Devanagari numerals
{{Short description|Symbols used for numbers in Devanagari}}
{{Table Numeral Systems}}
The Devanagari numerals are the symbols used to write numbers in the Devanagari script, predominantly used for northern Indian languages. They are used to write decimal numbers, instead of the Western Arabic numerals.
Table
| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" | |||||
| rowspan="2"|Modern Devanagari||rowspan="2"|Western Arabic ! colspan="4" | Words for the cardinal number | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanskrit (wordstem) ! Hindi ! Marathi ! Nepali | |||||
| style="font-size:200%"|० | 0 | शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}}) | शून्य ({{IAST|śūny}}) | शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}}) | शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}}) |
| style="font-size:200%"|१ | 1 | एक {{IAST|eka}} | एक ({{IAST|ek}}) | एक ({{IAST|ek}}) | एक ({{IAST|ek}}) |
| style="font-size:200%"|२ | 2 | द्वि {{IAST|dvi}} | दो ({{IAST|do}}) | दोन ({{IAST|don}}) | दुइ ({{IAST|dui}}) |
| style="font-size:200%"|३ | 3 | त्रि {{IAST|tri}} | तीन ({{IAST|tīn}}) | तीन ({{IAST|tīn}}) | तिन ({{IAST|tīn}}) |
| style="font-size:200%"|४ | 4 | चतुर् {{IAST|catur}} | चार ({{IAST|cār}}) | चार ({{IAST|cār}}) | चारि ({{IAST|cāri}}) |
| style="font-size:200%"|५ | 5 | पञ्च {{IAST|pañca}} | पाँच ({{IAST|pāñc}}) | पाच ({{IAST|pāch}}) | पाँच ({{IAST|pānch}}) |
| style="font-size:200%"|६ | 6 | षट् {{IAST|ṣaṭ}} | छह ({{IAST|chah}}) | सहा ({{IAST|sahā}}) | छअ ({{IAST|chaā}}) |
| style="font-size:200%"|७ | 7 | सप्त {{IAST|sapta}} | सात ({{IAST|sāt}}) | सात ({{IAST|sāt}}) | सात ({{IAST|sāt}}) |
| style="font-size:200%"|८ | 8 | अष्ट {{IAST|aṣṭa}} | आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}}) | आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}}) | आठ ({{IAST|āṭha}}) |
| style="font-size:200%"|९ | 9 | नव {{IAST|nava}} | नौ ({{IAST|nau}}) | नऊ ({{IAST|naū}}) | नअ ({{IAST|nā}}) |
The word {{IAST|śūnya}} for zero was calqued into Arabic as {{lang|ar|صفر|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|sifr}}, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via Medieval Latin {{Lang|la-x-medieval|zephirum}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=zero|title=zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com}}
Variants
{{moreref|section|date=September 2017}}
File:Sanskrit_Arabic_numerals.jpg]]
Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature.[https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/devanagari/velthuis/doc/manual.pdf Devanagari for TEX version 2.17], page 22{{cite web|title=Alternate digits in Devanagari|url=http://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=entry_detail&uid=hvzj8v9yrg|publisher=Scriptsource.org|access-date=13 September 2017}}
| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;padding:8px" |
| १
| x27px | x26px | 1 |
|---|
| ५
| x26px | x24px | 5 |
| ८
| x22px | x18px | 8 |
| ९
| x26px | x24px | 9 |
In Nepali language ५, ८, ९ (5, 8, 9) - these numbers are slightly different from modern Devanagari numbers. In Nepali language uses old Devanagari system for writing these numbers, like {{lang|ne|५}}, {{lang|ne|८}}, {{lang|ne|९}}
See also
References
;Notes
{{Reflist}}
;Sources
- [http://www.mandalar.com/DisplayJ/Bonji/index6_E.html Sanskrit Siddham (Bonji) Numbers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207094714/http://www.mandalar.com/DisplayJ/Bonji/index6_E.html |date=2009-02-07 }}
- [https://barala.com.np/number-words.php Devanagari Numbers in Nepali language]
{{Nepali language}}
{{Devanagari abugida}}