Devuan#Derivatives

{{Infobox OS

| name = Devuan

| logo = Devuan-logo.svg

| logo size = 250px

| screenshot = File:Devuan 5 Xfce LiveDVD uname+issue.png

| caption = Devuan with its default XFCE desktop running on a virtual machine (2023-08)

| developer = Veteran Unix Admins

| working state = Current

| source_model = Open source

| family = Linux (Unix-like)

| released = {{start date and age|2016|5|03}}[https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/devuan-beta-release Devuan Beta Release]

| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|preferred|reference|edit|Q18601928|P348|P548=Q2804309}}

| latest release date = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|Q18601928|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}}}

| package manager = APT (dpkg)

| supported_platforms = i386, amd64, ARM, ppc64el

| kernel_type = Monolithic

(Linux kernel)| userland = GNU

| ui = Xfce

| license = Various open source licenses

| website = {{url|https://www.devuan.org/}}

}}

Devuan is an open source, Debian-based Linux distribution that aims to maintain compatibility with other init systems and avoid lock-in by systemd. Devuan offers sysvinit, runit or OpenRC as alternatives to systemd.{{cite web |last=Hoffman |first=Chris |date=3 December 2014 |title=Meet Devuan, the Debian fork born from a bitter systemd revolt |website=PCWorld |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2854717/meet-devuan-the-debian-fork-born-from-a-bitter-systemd-revolt.html |access-date=13 December 2014}}{{cite web |last=Larabel |first=Michael |date=28 November 2014 |title=Devuan: Debian Without Systemd |website=Phoronix |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTg1MDQ |access-date=14 December 2014}}[https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTg3MTg Devuan Is Still Moving Along As A Debian Fork Without Systemd - Phoronix]{{cite web |last=Sharwood |first=Simon |date=1 December 2014 |title=systemd row ends with Debian getting forked |website=The Register |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/12/01/ttsystemdtt_row_ends_with_debian_getting_forked/ |access-date=13 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201010101/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/12/01/ttsystemdtt_row_ends_with_debian_getting_forked/ |archive-date=1 December 2014}}

History

With the release of Debian 8, some developers and users felt alienated due to the project's adoption of systemd and subsequent removal of support for other existing init systems.{{cite web |last=Wise |first=Paul |date=25 April 2015 |title=Debian 8 'Jessie' released | work=debian-announce |url=https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/2015/msg00001.html |access-date=26 April 2015}} This decision prompted some Debian community members to start a fork of Debian without systemd.{{cite web |last=Stahie |first=Silviu |date=28 November 2014 |title=Fork Debian Project Announces the Systemd-less OS Devuan |work=Softpedia |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Fork-Debian-Project-Announces-the-Systemd-less-OS-Devuan-466178.shtml |access-date=30 November 2014}}

Instead of continuing the Debian practice of using Toy Story character names as release codenames,{{cite web |author=Debian FAQ Authors |date=1 May 2015 |title=What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.? |work=The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ |url=https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-ftparchives#s-codenames |access-date=17 June 2015 |archive-date=11 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711075717/http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-ftparchives#s-codenames |url-status=dead }} Devuan aliases its releases using planet names. The first stable release shared the Debian 8 codename Jessie. However, the Devuan release was named for minor planet 10464.{{cite web |date=1 January 2020 |title=Devuan GNU+Linux Release Codenames |url=https://devuan.org/os/releases/ |access-date=1 January 2020}}

The first stable release of Devuan was published on May 25, 2017.{{cite web |url=https://devuan.org/os/debian-fork/stable-jessie-announce-052517 |title=Devuan Jessie 1.0.0 stable release (LTS) |website=devuan.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525184252/https://devuan.org/os/debian-fork/stable-jessie-announce-052517 |archive-date=2017-05-25}}[https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20170605#devuan DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 715, 5 June 2017][https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Devuan-1.0-Stable-Released Devuan 1.0 Officially Released - Letting Debian Live Without Systemd - Phoronix]

Devuan 2.0.0 ASCII was released on June 9, 2018, and 2.1 ASCII was released on November 21, 2019. ASCII provides a choice of five different desktop environments at install time (XFCE, Cinnamon, KDE, LXQt, MATE), while many other window managers are available from the repositories. It also provides installation options for choosing between sysvinit and OpenRC for init, and between GRUB and LILO for the boot loader. Devuan maintains a modified version of the Debian expert text installer, which has the ability to install only free software if the user chooses, while the live desktop image also uses a custom graphical installer from Refracta, a derivative of Devuan.{{Cite web|url=https://www.devuan.org/os/announce/chimaera-release-announce-2021-10-14|title = Devuan GNU+Linux Free Operating System}}

