Devonwall

File:Cornwall and Devon UK locator map 2010.svg

Devonwall is one name given to various proposals to link or combine the counties of Cornwall and Devon together in whole or in part. The name was initially used to describe political concept introduced in the United Kingdom in the 1970s by the Conservative government. It was an attempt to link the two counties together in an economic, political and statistical sense to form a South West region. This involved combining and centralising some local government functions and services such as the police, ambulance, fire services, as well as media output such as local TV and newspapers.

The term Devonwall has continued to be used to describe various other proposals that would see see Cornwall and Devon brought together in whole or in part, such as proposals for a Devonwall Parliamentary constituency

History

File:Devon & Cornwall Police WA09HPZ (1).jpg car]]

= Early policy =

The name Devonwall was initially used to describe the concept the 1970s by the Conservative government. The plan was to link the Cornwall and Devon counties together in an economic, political, administrative and statistical sense. This would see the combining and centralising some local government functions and services such as the police, ambulance, fire services, as well as media output such as local TV and newspapers.

Cornwall County Constabulary was merged with Devon and Exeter Police and Plymouth City Police to form Devon and Cornwall Constabulary (now known as Devon and Cornwall Police).

The Liberal Democrats supported these processes until the late 1990s. Conversely, Mebyon Kernow opposed the process,{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Martin |last2=MacLeod |first2=Gordon |date=2004 |title=Regional Spaces, Spaces of Regionalism: Territory, Insurgent Politics and the English Question |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3804367 |journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=433–452 |issn=0020-2754 }} and it did not receive widespread support from the Cornish public.{{citation needed|date=October 2011}}

= Objective One funding =

After the 1997 general election, the Liberal Democrats withdrew their support as they said that they agreed that the "Devonwall" process undermined Cornwall's claims to European Objective One funding.{{Cite journal |last=Di Cataldo |first=Marco |date=9 March 2017 |title=The impact of EU Objective 1 funds on regional development: Evidence from the U.K. and the prospect of Brexit |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jors.12337 |journal=Journal of Regional Science |language=en |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=814–839 |doi=10.1111/jors.12337 |issn=0022-4146}} Cornish demands for Objective One grant aid in the early 1990s for regeneration were often dismissed by Government officials as unrealistic and unobtainable,{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} but this ignored the fact that of the 56 most deprived areas in Devon and Cornwall, 51 were in Cornwall. Cornwall also had less than 75% of the average European GDP but these statistics were hidden when Devon—with its higher GDP—was viewed together with Cornwall under a shared statistical area.

In 1998, the new Labour Government recognised Cornwall as having "distinct cultural and historical factors reflecting a Celtic background",{{cite web|author=Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmhansrd/vo981022/debtext/81022-23.htm |title=Hansard 1998 – Cornwall has distinct cultural and historical factors reflecting a Celtic background |publisher=Publications.parliament.uk |date=1998-10-22 |accessdate=2018-10-08}} thus allowing it to be separated in a regional and economic sense from Devon. This fact underlines the importance of Celticity to Cornwall in recent years. In July 2000, Mebyon Kernow issued the "Declaration for a Cornish Assembly".

"Cornwall is a distinct region. It has a clearly defined economic, administrative and social profile. Cornwall's unique identity reflects its Celtic character, culture and environment. We declare that the people of Cornwall will be best served in their future governance by a Cornish regional assembly. We therefore commit ourselves to setting up the Cornish Constitutional Convention with the intention of achieving a devolved Cornish Assembly–Senedh Kernow."

