Dharawal language

{{Short description|Endangered Yuin language spoken in Australia}}

{{distinguish|Wadjalang language{{!}}Dharawala language}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}{{Infobox language

| name = Dharawal

| altname = Tharawal

| region = New South Wales

| ethnicity = Dharawal, Wodiwodi, Gweagal

| extinct =

| revived =

| familycolor = Australian

| fam1 = Pama–Nyungan

| fam2 = Yuin–Kuric

| fam3 = Yuin

| fam4 = Tharawal languages

| iso3 = tbh

| linglist = tbh.html

| glotto = thur1254

| glottorefname = Thurawal

| aiatsis = S59

| map = Dharag-Neighbors1.png

| mapcaption = Traditional lands of Australian Aboriginal tribes around Sydney, New South Wales;{{efn|This map is indicative only.}} Dharawal in {{legend inline|#e02041|red}}.

| speakers = 27 self-identified speakers

| date = 2016 census

| ref = {{Cite web|url=http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_C16_T09_SA|title=Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)|publisher=ABS|website=stat.data.abs.gov.au|language=en-au|access-date=2017-10-30|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226044803/http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_C16_T09_SA|url-status=dead}}

| states = Australia

| map2 = Lang Status 20-CR.svg

| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Dharawal is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}

}}

The Dharawal language, also spelt Tharawal and Thurawal, and also known as Wodiwodi and other variants, is an Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales.

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable"

!

!Labial

!Velar

!Alveolar

!Dental

!Palatal

align="center"

!Stop

|b

|d

|d̪

align="center"

!Nasal

|m

|n

|n̪

align="center"

!Lateral

|

|

|l

|

|

align="center"

!Rhotic

|

|

|r

|

|

align="center"

!Approximant

|w

|

|

|

|j

= Vowels =

Vowels are phonemically /a i u/.{{Cite book|title=The Dharawal and Dhurga Languages of the New South Wales South Coast|last=Eades|first=Diana K.|year=1976}}

Vocabulary

Below is a basic vocabulary list from Blake (1981).{{cite book |last=Blake |first=Barry J. |author-link=Barry Blake |title=Australian Aboriginal languages: a general introduction |publisher=Angus & Robertson Publishers |publication-place=London |date=1981 |isbn=0-207-14044-8}}

:

class="wikitable sortable"

! English !! Dharawal

man{{lang|tbh|yuwiny}}
woman{{lang|tbh|miga}}
mother{{lang|tbh|minga}}
father{{lang|tbh|baba}}
head{{lang|tbh|walaar}}
eye{{lang|tbh|mabura}}
nose{{lang|tbh|nugur}}
ear{{lang|tbh|guri}}
mouth{{lang|tbh|gami}}
tongue{{lang|tbh|ḏalany}}
tooth{{lang|tbh|yira}}
hand{{lang|tbh|maramal}}
breast{{lang|tbh|nguminyang}}
stomach{{lang|tbh|biṉḏi}}
faeces{{lang|tbh|guning}}
thigh{{lang|tbh|ḏara}}
foot{{lang|tbh|ḏana}}
blood{{lang|tbh|ngawu}}
dog{{lang|tbh|mirigang}}
snake{{lang|tbh|gari}}
kangaroo{{lang|tbh|buru}}
possum{{lang|tbh|guruura}}
fish{{lang|tbh|ḏany}}
spider{{lang|tbh|maraara}}
crow{{lang|tbh|wawarnang}}
sun{{lang|tbh|wuri}}
moon{{lang|tbh|dyadyung}}
stone{{lang|tbh|garabang}}
water{{lang|tbh|ngadyung}}
camp{{lang|tbh|ngura}}
fire{{lang|tbh|ganbi}}
smoke{{lang|tbh|gaandi}}
food{{lang|tbh|ḏangang}}
meat{{lang|tbh|mandidyang}}
stand{{lang|tbh|ḏar}}
see{{lang|tbh|nand}}
go{{lang|tbh|yand}}
get{{lang|tbh|mand}}
hit, kill{{lang|tbh|bulm}}
I{{lang|tbh|ngayagang}}
you{{lang|tbh|nyindigang}}
one{{lang|tbh|miḏang}}
two{{lang|tbh|bula}}

See also

Notes

References

{{Reflist}}