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Desiderative mood

{{Short description|Grammatical mood}}

{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}

In linguistics, a desiderative (abbreviated {{sc|desi}} or {{sc|des}}) form is one that has the meaning of "wanting to X". Desiderative forms are often verbs, derived from a more basic verb through a process of morphological derivation. Desiderative mood is a kind of volitive mood.

Sanskrit

In Sanskrit, the desiderative is formed through the suffixing of /sa/ and the prefixing of a reduplicative syllable, consisting of the first consonant of the root (sometimes modified) and a vowel, usually /i/ but /u/ if the root has an /u/ in it. Changes to the root vowel sometimes happen, as well. The acute accent, which indicates high pitch in Vedic, is usually placed at the first vowel.

For example:

rules=all class="wikitable"
Base formMeaningDesiderativeMeaning
nayati"he leads"nínīṣati"he wants to lead"
pibati"he drinks"pípāsati"he wants to drink"
jīvati"he lives"jíjīviṣati"he wants to live"

Meadow Mari

In Meadow Mari, the desiderative mood is marked by the suffix -не -ne.

=Positive present=

class="wikitable"

|+Conjugation of the present desiderative positive

Person

! 1st Dec. pos.

! 2nd Dec. pos.

1st Singular

| лекнем2 (I want to go)

| мондынем (I want to forget)

2nd Singular

| лекнет2 (You want to go)

| мондынет (You want to forget)

3rd Singular

| лекнеже2 (He/she/it wants to go)

| мондынеже (He/she/it wants to forget)

1st Plural

| лекнена2 (We want to go)

| мондынена (We want to forget)

2nd Plural

| лекнеда2 (You want to go)

| мондынеда (You want to forget)

3rd Plural

| лекнешт2 (They want to go)

| мондынешт (They want to forget)

=Negative present=

class="wikitable"

|+Conjugation of the present desiderative negative

Person

! 1st Dec. neg.

! 2nd Dec. neg.

1st Singular

| ынем лек2 (I don't want to go)

| ынем мондо1 (I don't want to forget)

2nd Singular

| ынет лек2 (You don't want to go)

| ынет мондо1 (You don't want to forget)

3rd Singular

| ынеже лек2 (He/she/it doesn't want to go)

| ынеже мондо1 (He/she/it doesn't want to forget)

1st Plural

| ынена лек2 (We don't want to go)

| ынена мондо1 (We don't want to forget)

2nd Plural

| ынеда лек2 (You don't want to go)

| ынеда мондо1 (You don't want to forget)

3rd Plural

| ынешт лек2 (They don't want to go)

| ынешт мондо1 (They don't want to forget)

Japanese

In Japanese, the desiderative takes two main forms: {{Transliteration|ja|-tai}} ({{lang|ja|-たい}}) and {{Transliteration|ja|-tagaru}} ({{lang|ja|-たがる}}). Both forms conjugate for tense and positivity, but in different ways: with the {{Transliteration|ja|-tai}} ending, the verb becomes an {{Transliteration|ja|-i adjective}}, or a conjugable adjective, while the ending {{Transliteration|ja|-tagaru}} ({{Transliteration|ja|-tai + -garu}} suffix) creates a godan/yodan verb. Though there are other, compound forms to demonstrate wanting, these two alone are demonstrated because they are inflections of the main verb. These two forms are plain/informal in nature, and can be elevated to the normal-polite and other levels through normal methods.

{{Transliteration|ja|-tai}} is an absolute statement of desire, whereas {{Transliteration|ja|-tagaru}} indicates the appearance of desire. Generally, one does not say things such as {{lang|ja|太郎さんが食べたい}} 'Tarō wants to eat' because one cannot read Tarō's thoughts; instead, one says {{lang|ja|太郎さんが食べたがる}} 'it appears that Tarō wants to eat.'

=Godan Verbs=

class="wikitable"

!colspan=2|

! {{langx|ja

たい|translit=-tai|label=none}}

! {{langx|ja

たがる|translit=-tagaru|label=none}}

! Meaning

rowspan=2| Non-past

! Positive

| {{langx|ja|書きたい|translit=kakitai|label=none}}

| {{langx|ja|書きたがる|translit=kakitagaru|label=none}}

| 'want(s) to write'

Negative

| {{langx|ja|書きたくない|translit=kakitakunai|label=none}}

| {{langx|ja|書きたがらない|translit=kakitagaranai|label=none}}

| 'don't/doesn't want to write'

rowspan=2| Past

! Positive

| {{langx|ja|書きたかった|translit=kakitakatta|label=none}}

| {{langx|ja|書きたがった|translit=kakitagatta|label=none}}

| 'wanted to write'

Negative

| {{langx|ja|書きたくなかった|translit=kakitakunakatta|label=none}}

| {{langx|ja|書きたがらなかった|translit=kakitagaranakatta|label=none}}

| 'didn't want to write'

=[[ichidan verb|Ichidan Verbs]]=

class="wikitable"

!colspan=2|

! {{langx|ja

たい|translit=-tai|label=none}}

! {{langx|ja

たがる|translit=-tagaru|label=none}}

! Meaning

rowspan=2| Non-past

! Positive

| {{langx|ja|食べたい|translit=tabetai|label=none}}

| {{langx|ja|食べたがる|translit=tabetagaru|label=none}}

| 'wants to eat'

Negative

| {{langx|ja|食べたくない|translit=tabetakunai|label=none}}

| {{langx|ja|食べたがらない|translit=tabetagaranai|label=none}}

| 'don't/doesn't want to eat'

rowspan=2| Past

! Positive

| {{langx|ja|食べたかった|translit=tabetakatta|label=none}}

| {{langx|ja|食べたがった|translit=tabetagatta|label=none}}

| 'wanted to eat'

Negative

| {{langx|ja|食べたくなかった|translit=tabetakunakatta|label=none}}

| {{langx|ja|食べたがらなかった|translit=tabetagaranakatta|label=none}}

| 'didn't want to eat'

Proto-Indo-European

Proto-Indo-European likely had a desiderative. In some daughter languages like Albanian, Indo-Iranian, Balto-Slavic and possibly Celtic, it acquired the meaning of a future tense.{{citation |last=Fortson IV |first=Benjamin W. |title=Indo-European Language and Culture |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=1-4051-0316-7 |page=91}}

References

{{reflist}}

{{Grammatical moods}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Desiderative Mood}}

Category:Grammatical moods