Between 2000 and 2006, £350 million of Objective One funding was made available to Cornwall and with the subsequent "tranche" (called Convergence funding) lasted between the beginning of 2008 to 2013 and was worth £445 million. There were many complaints from Cornish people that the management of the Objective One investment is largely controlled from outside Cornwall,{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} by the South West Regional Development Agency (SWRDA), in Exeter and Bristol. Cornwall was the only Objective One region in the UK and Europe where the project is administered from outside the region.{{citation needed|date=October 2011}}

= Local enterprise partnership proposal =

New opposition emerged again in 2010, with the new government announcing that local enterprise partnerships (LEPs) would replace regional development agencies. A number of Devon councils favoured joining with Cornwall to form a "Devonwall" LEP, with Devon County Council arguing the two counties would be better united than fighting for funding against "very big regional LEPs, particularly in the north". However, Cornwall Council favoured a Cornwall and Isles of Scilly LEP.{{Cite web |title=Cornish resistance against bid to unite economy in 'Devonwall' partnership |url=http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/news/Cornish-veto-bid-unite-economy/article-2468200-detail/article.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729210256/http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/news/Cornish-veto-bid-unite-economy/article-2468200-detail/article.html |archive-date=29 July 2010 |access-date=29 July 2010 |website=This Is Cornwall |df=dmy-all}}

= Possible Parliamentary constituency =

Further opposition arose in 2010 to a cross-border parliamentary constituency, dubbed a "Devonwall" constituency, as part of the coalition government's plans to reform the electoral boundaries. It was met with opposition in both Devon and Cornwall.{{cite web | last=Becquart | first=Charlotte | title=The rise and fall of the controversial would-be 'Devonwall' MP | website=Cornwall Live | date=2020-05-24 | url=https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/rise-fall-controversial-devonwall-cross-4152688 | access-date=2024-10-03}} It was condemned by Mebyon Kernow and the Keep Cornwall Whole campaign, who planned protests in Saltash by the boundary of the historical division between Devon and Cornwall,{{cite web|author=Steven Morris |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/oct/05/cornwall-activists-creation-devonwall-constituency |title=Cornwall activists to protest against creation of 'Devonwall' constituency |work=The Guardian |date=2010-10-05 |accessdate=2018-10-08}} one of which took place in October 2010.{{Cite web |date=2013-05-05 |title=Hundreds gather in protest of 'Devonwall' constituency |url=http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Hundreds-gather-protest-Devonwall-constituency/story-11388951-detail/story.html#axzz2SPYUoysX |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505100358/http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Hundreds-gather-protest-Devonwall-constituency/story-11388951-detail/story.html |archive-date=5 May 2013 |access-date= |website=This Is Cornwall}} It was announced in September 2011 that the proposed new seat would include Bude in North Cornwall and Bideford in West Devon.{{Cite web |date=2012-09-12 |title=New Devonwall constituency is a 'sad day for democracy' |url=http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/New-Devonwall-constituency-sad-day-democracy/story-13327440-detail/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912045919/http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/New-Devonwall-constituency-sad-day-democracy/story-13327440-detail/story.html |archive-date=12 September 2012 |access-date= |website=This is Cornwall}} The idea resurfaced following the Conservative Party's outright victory in the 2015 UK general election, within which they took every Cornish seat.{{Cite web |date=11 May 2015 |title=POLL: Would you support the creation of a 'Devonwall' parliamentary seat? |url=http://www.westbriton.co.uk/POLL-support-creation-Devonwall-parliamentary/story-26478547-detail/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518102015/http://www.westbriton.co.uk/POLL-support-creation-Devonwall-parliamentary/story-26478547-detail/story.html |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=11 May 2015 |website=West Briton |df=dmy-all}}

The PFA Research "What Cornwall Thinks" study found that 56 percent of respondents believe that the Devonwall constituency proposal would not be good for Cornwall as-a-whole, with only 4 percent believing that it would be good for Cornwall.{{Cite web |last=Rush |first=Robert |date=2017-04-13 |title=4% of Cornwall's Population supports ‘Devonwall’ Constituency Proposal |url=https://www.pfa-research.com/2017/04/4-cornwalls-population-supports-devonwall-constituency-proposal/ |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=PFA Research |language=en}}

The proposal was scrapped in 2020.{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title='Devonwall' parliamentary constituency proposal scrapped |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-52042285 |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}

