing Medications |journal=Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research |date=December 2003 |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=323–328 |doi=10.1002/jppr2003334323 |s2cid=73918568 }} For some medications, ADWEs can generally be minimized or avoided by tapering the dose slowly and carefully monitoring for symptoms. Prescribers should be aware of which medications usually require tapering (such as corticosteroids and benzodiazepines) and which can be safely stopped suddenly (such as antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).

Deprescribing requires detailed follow-up and monitoring, not unlike the attention required when starting a new medication. It is recommended that prescribers frequently monitor "relevant signs, symptom, laboratory or diagnostic tests that were the original indications for starting the medication," as well as for potential withdrawal effects. The recommended schedule for monitoring during deprescribing is at two-week intervals.{{cite journal | vauthors = Quek HW, Etherton-Beer C, Page A, McLachlan AJ, Lo SY, Naganathan V, Kearney L, Hilmer SN, Comans T, Mangin D, Lindley RI, Potter K | title = Deprescribing for older people living in residential aged care facilities: Pharmacist recommendations, doctor acceptance and implementation | journal = Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics | volume = 107 | pages = 104910 | date = April 2023 | pmid = 36565605 | doi = 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104910 | s2cid = 254917543 }}

Several tools have been published to inform prescribers of inappropriate medications for various patient groups. The most common deprescribing algorithm is validated{{cite journal | vauthors = Page AT, Etherton-Beer CD, Clifford RM, Burrows S, Eames M, Potter K | title = Deprescribing in frail older people--Do doctors and pharmacists agree? | journal = Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 438–449 | date = 2016-05-01 | pmid = 26453002 | doi = 10.1016/j.sapharm.2015.08.011 }} and has been tested in two RCTs. It is available for clinicians to identify medications that can be deprescribed. It prompts clinicians to consider if it is (1) an inappropriate prescription, (2) adverse effects or interactions that outweigh symptomatic effects or potential future benefits, (3) drugs taken for symptom relief but the symptoms are stable, and (4) drug intended to prevent future severe events but the potential benefit is unlikely to be realized due to limited life expectancy. If the answer to any of the four prompts is yes, then the medication should be considered for deprescribing.

The CEASE algorithm prompts clinicians to consider if the treated condition remains a current concern for their patient.

The ERASE algorithm prompts clinicians to consider whether the treated condition still requires treatment.{{cite journal | vauthors = Page A, Etherton-Beer C | title = Undiagnosing to prevent overprescribing | journal = Maturitas | volume = 123 | pages = 67–72 | date = May 2019 | pmid = 31027680 | doi = 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.02.010 | doi-access = free }} The ERASE mnemonic stands for "evaluate diagnostic parameters," "resolved conditions," "ageing normally," "select targets," and "eliminate."

The Beers Criteria and the STOPP/START criteria present medications that may be inappropriate for use in older adults,{{cite journal | vauthors = Gallagher P, Ryan C, Byrne S, Kennedy J, O'Mahony D | title = STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment). Consensus validation | journal = International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 72–83 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18218287 | doi = 10.5414/cpp46072 | s2cid = 25532572 }} including drugs associated with high risk of adverse reactions for this population or lacking evidence for their benefits when safer and more effective alternatives exist.{{cite journal | vauthors = Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, Waller JL, Maclean JR, Beers MH | title = Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 163 | issue = 22 | pages = 2716–2724 | date = 2003-12-08 | pmid = 14662625 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716 }} Some countries, such as, Australia have their lists of Potentially Inappropriate Medicines.{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang KN, Etherton-Beer CD, Sanfilippo F, Page AT | title = Development of a list of Australian potentially inappropriate medicines using the Delphi technique | journal = Internal Medicine Journal | date = February 2024 | pmid = 38303674 | doi = 10.1111/imj.16322 | doi-access = free }} For people with dementia, the Medication Appropriateness Tool for Comorbid Health Conditions in Dementia (MATCH-D){{Cite web |title=MATCH-D Medication Appropriateness Tool for Comorbid Health conditions during Dementia |url=http://www.match-d.com.au/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.match-d.com.au |language=en-US}} can help clinicians identify when and what to consider deprescribing.{{cite journal | vauthors = Page AT, Potter K, Clifford R, McLachlan AJ, Etherton-Beer C | title = Medication appropriateness tool for co-morbid health conditions in dementia: consensus recommendations from a multidisciplinary expert panel | journal = Internal Medicine Journal | volume = 46 | issue = 10 | pages = 1189–1197 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27527376 | pmc = 5129475 | doi = 10.1111/imj.13215 }}