Devuan 3.0 Beowulf was released on June 3, 2020, based on Debian 10.4. Ppc64el has been added to the list of supported architectures. Runit is now available as an alternative init. Eudev and elogind are now used to replace some Systemd functionality.{{cite web |title=Devuan Beowulf 3.0.0 Released: A GNU+Linux Debian Without Systemd |date=3 June 2020|url=https://fossbytes.com/devuan-beowulf-3-0-0-released-a-gnulinux-debian-without-systemd/}}

Devuan 4.0 Chimaera was released on October 14, 2021. It is based on Debian Bullseye (11.1) with Linux kernel 5.10.

Devuan 5.0 Daedalus was released on August 15, 2023. It is based on Debian Bookworm (12.1) with Linux kernel 6.1.

The current testing suite with code name Excalibur is planned for 2025+. It is based on Debian Trixie (13) with Linux kernel 6.10.

Packages

Devuan has its own package repository which mirrors upstream Debian,{{cite web |title=Devuan build system overview |url=http://www.devuan.org/pics/devuan-ci-graph.png |access-date=17 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112142830/https://devuan.org/pics/devuan-ci-graph.png |archive-date=12 January 2016}} with local modifications made only when needed to allow for init systems other than systemd. Devuan does not provide systemd in its repositories but still retains libsystemd0 until it has removed all dependencies.

Amprolla is the program used to merge Debian packages with Devuan packages. It downloads packages from Debian and merges changes to packages that Devuan overrides.{{cite web |title=amprolla3 |url=https://git.devuan.org/devuan/amprolla3}} According to Repology{{Cite web |title=Repository statistics - Repology |url=https://repology.org/repositories/statistics |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=repology.org}} the number of packages in Devuan 4.0 is less but close to Debian Stable (13); the Devuan unstable is almost identical to Debian unstable in terms of the number of packages.

Derivatives

In August 2022, Peppermint OS announced the release of Devuan-based ISOs, alongside their Debian-based ISOs.{{Cite web |title=Peppermint OS Releases for 08-02-2022 – Peppermint OS |url=https://peppermintos.com/2022/08/peppermint-os-releases-for-08-02-2022/ |access-date=2022-08-23 |language=en-US}}

Exe GNU/Linux is a Devuan derivative (since 2017) featuring the Trinity Desktop Environment and another LXDE version.{{Cite web |title=DistroWatch.com: Exe GNU/Linux |url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=exe |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=distrowatch.com}}

Star is another Devuan-based Linux distribution featuring several lightweight window managers, such as Openbox, Fluxbox, JWM, and i3.{{Cite web |title=DistroWatch.com: Star |url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=star |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=distrowatch.com}}

Version history

class="wikitable"
Version !Codename !Codebase !Release date !End of support
{{Version\|o \|1}} \|Jessie \|Debian 8 "Jessie" \|May 25, 2017 \|June 30, 2020
{{Version\|o \|2}} \|ASCII \|Debian 9 "Stretch" \|June 9, 2018 \|July 1, 2022
{{Version\|o \|3}} \|Beowulf \|Debian 10 "Buster" \|June 3, 2020 \|June 30, 2024
{{Version\|co \|4}} \|Chimaera \|Debian 11 "Bullseye" \|October 14, 2021 \|August 31, 2026
{{Version\|c \|5}} \|Daedalus \|Debian 12 "Bookworm" \|August 14, 2023 \|June 30, 2028
{{Version\|cp \|6}} \|Excalibur \|Debian 13 "Trixie" \|{{tba}} \|{{tba}}
{{Version\|p \|7}} \|Freia \|Debian 14 "Forky" \|{{tba}} \|{{tba}}
unstable \|Ceres \|Debian "Sid" \| colspan="2" \|Rolling release

class="wikitable"

Version

!Codename

!Codebase

!Release date

!End of support

|Jessie

|Debian 8 "Jessie"

|May 25, 2017

|June 30, 2020

|ASCII

|Debian 9 "Stretch"