= Combined county authority proposal =

On 19 September 2024, the UK government approved Devon County Council and Torbay Council's devolution plan to create a Combined county authority (CCA).{{Cite web |last=Redfern |first=Martin |date=2024-09-27 |title=Government approves new Devon local government layer but says it still wants elected mayor |url=https://exeterobserver.org/2024/09/27/devon-torbay-combined-county-authority-devolution-deal-elected-mayor-regional-governance-institute-for-government-plymouth-cornwall-south-west-peninsula/ |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=Exeter Observer |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |date=2024-09-19 |title=Devolution deals on the cards for Devon and Cornwall |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c0m0zeky3mvo |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}} Plymouth City Council had also been involved in talks to form the new CCA, but Tudor Evans, Leader of Plymouth Council stated preference for a "peninsula-wide" approach which would include Cornwall. Linda Taylor, the Leader of Cornwall Council, responded by saying that she was "open to talks" but that Cornwall "deserves further devolution in its own right". Andrew George stated that both Cornwall's MPs and Cornwall Council were in consensus that Cornwall should have devolution alone, as opposed to a combined arrangement with Devon.{{Cite news |last=Trewhela |first=Lee |date=6 September 2024 |title=Combined Plymouth and Cornwall devolution deal on the table |url=https://www.cornish-times.co.uk/news/combined-plymouth-and-cornwall-devolution-deal-on-the-table-719475 |access-date=5 October 2024 |work=Cornish Times}}{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Lee |date=2025-01-10 |title=A new Trelawny's Army in Cornwall battles mayor merger with Devon |url=https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/new-trelawnys-army-cornwall-battles-9853161 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Cornwall Live |language=en}} The Cornwall Chamber of Commerce said that a Devonwall Combined Authority would damadge Cornwall's identity and business prospects.{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Lee |date=2025-01-15 |title='Brand Cornwall' could be ruined by Devonwall merger |url=https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/brand-cornwall-could-ruined-devonwall-9864931 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Cornwall Live |language=en}}

Plymouth City Council passed a motion stating the council's intention to seek a combined authority which would include Cornwall. All six cornish MPs, Mebyon Kernow, and the leader of the Lib Dem group in Cornwall County Council have stated their opposition to the plan. Later on January 21, Dick Cole put forward a motion that Cornwall Council should affirm its stance that it should seek greater autonomy and devolution whilst remaining a stand-alone council, and reject any proposals for a combined authority.{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Lee |date=2025-01-22 |title=Cornwall told 'hold your nerve' on devolution deal |url=https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/cornwall-devolution-debate-says-hold-9882410 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Cornwall Live |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Lee |date=2025-01-29 |title=Council's leader's 'totally bonkers' Cornwall nationalist comment |url=https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/council-leader-slammed-totally-bonkers-9901369 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Cornwall Live |language=en}} The motion passed overwhelmingly.

Current positions and popularity

Today many Cornish organisations such as Mebyon Kernow, the Liberal Democrats, the Cornish Constitutional Convention, as well as many Conservative and independent councillors on Cornwall Council still campaign against the "Devonwall" concept and are in favour of Cornwall being run as a distinct cultural, economic and administrative region with its own assembly.{{citation needed|date=October 2011}}

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20120422194640/http://www.devonwall.co.uk/index.html KEEP DEVON OUT OF CORNWALL 'devonwall']
[https://web.archive.org/web/20070617041217/http://www.mebyonkernow.org/Public/Stories/48-1.shtml Mebyon Kernow oppose 'devonwall']
[https://web.archive.org/web/20060303101206/http://www.freethespirit.org.uk/5altern.htm Church to form a new Diocese of 'devonwall' ?]
[http://www.cornishassembly.org/index.htm Cornish Assembly oppose 'devonwall' policies]

Category:Cornish nationalism

Category:Politics of Cornwall

Category:Politics of Devon

Category:Regions of England