RxFiles, an academic detailing group based in Saskatchewan, Canada, has developed a tool to help long-term care providers identify potentially inappropriate medications in their residents.{{cite web|url=http://www.rxfiles.ca/rxfiles/Modules/ltc/ltc.aspx|title=Long-Term Care & Residential Care: Evidence-Based Resources|date=January 2016|website=RxFiles}} Tasmanian Medicare Local has created resources to help clinicians deprescribe.{{cite web|url=http://www.cpsedu.com.au/posts/view/46/Deprescribing-Documents-now-Available-for-Download|title=Deprescribing Documents now Available for Download|website=Consultant Pharmacy Services}} Theoretical Underpinnings of a Model to Reduce Polypharmacy and Its Negative Health Effects: Introducing the Team Approach to Polypharmacy Evaluation and Reduction (TAPER) is a framework to support practitioners in deprescribing.{{cite journal | vauthors = Mangin D, Lamarche L, Templeton JA, Salerno J, Siu H, Trimble J, Ali A, Varughese J, Page A, Etherton-Beer C | title = Theoretical Underpinnings of a Model to Reduce Polypharmacy and Its Negative Health Effects: Introducing the Team Approach to Polypharmacy Evaluation and Reduction (TAPER) | journal = Drugs & Aging | volume = 40 | issue = 9 | pages = 857–868 | date = September 2023 | pmid = 37603255 | pmc = 10450010 | doi = 10.1007/s40266-023-01055-z }}

Deprescribing guidelines provide structured approaches to safely reduce or stop medications that may no longer be beneficial or could be harmful. The Maudsley Guidelines offer comprehensive strategies for tapering antidepressants, benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, and Z-drugs, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing withdrawal symptoms from the underlying condition.{{Cite web |title=The Maudsley Deprescribing Guidelines: Antidepressants, Benzodiazepines, Gabapentinoids and Z-drugs {{!}} Wiley |url=https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/The+Maudsley+Deprescribing+Guidelines:+Antidepressants,+Benzodiazepines,+Gabapentinoids+and+Z-drugs-p-9781119823025 |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=Wiley.com |language=en}} The Bruyere Guidelines, developed by the deprescribing.org team, include evidence-based algorithms and decision-support tools for various medication classes, such as proton pump inhibitors and antipsychotics.{{Cite web |title=Deprescribing.org - Optimizing Medication Use |url=https://deprescribing.org/ |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=Deprescribing.org |language=en-US}} The Tasmanian Primary Health Network Guidelines focus on minimizing polypharmacy and improving patient outcomes through detailed deprescribing strategies for a wide range of medications, including opioids and antihypertensives.{{Cite web |date=2019-05-30 |title=Primary Health Tasmania's new deprescribing guides, videos and other resources |url=https://www.primaryhealthtas.com.au/2019/05/primary-health-tasmanias-new-deprescribing-guides-videos-and-other-resources/ |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=Primary Health Tasmania |language=en-US}} Additionally, the new evidence baed guidelines available at deprescribing.com provide resources and support for healthcare providers and patients to optimize medication use and enhance quality of life.{{Cite web |title=Public consultation now open. |url=https://deprescribing.com/ |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=Deprescribing |language=en}}

An expert working group concluded that integrated healthcare provided by multidisciplinary patient-centred teams was the most appropriate approach to promote deprescribing and improve appropriate medication use.{{cite journal | vauthors = Page AT, Cross AJ, Elliott RA, Pond D, Dooley M, Beanland C, Etherton-Beer CD |title=Integrate healthcare to provide multidisciplinary consumer-centred medication management: report from a working group formed from the National Stakeholders' Meeting for the Quality Use of Medicines to Optimise Ageing in Older Australians |journal=Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research |date=October 2018 |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=459–466 |doi=10.1002/jppr.1434 |s2cid=81405354 }} Deprescribing rounds in tertiary care hospitals have also been evaluated and shown to improve health-related outcomes.{{cite journal | vauthors = Edey R, Edwards N, Von Sychowski J, Bains A, Spence J, Martinusen D | title = Impact of deprescribing rounds on discharge prescriptions: an interventional trial | journal = International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 159–166 | date = February 2019 | pmid = 30478496 | doi = 10.1007/s11096-018-0753-2 | s2cid = 53730423 }}

Although many trials have successfully resulted in a reduction in medication use, there are some barriers to deprescribing:

• the prescriber's beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, skills, and behaviour{{cite journal | vauthors = Anderson K, Stowasser D, Freeman C, Scott I | title = Prescriber barriers and enablers to minimising potentially inappropriate medications in adults: a systematic review and thematic synthesis | journal = BMJ Open | volume = 4 | issue = 12 | pages = e006544 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25488097 | pmc = 4265124 | doi = 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006544 }}
• the prescriber's work environment, including work setting, health system and cultural factors
• patients' fears about cessation or dislike of medications.{{cite journal | vauthors = Reeve E, To J, Hendrix I, Shakib S, Roberts MS, Wiese MD | title = Patient barriers to and enablers of deprescribing: a systematic review | journal = Drugs & Aging | volume = 30 | issue = 10 | pages = 793–807 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23912674 | doi = 10.1007/s40266-013-0106-8 | s2cid = 13317143 }}

• the prescriber's beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, skills, and behaviour
• the prescriber's work environment, including work setting, health system and cultural factors
• the patient's agreement that deprescribing was appropriate,
• a structured process for cessation,
• the patients' need for influences or reasons to cease medication,

The prescriber and patients were shown to have the most significant influence on each other rather than external influences. 9 out of 10 older people said they would be willing to stop one or more medications if their doctor said it was okay.

• Medication Appropriateness Tool for Comorbid Health Conditions During Dementia (MATCH-D)
• Beers Criteria
• Medication discontinuation
• Overmedication
• Drug interaction

{{reflist}}

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Scott IA, Hilmer SN, Reeve E, Potter K, Le Couteur D, Rigby D, Gnjidic D, Del Mar CB, Roughead EE, Page A, Jansen J, Martin JH | title = Reducing inappropriate polypharmacy: the process of deprescribing | journal = JAMA Internal Medicine | volume = 175 | issue = 5 | pages = 827–834 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25798731 | doi = 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0324 | hdl = 1959.13/1338121 | hdl-access = free }}
• {{cite web | vauthors = Page A, Potter K, Clifford R, McLachlan A, Etherton-Beer C | title = Medication Appropriateness Tool for Comorbid Health conditions during Dementia (MATCH-D): Consensus recommendations from an interdisciplinary panel of experts. | work = International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) World Congress 2016 | url = http://www.match-d.com.au }}
• {{cite journal|title=European Journal of Hospital Pharmacology TOC|journal=Eur J Hosp Pharm|date=Jan 2017|volume=24|issue=1|url=http://ejhp.bmj.com/content/24/1.toc}} A special issue on deprescribing
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Hilmer SN, Gnjidic D, Le Couteur DG | title = Thinking through the medication list - appropriate prescribing and deprescribing in robust and frail older patients | journal = Australian Family Physician | volume = 41 | issue = 12 | pages = 924–928 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23210113 | url = http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2012/december/medication-list/ }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Page AT, Potter K, Clifford R, Etherton-Beer C | title = Deprescribing in older people | journal = Maturitas | volume = 91 | pages = 115–134 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 27451330 | doi = 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.06.006 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Potter K, Page A, Clifford R, Etherton-Beer C |title=Deprescribing: a guide for medication reviews |journal=Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research |date=December 2016 |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=358–367 |doi=10.1002/jppr.1298 |s2cid=78426240 }}

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